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Information on EC 6.2.1.16 - acetoacetate-CoA ligase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession Q86V21

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EC Tree
     6 Ligases
         6.2 Forming carbon-sulfur bonds
             6.2.1 Acid-thiol ligases
                6.2.1.16 acetoacetate-CoA ligase
IUBMB Comments
Also acts, more slowly, on L-3-hydroxybutanoate.
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: Q86V21
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
acetoacetyl-coa synthetase, slaacs, acetoacetate-coa ligase, acetoacetyl coa synthetase, acetoacetyl-coa ligase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
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AACS
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Acetoacetate--CoA ligase
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Acetoacetyl CoA synthetase
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Acetoacetyl-CoA ligase
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Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase
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-
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Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A synthetase
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Synthetase, acetoacetyl coenzyme A
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acid-thiol ligation
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Also acts, more slowly, on L-3-hydroxybutanoate.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
39394-62-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + acetoacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
ATP + acetoacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + acetoacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mg2+
required
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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expression is particularly abundant in white adipose tissue
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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AACS gene expression is particularly abundant in white adipose tissue, as it is induced during adipocyte differentiation
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
knockdown of SREBP-2, which orchestrates cholesterol synthesis, results in the downregulation of AACS mRNA levels. Knockdown of AACS results in a decrease in histone deacetylase 9, associated with gene silencing
physiological function
acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is the enzyme responsible for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol. AACS has an important role in normal neuronal development. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) regulates gene expression of AACS in Neuro-2a cells and ketone body utilization affects the balance of histone acetylation
physiological function
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acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase activates ketone bodies and incorporates them into cholesterol and fatty acids in the cytosol of lipogenic tissue
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
AACS_HUMAN
672
0
75144
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
75143
x * 75143, deduced from DNA sequence
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
x * 75143, deduced from DNA sequence
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression of a cDNA isolated from human carcinoma HepG2 in Escherichia coli
gene AACS, analysis of the transcriptional mechanism of AACS in Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells. The minimal core promoter of the mouse AACS gene is located in a region with 110 bps upstream from the transcription start site. Mutagenesis studies show that the Sp1 binding site is crucial for AACS promoter activity. Sp1 binds to the Sp1 binding site on the promoter region of AACS. Overexpression of Sp1 increases AACS mRNA levels. Real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of AACS in Neuro-2a cells
AACS DNa and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, and promoter identification and cloning, the human AACS promoter is a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamm, PPARgamma, target gene, the nuclear receptor is recruited to the AACS promoter by direct interaction with stimulating protein-1, Sp-1
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binds to the Sp1 binding site on the promoter region of AACS. Overexpression of Sp1 increases AACS mRNA levels
specificity protein 1 (Sp1) regulates gene expression of AACS in Neuro-2a cells, investigation of promoter activity of AACS, overview
peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamm, PPARgamma, induces AACS and adipogenesis. A PPAR-responsive element, PPRE-independent mechanism might be involved in PPARgamma-mediated AACS gene expression. PPARgamma-dependent activation of the human AACS gene is mediated by the GC boxes
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the human AACS promoter is a PPARgamma target gene. Nuclear receptor PPARgamma is recruited to the AACS promoter by direct interaction with Sp1
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bergstrom, J.D.; Edmond, J.
A radiochemical assay for acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
Anal. Biochem.
149
358-364
1985
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Zoogloea ramigera, Zoogloea ramigera 1-16-M / ATCC 19623
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ohgami, M.; Takahashi, N.; Yamasaki, M.; Fukui, T.
Expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, a novel cytosolic ketone body-utilizing enzyme, in human brain
Biochem. Pharmacol.
65
989-994
2003
Homo sapiens (Q86V21), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Aguilo, F.; Camarero, N.; Relat, J.; Marrero, P.F.; Haro, D.
Transcriptional regulation of the human acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase gene by PPARgamma
Biochem. J.
427
255-264
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hasegawa, S.; Imai, M.; Yamasaki, M.; Takahashi, N.; Fukui, T.
Transcriptional regulation of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase by Sp1 in neuroblastoma cells
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
495
652-658
2018
Homo sapiens (Q86V21)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team