Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene AKR1C1, real-time PCR expression anaysis | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
daunorubicin + NADPH + H+ | Homo sapiens | inactivation of the anticancer drug | daunorubicinol + NADP+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Q04828 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
colon carcinoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | the expression of AKR1C1 is elevated in lung, uterine cervix, and colon cancers | Homo sapiens | - |
U-937 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
uterine cervix carcinoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
daunorubicin + NADPH + H+ | inactivation of the anticancer drug | Homo sapiens | daunorubicinol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
daunorubicin + NADPH + H+ | the enzyme reduces daunorubicin to its corresponding alcohol daunorubicinol using NADPH as the coenzyme | Homo sapiens | daunorubicinol + NADP+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AKR1C1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
25 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | the enzyme expression is upregulated by daunorubicin treament | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | the enzyme is a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily that metabolizes endogenous substrates, such as carbohydrates, prostaglandins and steroids, and xenobiotics in a NAD(P)(H)-dependent manner | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | crucial role of AKR1C1 in the acquisition of daunorubicin resistance of leukemic cells by metabolizing both daunorubicin and cytotoxic aldehydes derived from ROS-linked lipid peroxidation. Daunorubicin, at its sublethal doses, induces the expression of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3, EC 1.1.1.239, both of which reduce the daunorubicin sensitivity of the cells, AKR1C3 is more inducible than AKR1C1 by the daunorubicin treatment | Homo sapiens |