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ATP + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoic acid + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoyl-tRNAMet
ATP + (S)-2-aminohex-5-ynoic acid + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + 2(S)-aminohex-5-ynoyl-tRNAMet
500fold reduced activity compared to L-methionine
-
?
ATP + azidonorleucine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + azidonorleucinyl-tRNAMet
MetRS SLL-mutant
-
-
?
ATP + azidonorleucine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + azidonorleucyl-tRNAMet
activity of mutant L13G, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAArg(CCU)
?
tRNA mismethionylation
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAThr(CGU)
?
tRNA mismethionylation
-
-
?
ATP + L-norleucine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-norleucyl-tRNAMet
1050fold reduced activity compared to L-methionine
-
?
ATP + L-trans-alpha-crotylglycine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-trans-alpha-crotylglycyl-tRNAMet
4700fold reduced activity compared to L-methionine
-
?
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
-
-
-
-
r
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
additional information
?
-
ATP + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoic acid + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoic acid + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + (S)-2-aminohex-5-enoyl-tRNAMet
1850fold reduced activity compared to L-methionine
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
binding of L-methionine induces conformational changes of the active site of the enzyme, amino acid residues Y15 and W253 are important for the strength of binding, H301 is responsible for the specific recognition of the sulfur atom of methionine
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
reduced activity with L-methionine analogues, overview, two-step reaction, the first step, the aminoacylation, is reversible, the seconde, the transfer reaction, is not
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
L-methionine and methionine analogue substrates are incorporated in proteins, overview
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
-
-
-
r
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
covalent binding of methionine to the tRNAMet
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
formation of an methionine adenylate reaction intermediate
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
substrate editing mechanism, L-methionine is bound to a hydrophobic pocket formed by amino acid residues W253, Y15, A256, P257, L13, A12, I297, Y260, H301, and W305 around the side-chain
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
conformation of tRNA and the recognition of anticodon by MetRS, hydrogen bonding patterns, interactions at the active site, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet
AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
residues L13, P257, Y260, and H301 are involved in the Met binding site
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also performs the ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
homocysteine thiolactone is formed as a product of an error-editing reaction, which prevents incorporation of homocysteine into tRNA and protein (not enzyme from temperature-sensitive mutant of CHO-cells, at non-permissive temperature)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
methionine-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
methionine-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
methionine-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme also performs the ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs the ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
L-homocysteine is a natural competitor to L-methionine, its activation by the enzyme is prevented by a proof-reading mechanism, structural requirements are determined form the crystal structure
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phylogenetic analysis
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
modeling of the structure of a complex consisting of MetRS, tRNA, and activated methionine, molecular dynamics simulations, evaluation of the equilibrated structure of the complex and the cross-correlations between the residues in MetRS, analysis of communication between the activation site and the anticodon recognition site, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with L-methionyl-tRNALys
-
-
?
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15.68
(S)-2-aminohex-5-enoic acid
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
2.42
(S)-2-aminohex-5-ynoic acid
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
0.0243
L-methionine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
4.12
L-norleucine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
4.56
L-trans-alpha-crotylglycine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
0.00303 - 0.04183
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
additional information
additional information
-
0.41
ATP
-
strain 547, ATP-diphosphate exchange
0.55
ATP
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange
7.9
ATP
-
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
58
ATP
-
mutant T10M, pH 7.5, 37°C
7.9
L-methionine
-
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
58
L-methionine
-
mutant T10M, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00303
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.00796
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
mutant enzyme S209A/S825A, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.04183
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
mutant enzyme S209D/S825D, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.02
Met
-
strain 547, ATP-diphosphate exchange
0.022
Met
-
methionine-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange
0.078
Met
-
wild-type enzyme
0.48 - 1.63
Met
-
Km-values of various mutant strains
0.0009
tRNAMet
-
wild-type enzyme
0.0039
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
0.0044
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, wild-type
0.0058
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, C-terminally truncated mutant
0.006
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369K/K295D
0.0064
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, mutant D666A
0.0087
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, mutant M665
0.0102
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant KA295V
0.0177
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant K295V
0.018
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369A
0.02
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, wild-type
0.022
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, C-terminally truncated mutant
0.026
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369N
0.029
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, mutant D666A
0.034
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, mutant M665
1
tRNAMet
-
recombinant C-terminally truncated enzyme, 37°C
additional information
additional information
-
Km-values of mutant enzymes in aminoacylation
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-values of mutant enzymes in ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetic parameters for tRNAMet aminoacylation and for MetRS-catalyzed diphosphate exchange of wild-type enzyme and mutants, overview
-
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1.35
(S)-2-aminohex-5-enoic acid
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
2.6
(S)-2-aminohex-5-ynoic acid
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
13.3
L-methionine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
2.15
L-norleucine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
1.82 - 2.94
L-trans-alpha-crotylglycine
0.011 - 0.157
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
additional information
additional information
-
1.82
L-trans-alpha-crotylglycine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
2.94
L-trans-alpha-crotylglycine
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, pH 7.6
3.4
ATP
-
mutant T10M, pH 7.5, 37°C
5.6
ATP
-
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
3.4
L-methionine
-
mutant T10M, pH 7.5, 37°C
5.6
L-methionine
-
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.011
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
mutant enzyme S209A/S825A, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.127
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
mutant enzyme S209D/S825D, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.157
L-methionyl-tRNAMet
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 37°C
0.037
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369A
0.042
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant KA295V
0.05
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369K/K295D
0.11
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant D369N
0.3
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, mutant K295V
1
tRNAMet
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
2 - 8
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, mutant M665
2.8
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, wild-type
3.1
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, mutant D666A
3.3
tRNAMet
-
wild-type enzyme
3.6
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, C-terminally truncated mutant
4.4
tRNAMet
-
aminoacylation reaction, mutant M665
6.85
tRNAMet
-
recombinant C-terminally truncated enzyme, 37°C
23
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, mutant D666A
42
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, wild-type
47
tRNAMet
-
ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction, C-terminally truncated mutant
additional information
additional information
-
turnover numbers of mutant enzymes
-
additional information
additional information
-
turnover numbers of mutant enzymes
-
additional information
additional information
-
in ATP-diphosphate exchange reaction
-
additional information
additional information
-
in aminoacylation
-
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C477S
the mutant shows at least a 2fold increase in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
D369A
the mutant displays at least a 6fold reduction in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
F277L
the mutant displays at least a 6fold reduction in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
L13G
saturation mutagenesis, three mutant clones from screening of a saturation mutagenesis library, the mutants are capable of incorporating the long-chain amino acid azidonorleucine into recombinant proteins with modest efficiency
L13S/Y260L/H301L
MetRS SLL-mutant with modified substrate specificity
Q211
the mutant shows at least a 2fold increase in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
Q213A
the mutant shows at least a 2fold increase in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
T489A
the mutant shows at least a 2fold increase in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
W221A
the mutant displays at least a 6fold reduction in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
W461D
the mutant displays at least a 6fold reduction in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
Y490A
the mutant shows at least a 2fold increase in mismethionylation percentage compared to the wild type enzyme
D369A
-
site-directed mutagenesis in the MetRS SCF, the mutant shows reduced transfer RNA aminoacylation and 125fold loss in tRNAMet aminoacylation efficiency compared to the wild-type enzyme
D369K/K295D
-
site-directed mutagenesis in the MetRS SCF, the mutant shows reduced transfer RNA aminoacylation compared to the wild-type enzyme
D369N
-
site-directed mutagenesis in the MetRS SCF, the mutant shows reduced transfer RNA aminoacylation and 60fold loss in tRNAMet aminoacylation efficiency compared to the wild-type enzyme
D666A
-
activity is similar to the wild-type enzyme
G23A
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
G23P
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
H21N
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
H21Q
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
H24N
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
H24Q
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
H301L
-
saturation mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
K295A
-
site-directed mutagenesis in the MetRS SCF, the mutant shows reduced transfer RNA aminoacylation compared to the wild-type enzyme
K295V
-
site-directed mutagenesis in the MetRS SCF, the mutant shows reduced transfer RNA aminoacylation compared to the wild-type enzyme
K335Q
-
mutants produced by site-directed mutagenesis, Lys335-Gln substitution results in a complete loss of activity, similar loss of activity is observed when Lys335 is changed into alanine, glutamic acid, or arginine
L13N/Y260L/H301L
-
the mutant enzyme enables cells to use the methionine surrogate azidonorleucine in protein synthesis
L13S
-
saturation mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
L22A
-
mutant enzymes: L22A variant, G23A variant, G23P variant, H21N variant, H21Q variant, H24N variant, and H24Q variant, with reduced catalytic efficience and lowered maximal rate
P257X
-
saturation mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
S209A/S825A
-
the mutant shows minimal phosphorylation upon incubation with extracellular signal-related kinase and leads to reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S209D/S825D
-
the mutation mimicks dual phosphorylation and leads to reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
T10M
-
natural mutant, 5% activity compared to the wild-type, complementation of an enzyme-deficient Escherichia coli strain, no inhibition by L-methionine hydroxamate
Y15A
-
natural mutant, very low residual activity, complementation of an enzyme-deficient Escherichia coli strain
Y260L
-
saturation mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y94H
-
natural mutant, unstable, no complementation of an enzyme-deficient Escherichia coli strain
A256X
-
random mutagnesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
A256X
-
random mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M218A
-
random mutagnesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M218A
-
random mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M233I
-
random mutagnesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M233I
-
random mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M78L
-
random mutagnesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M78L
-
random mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M88F
-
random mutagnesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
M88F
-
random mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered amino acid substrate binding compared to the wild-type enzyme
additional information
-
mutant strains with an increased Km for methionine
additional information
-
construction of C-terminal truncated mutant, removal of beta10 strand and insertion of a stop codon at position 666, M665
additional information
-
high-throughput screening for mutant enzymes that enable residue-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids into the recombinant mutant enzymes in the bacterial cells, overview
additional information
-
replacement of amino acids of the MetRS SCF with portions of the structurally similar glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, EC6.1.1.18, motif or with alanine residues. Chimeric variants retain significant tRNA methionylation activity, indicating that structural integrity of the helix-turn-strand-helix motif contributes more to RNA aminoacylation than does amino acid identity. In contrast, chimeras are significantly reduced in methionyl adenylate synthesis, suggesting a role for the SCF in formation of a structured active site domain
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Schmitt, E.; Panvert, M.; Blanquet, S.; Mechulam, Y.
Transition state stabilization by the `high' motif of class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The case of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase
Nucleic Acids Res.
23
4793-4798
1995
Escherichia coli
brenda
Meinnel, T.; Mechulam, Y.; Dardel, F.; Schmitter, J.M.; Hountondji, C.; Brunie, S.; Dessen, P.; Fayat, G.; Blanquet, S.
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli - A review
Biochimie
72
625-632
1990
Escherichia coli
brenda
Fourmy, D.; Dardel, F.; Blanquet, S.
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase zinc binding domain
J. Mol. Biol.
231
1078-1089
1993
Escherichia coli
brenda
Brunie, S.; Zelwer, C.; Risler, J.L.
Crystallographic study at 2.5 A resolution of the interaction of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli with ATP
J. Mol. Biol.
216
411-424
1990
Escherichia coli
brenda
Jakubowski, H.; Goldman, E.
Synthesis of homocysteine thiolactone by methionyl-tRNA synthetase in cultured mammalian cells
FEBS Lett.
317
237-240
1993
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cricetulus griseus, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
brenda
Robert-Gero, M.; Waller, J.P.
Purification of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12 by affinity chromatography
Eur. J. Biochem.
31
315-319
1972
Escherichia coli
brenda
Lawrence, F.
Effect of adenosine on methionyl-tRNA synthetase
Eur. J. Biochem.
40
493-500
1973
Escherichia coli
brenda
Koch, G.L.E.; Bruton, C.J.
The subunit structure of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli
FEBS Lett.
40
180-182
1974
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli EM
brenda
Posorske, L.H.; Cohn, M.; Yanagisawa, N.; Auld, D.S.
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. A zinc metalloprotein
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