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Literature summary for 1.1.1.219 extracted from

  • Hua, C.; Linling, L.; Shuiyuan, C.; Fuliang, C.; Feng, X.; Honghui, Y.; Conghua, W.
    Molecular cloning and characterization of three genes encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase from Ginkgo biloba in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (2013), PLoS ONE, 8, e72017.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GbDFR1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis Ginkgo biloba
gene GbDFR2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis Ginkgo biloba
gene GbDFR3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis Ginkgo biloba

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ Ginkgo biloba
-
leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ Ginkgo biloba
-
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Ginkgo biloba
-
-
-
Ginkgo biloba I6XNY7 gene DFR-3
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
flower
-
Ginkgo biloba
-
gynaeceum
-
Ginkgo biloba
-
leaf young, high expression level Ginkgo biloba
-
additional information tissue expression profiles of DFR isozymes, overview. During the annual growth cycle, the GbDFRs are significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves Ginkgo biloba
-
root
-
Ginkgo biloba
-
stamen high expression level Ginkgo biloba
-
stem
-
Ginkgo biloba
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+
-
Ginkgo biloba leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+
-
Ginkgo biloba cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
DFR
-
Ginkgo biloba
dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
-
Ginkgo biloba
GbDFR1
-
Ginkgo biloba
GbDFR2
-
Ginkgo biloba
GbDFR3
-
Ginkgo biloba

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
assay at Ginkgo biloba

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
assay at Ginkgo biloba

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Ginkgo biloba

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Ginkgo biloba GbDFR1 expression is suppressed by salicylic acid down
Ginkgo biloba the GbDFR3 expression is downregulated by abscisic acid down
Ginkgo biloba low-dose UV treatment, and 5-aminolevulinic acid, and salicylic acid have no obvious induction effect on GbDFR3 additional information
Ginkgo biloba no effect on GbDFR2 expression by 5-aminolevulinic acid additional information
Ginkgo biloba wounding has no effect on GbDFR1 expression additional information
Ginkgo biloba GbDFR1 expression is induced by UVB radiation, abscisic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and ethephon up
Ginkgo biloba GbDFR2 expression is induced by UVB radiation, abscisic acid, ethephon, and salicylic acid , and highly induced by wounding up
Ginkgo biloba the GbDFR3 expression is induced by wounding and ethephon up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution three DFR cDNA clones GbDFRs occur in the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba. The deduced GbDFR proteins show high identities to other plant DFRs, which form three distinct DFR families. The three GbDFRs each belong to a different DFR family. Phylogenetic tree analysis reveals that the GbDFRs share the same ancestor as other DFRs Ginkgo biloba
physiological function dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR1 appears to be involved in environmental stress response Ginkgo biloba
physiological function dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR2 is mainly involved in responses to plant hormones, environmental stress and damage Ginkgo biloba
physiological function dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR3 likely has primary functions in the synthesis of anthocyanins Ginkgo biloba