Any feedback?
Literature summary for 1.1.1.2 extracted from
- Isolation and characterization of multiforms of aldehyde reductase in chicken kidney (1983), Eur. J. Biochem., 133, 207-214.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| SO42- | - |
Gallus sp. |  |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | AR1 and AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| chlorpromazine | - |
Bos taurus | |
| chlorpromazine | isozyme AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| chlorpromazine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| indomethacin | - |
Gallus sp. | |
| p-chloromercuribenzoate | - |
Gallus sp. | |
| Phenobarbital | - |
Bos taurus | |
| Phenobarbital | - |
Gallus sp. | |
| Phenobarbital | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Phenobarbital | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.002 | - |
NADPH | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.003 | - |
NADPH | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.003 | - |
NADPH | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.052 | - |
NADH | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.052 | - |
NADH | aldehyde reductase 2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.056 | - |
p-Carboxybenzaldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.099 | - |
androstane-3,17-dione | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.11 | - |
5alpha-dihydrotestosterone | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.43 | - |
D-glyceraldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.46 | - |
1,2-Cyclohexanedione | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.8 | - |
1,2-Cyclohexanedione | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.1 | - |
D-galacturonate | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.2 | - |
p-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.6 | - |
Phenylglyoxal | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2.7 | - |
ethylacetoacetate | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2.8 | - |
methylglyoxal | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 3 | - |
pyridine 3-aldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 3.7 | - |
Indole-3-acetaldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 3.9 | - |
m-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4 | - |
pyridine 4-aldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4 | - |
5alpha-dihydrotestosterone | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4.5 | - |
D-glucuronate | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4.6 | - |
o-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4.9 | - |
L-glyceraldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 8.2 | - |
D-glyceraldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 10.8 | - |
diacetyl | AR1, AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 11.1 | - |
L-glyceraldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 13 | - |
androstane-3,17-dione | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 19.6 | - |
D-glucuronolactone | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 26 | - |
ethylacetoacetate | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 67 | - |
D-glucuronolactone | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
| 111 | - |
ribose | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 160 | - |
xylose | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 270 | - |
D-xylose | AR1 | Gallus sp. | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Bos taurus | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Gallus sp. | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na2SO4 | 400 mM, AR2, relative activity 150% | Gallus sp. | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30000 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| 30000 | - |
- |
Bos taurus |
| 30000 | - |
Ar1 and AR3, gel filtration | Gallus sp. |
| 32000 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| 32000 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 32000 | - |
- |
Bos taurus |
| 32000 | - |
AR2, gel filtration | Gallus sp. |
| 39000 | - |
AR1and AR3, SDS-PAGE | Gallus sp. |
| 39500 | - |
AR2, SDS-PAGE | Gallus sp. |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylacetoacetate + NADPH | Rattus norvegicus | - |
ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| ethylacetoacetate + NADPH | Gallus sp. | - |
ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| lauryl aldehyde + NADPH | Gallus sp. | isozyme AR3 | lauryl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bos taurus | - |
ox | - |
| Gallus sp. | - |
chicken | - |
| Homo sapiens | - |
human | - |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Gallus sp. |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| brain | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| brain | - |
Gallus sp. | - |
| heart | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| heart | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| heart | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| heart | - |
Gallus sp. | - |
| kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| kidney | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| liver | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| muscle | leg muscle | Gallus sp. | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.86 | - |
AR2 | Gallus sp. |
| 19.7 | - |
AR1 | Gallus sp. |
| 19.9 | - |
AR3 | Gallus sp. |
| 20 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 20 | - |
AR1 and AR3 | Gallus sp. |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| -20°C can be stored in 20% glycerol/10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8, 0.5 mg/ml without any loss of activity for 1 month | Gallus sp. |
| 4°C purified enzymes are stable for at least 2 days, then gradually loses activity during storage | Gallus sp. |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-cyclohexanedione + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 4-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | 4-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| acetoin + NADPH + H+ | isozyme AR3 | Gallus sp. | butan-2,3-diol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| androstane-3,17-dione + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-galacturonate + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronolactone + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronolactone + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Gallus sp. | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-ribose + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-xylose + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-xylose + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-xylose + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| diacetyl + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| ethylacetoacetate + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| ethylacetoacetate + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| glycolaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ethane-1,2-diol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| indol-3-ylacetaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | indol-3-ethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-xylose + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| lauryl aldehyde + NADPH | isozyme AR3 | Gallus sp. | lauryl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| m-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | m-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| m-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | m-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| methylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | ? + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| methylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| methylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| n-butyraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | n-butanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| n-butyraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | n-butanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| o-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | o-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| phenylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| pyridine 4-aldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
Gallus sp. | 4-pyridinemethanol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| monomer | - |
Homo sapiens |
| monomer | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| monomer | - |
Bos taurus |
| monomer | 1 * 39500, AR1, SDS-PAGE | Gallus sp. |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| 50 | - |
AR1 and AR3 loses about 30% activity after 10 min, Ar2 loses more than 60% | Gallus sp. |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 6.5 | AR1 and AR3 | Gallus sp. |
| 6 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| 6 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 6 | - |
AR2, sharp acidic pH | Gallus sp. |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
