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ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
ATP
3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
ATP
cAMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
the cardiac-specific isozyme AC5 plays an important role in regualting heart rate during parabolic flights, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
the C1 and C2 domains form a single ATP-binding at their interface
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
AC1 is a major adenylyl cyclase isoform controlling cyclic AMP synthesis in the mouse retina, dopamine receptor D4R activation tonically regulates the expression of AC1 in photoreceptors
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
activation of cardiac adenylyl cyclase isozyme ACVI expression increases the function of the failing ischemic heart in mice, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a specific role in recovery from adaptive presynaptic silencing, involvement of the cAMP pathway in the basal balance between silenced and active synapses, as well as the recovery of baseline function after depolarization-induced presynaptic silencing, e.g. by glutamate, although isozymes AC1 and AC8 are not crucial for the baseline balance between silent and active synapses, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
capacitative Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane pore-forming component Orai1, i.e. Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ modulator 1 or CRACM1, and stromal interacting molecule 1, STIM1, regulates adenylyl cyclase type 8, other modes of Ca2+ entry, including those activated by arachidonate and the ionophore ionomycin, are ineffective, detailed overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 and activity-dependent postsynaptic AC1-cAMP signaling are required for thalamocortical synapse functional maturation and the development of normal barrel cortex cytoarchitecture, the formation of the gross morphological features of barrels is independent of postsynaptic AC1 in the layer IV barrel cortex. Regulation mechanism, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
cyclic AMP signaling plays a central role in regulating activity at a number of synapses in the brain, Galpha(i2) inhibition of adenylate cyclase regulates presynaptic activity and unmasks cGMP-dependent long-term depression at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses, detailed overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
enzyme regulation in cAMP signalling, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
isozyme AC8 is required for the hippocampus-dependent working/episodic-like memory, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in the upregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluRs, in anterior cingulate cortex neurons probably through cAMP response element-binding protein activation, calcium is critical for the regulation of FMRP by group I mGluRs, overview. Isozyme AC1 may contribute to the activation of CREB caused by stimulating group I mGluRs, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in the upregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluRs, in anterior cingulate cortex neurons probably through cAMP response element-binding protein activation, calcium is critical for the regulation of FMRP by group I mGluRs, overview. Isozyme AC8 may contribute to the activation of CREB caused by stimulating group I mGluRs, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
type 1 adenylyl cyclase is essential for maintenance of remote contextual fear memory
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
the C1 and C2 domains form a single ATP-binding at their interface
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
type 5 adenylyl cyclase plays a major role in stabilizing heart rate in response to microgravity induced by parabolic flight, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
type 5 adenylyl cyclase plays a major role in stabilizing heart rate in response to microgravity induced by parabolic flight, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AC1 is expressed throughout the trigeminal pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
adenylyl cyclase-5 activity in the nucleus accumbens regulates anxiety-related behavior, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
concomitant activation of adenylyl cyclase suppresses the opposite influences of CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists on tyrosine hydroxylase expression, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and cAMP production is involved in somatostatin anti-angiogenic actions, neoangiogenesis is a response to retinal hypoxia that is inhibited by somatostatin through its subtype 2 receptor, sst2, hypoxia increases AC responsiveness, especially of isozyme ACVII, in wild-type retinas and in retinas lacking sst2, but not in sst2-overexpressing retinas, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
netrin-1 does not alter cAMP levels in axons attracted by this cue, and soluble adenylyl cyclase is not required for axon guidance to netrin-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
soluble adenylyl cyclase is an essential component of cAMP-signalling cascades that activate sperm motility and capacitate sperm, but soluble adenylyl cyclase does not have a direct effect on hyperactivation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the complexity of signalling by the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP is enhanced by multiple regulatory susceptibilities of its synthesis by adenylyl cyclases and degradation by phosphodiesterases, ACs receive regulatory signals from multiple sources, such as G-proteins, protein kinases, growth factors and Ca2+
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the light- and dopamine D4 receptor-signaling pathways converge on the type 1 Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase to regulate cyclic AMP synthesis in photoreceptor cells, essential roles of D4 receptors and AC1 in photic control of cyclic AMP in photoreceptor cells, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
additional information
?
-
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
the cardiac-specific isozyme AC5 plays an important role in regualting heart rate during parabolic flights, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
AC1 is a major adenylyl cyclase isoform controlling cyclic AMP synthesis in the mouse retina, dopamine receptor D4R activation tonically regulates the expression of AC1 in photoreceptors
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
activation of cardiac adenylyl cyclase isozyme ACVI expression increases the function of the failing ischemic heart in mice, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a specific role in recovery from adaptive presynaptic silencing, involvement of the cAMP pathway in the basal balance between silenced and active synapses, as well as the recovery of baseline function after depolarization-induced presynaptic silencing, e.g. by glutamate, although isozymes AC1 and AC8 are not crucial for the baseline balance between silent and active synapses, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
capacitative Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane pore-forming component Orai1, i.e. Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ modulator 1 or CRACM1, and stromal interacting molecule 1, STIM1, regulates adenylyl cyclase type 8, other modes of Ca2+ entry, including those activated by arachidonate and the ionophore ionomycin, are ineffective, detailed overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 and activity-dependent postsynaptic AC1-cAMP signaling are required for thalamocortical synapse functional maturation and the development of normal barrel cortex cytoarchitecture, the formation of the gross morphological features of barrels is independent of postsynaptic AC1 in the layer IV barrel cortex. Regulation mechanism, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
cyclic AMP signaling plays a central role in regulating activity at a number of synapses in the brain, Galpha(i2) inhibition of adenylate cyclase regulates presynaptic activity and unmasks cGMP-dependent long-term depression at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses, detailed overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
enzyme regulation in cAMP signalling, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
isozyme AC8 is required for the hippocampus-dependent working/episodic-like memory, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in the upregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluRs, in anterior cingulate cortex neurons probably through cAMP response element-binding protein activation, calcium is critical for the regulation of FMRP by group I mGluRs, overview. Isozyme AC1 may contribute to the activation of CREB caused by stimulating group I mGluRs, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in the upregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluRs, in anterior cingulate cortex neurons probably through cAMP response element-binding protein activation, calcium is critical for the regulation of FMRP by group I mGluRs, overview. Isozyme AC8 may contribute to the activation of CREB caused by stimulating group I mGluRs, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
type 1 adenylyl cyclase is essential for maintenance of remote contextual fear memory
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclase 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
type 5 adenylyl cyclase plays a major role in stabilizing heart rate in response to microgravity induced by parabolic flight, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
type 5 adenylyl cyclase plays a major role in stabilizing heart rate in response to microgravity induced by parabolic flight, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AC1 is expressed throughout the trigeminal pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
adenylyl cyclase-5 activity in the nucleus accumbens regulates anxiety-related behavior, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
concomitant activation of adenylyl cyclase suppresses the opposite influences of CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists on tyrosine hydroxylase expression, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclases 2 and 5 constitutively form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK293 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and cAMP production is involved in somatostatin anti-angiogenic actions, neoangiogenesis is a response to retinal hypoxia that is inhibited by somatostatin through its subtype 2 receptor, sst2, hypoxia increases AC responsiveness, especially of isozyme ACVII, in wild-type retinas and in retinas lacking sst2, but not in sst2-overexpressing retinas, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
netrin-1 does not alter cAMP levels in axons attracted by this cue, and soluble adenylyl cyclase is not required for axon guidance to netrin-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
soluble adenylyl cyclase is an essential component of cAMP-signalling cascades that activate sperm motility and capacitate sperm, but soluble adenylyl cyclase does not have a direct effect on hyperactivation
-
-
?
additional information
?
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-
the complexity of signalling by the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP is enhanced by multiple regulatory susceptibilities of its synthesis by adenylyl cyclases and degradation by phosphodiesterases, ACs receive regulatory signals from multiple sources, such as G-proteins, protein kinases, growth factors and Ca2+
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-
?
additional information
?
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the light- and dopamine D4 receptor-signaling pathways converge on the type 1 Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase to regulate cyclic AMP synthesis in photoreceptor cells, essential roles of D4 receptors and AC1 in photic control of cyclic AMP in photoreceptor cells, overview
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-
?
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2',5'-dideoxy-3'-ATP
a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview
Ca2+
calcium-inhibited AC5 isozyme
inhibitory G protein
isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+ -inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6. G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview
-
(4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)acetic acid
-
i.e. PMC-4, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 6.998 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.117 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.22 mM
2'(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio-]triphosphate
-
inhibits AC5, reduces basal L-type Ca2+ currents as a function of time, significantly and almost completely diminishes the increase of L-type Ca2+ currents due to isoproterenol, basal and isoproterenol-stimulated inhibition of L-type Ca2+ currents is concentration-dependent
2'(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-ITP
-
most potent inhibitor of heart adenylyl cyclase and recombinant AC5
2',5'-dideoxy-3'-ATP
a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview
2-(4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)-N-hydroxyacetamide
-
i.e. PMC-3, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 3.76 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.098 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.076 mM
2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
-
i.e. Ara-Ade, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 7.202 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.375 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.0098mM
2-amino-7-(2-furyl)-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one
-
i.e. RS-2 or NKY80, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 2.63 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.2264 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.015 mM
2-amino-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one
-
i.e.RS-4, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 6.61 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 1.988 mM
2-amino-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one
-
i.e. RS-1, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 2.64 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 1.32 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 1.95 mM
2-amino-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one
-
i.e. RS-3, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 6.31 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.56 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.21 mM
3'-AMP
-
type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.263 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.030 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.015 mM
3-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxamide
-
i.e. PMC-6, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.065 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.011 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.00032 mM
4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-hydroxybutanamide
-
i.e. PMC-2, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.32 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.13 mM
4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-hydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxamide
-
i.e. PMC-5, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 6.02 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.137 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.046 mM
5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-hydroxypentanamide
-
i.e. PMC-1, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 1.303 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.154 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.030 mM
5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
-
i.e. 2'5'-dd-Ado, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 2.382 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.253 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.0016 mM
9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-amine
-
i.e. SQ22536, type 2 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.285 mM, type 3 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.101 mM, type 5 enzyme, 50% inhibition at 0.0022 mM
9-CPA
-
a adenylate cyclase P-site inhibitor
BAPTA
-
inhibits calcium-stimulated AC
carbamazepine
-
carbamazepine preferentially inhibits forskolin-stimulated isoforms AC5 and AC1 and all D1 agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclases, with isoforms AC5 and AC7 being the most sensitive. When compared to 1 or 3 mM Mg2+, 10 mM Mg2+ reduces lithium-induced AC5 inhibition by 70%. Carbamazepine competes for adenylate cylcase's catechol-estrogen site
cytidine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
-
delta opioid receptor agonist DPDPE
-
i..e. d-Pen2,d-Pen5 enkephalin, delta opioid receptor agonist, 0.001 mM significantly represses forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity
-
delta opioid receptor agonist DT II
-
i.e.(d-Ala2)-deltorphin II, delta opioid receptor agonist, 0.001 mM significantly represses forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity
-
Gi GTP-binding protein
-
inhibitory G-protein signaling acts presynaptically to regulate release, and, when paired with elevations in the concentration of cyclic GMP, converts a transient cyclic GMP-induced depression into a long-lasting decrease in release, overview
-
Gialpha
-
inhibits AC5 and AC6
-
guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
-
guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
-
inosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
-
inosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
-
Li+
-
lithium preferentially inhibits adenylyl cyclase V and VII isoforms, moderately also isozyme AC-II, but does not inhibit Ca2+-activated isozymes AC-I and AC-VIII, it interferes with the transduction pathways mediated via isozymes AC-V and AC-IIV. The inhibitor effect is abolished for the superactivated isozyme, overview
lithium
-
lithium preferentially inhibits isoform AC5, lithium competes with Mg2+, which is essential for adenylate cyclase activity
NKY80
-
selective adenylyl cyclase-V inhibitor, completely blocks both 5,5'-dimethyl-1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acidstimulated cAMP formation and renin release
NO
-
inhibits forskolin- and Galphas-stimulated activity of recombinant AC5 and AC6, but neither AC1 nor AC2 in N18TG2 cells
opioid receptor agonist DAMGO
-
i.e. (d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol)enkephalin, micro opioid receptor agonist, 0.001 mM significantly represses forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity
-
quinpirole
-
inhibits the enzyme via Gi protein
SQ 22536
-
adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, blocks both generation of cAMP and the release of renin, completely blocks 5,5'-dimethyl-1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acidstimulated renin release and cAMP content
SQ22536
-
a adenylate cyclase P-site inhibitor
U50488H
-
kappa opioid receptor agonist
U69593
-
kappa opioid receptor agonist
uridine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
-
uridine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
-
xanthosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
-
xanthosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
-
Ca2+
-
-
Ca2+
-
addition of Ca2+ to cells which have been depleted of intracellular Ca2+ markedly suppress cAMP synthesis by AC9
Ca2+
-
Ca2+ stimulates transmembrane isozymes AC1 and AC8 via calmodulin, and inhibits AC5 and AC6 directly
Ca2+
-
inhibits isoforms AC5 and AC6, but not isoform AC4
Ca2+
-
inhibits isoform AC6
inhibitory G protein
AC1 activity is regulated by both Ca2+ and G proteins
-
inhibitory G protein
-
Galphai subunits contribute to the reduction of adenylyl cyclase activity after either forskolin or GalphaS activation
-
inhibitory G protein
isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+-inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6. G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview
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additional information
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inhibition studies of the purified catalytic subunits in the presence of forskolin
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additional information
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inhibition of NO, superoxide and or prostaglandin formation does not affect vasopressin-stimulated cAMP accumulation
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additional information
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cyclic AMP levels in photoreceptor cells are highest in darkness and reduced by light exposure, dopamine D4 receptor activation promotes light adaptation and suppresses the light-sensitive pool of cyclic AMP in photoreceptor cells
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additional information
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foscarnet, a diphosphate analogue, is able to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in uninfected rat cardiac myocytes, but does not inhibit recombinant AC activity in murine isozyme ACVI virus-infected myocytes
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additional information
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inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, especially of isozyme ACVII, is involved in somatostatin anti-angiogenic actions
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additional information
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isozyme AC8 is neither stimulated by Gs nor inhibited by Gi
-
additional information
isozyme AC8 is neither stimulated by Gs nor inhibited by Gi
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additional information
netrin-1 does not alter cAMP levels in axons attracted by this cue
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additional information
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valproate does not affect any forskolin- or D1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase
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0.033 - 0.071
cytidine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
2.4 - 3
guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
0.4 - 0.41
guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
0.35 - 0.48
inosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
0.02 - 0.021
inosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
2.5 - 2.8
uridine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
0.015 - 0.051
uridine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
10
xanthosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
0.02 - 0.025
xanthosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
1
CTP
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
2.9
CTP
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.033
cytidine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.071
cytidine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.44
GTP
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.67
GTP
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
2.4
guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
3
guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.4
guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.41
guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.35
inosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.48
inosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.02
inosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.021
inosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.6
ITP
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.99
ITP
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
2.5
uridine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
2.8
uridine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.015
uridine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.051
uridine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
1.1
UTP
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
2.2
UTP
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
10
xanthosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
10
xanthosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.02
xanthosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.025
xanthosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
0.55
XTP
-
S49 cyc-, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin
0.95
XTP
-
Sf9, Mn2+, 100 microM forskolin, 10 mM NaF, 10 microM AlCl3
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dimer
adenylate cyclases 2 and 5 can form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK-293 cells
?
-
x * 171000, immunoblot, full length sAC
dimer
adenylate cyclases 2 and 5 can form a functional heterodimeric complex in HEK-293 cells
monomer
-
1 * 46000, immunoblot, truncated sAC resulting from alternative splicing
additional information
-
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
-
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
additional information
topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview
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Y1082L
-
mutation in AC9 confers both binding and activation by forskolin
additional information
construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
-
construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC5 knockout mice. AC5KO mice show striking anxiolytic and antidepressant phenotypes on standard behavioral assays, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC5 knockout mice. AC5KO mice show striking anxiolytic and antidepressant phenotypes on standard behavioral assays, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC5 knockout mice. AC5KO mice show striking anxiolytic and antidepressant phenotypes on standard behavioral assays, phenotype, overview
additional information
generation of transgenic mice with disrupted AC5 or overexpressing AC5, the latter type shows less decreased heart rate in later phases within one parabola, the inverse heart rate is more variable in AC5 knockout mice and less variable in AC5 overexpressing mice compared to wild-type mice, overview
additional information
-
generation of transgenic mice with disrupted AC5 or overexpressing AC5, the latter type shows less decreased heart rate in later phases within one parabola, the inverse heart rate is more variable in AC5 knockout mice and less variable in AC5 overexpressing mice compared to wild-type mice, overview
additional information
-
AC5-/- mice, all of the major behavioral effects of morphine, including locomotor activation, analgesia, tolerance, reward, and physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms, are attenuated. Sniffing, ptosis, teeth chattering, and body tremor are markedly reduced, diarrhea and paw tremor are not significantly different, the number of jumps is dramatically increased. Behavioral effects of selective micro or delta opioid receptor agonists are lost, behavioral effects of selective kappa opioid receptor agonists are unaffected. Loss of AC5 does not alter expression levels of opioid receptor transcripts
additional information
-
AC5-deficient (AC5-/-) mice, reduction of basal L-type Ca2+ currents is significantly less pronounced than in wild-type myocytes, isoproterenol effects on L-type Ca2+ currents are mitigated
additional information
-
deletion of sAC, leads to inhibition of sperm mobility, animals are infertile, AC3 knockout mice, exhibit peripheral and behavioral anosmia
additional information
-
homozygous mutants AC1KO, AC8KO and AC1/AC8KO
additional information
-
knockout of sAC in mice causes male sterility by impaired sperm motility, while spermatogenesis is not affected
additional information
-
mice deficient in AC1, are resistant to glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity, double knock-out AC1 and AC8 mice, show long lasting long-term potentiation and memory deficits that are greater in animals lacking both AC1 and AC8, when compared to animals deficient in only a single isoform. Behavioral responses to inflammatory stimuli that appear to involve N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor pathways are markedly reduced in double knockouts and AC1-/- mice. AC1-/- mice are resistant to glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity
additional information
-
mice with collecting duct-specific deletion of endothelin-1, mRNA or protein levels of AC3 not affected, increased protein levels of AC5/6, AC5 and AC6 mRNA levels are unchanged, show enhanced vasopressin-stimulated cAMP accumulation
additional information
-
sAC-/- spermatozoa, adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP content are greatly diminished and are undetectable after sperm purification. HCO3- is unable to rapidly accelerate the flagellar beat or facilitate evoked Ca2+ entry into sAC-/- spermatozoa. However, sAC-/- sperm fertilize zona-free oocytes
additional information
-
AC1 mutant mouse, barrelless, lacks typical barrel cytoarchitecture, and displays presynaptic and postsynaptic functional defects at thalamocortical synapses, in which LTP induction and the developmental increase in AMPA receptor response at thalamocortical synapses are impaired. The barrel cortex phenotype of brl mice may be a consequence of AC1 disruption in cortical or subcortical regions
additional information
-
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
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Adcy1-/- mice lack the type 1 adenylyl cyclase, no compensatory changes in the levels of transcripts encoding the related type 8 adenylyl cyclase isoform in retinas of mice deficient in AC1, phenotype of AC1-deficient mice, overview. A dysfunction of Ca2+/CaM-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in Drd4-/-mouse retina appears to be due primarily to low levels of expression of the AC1 and not to changes in CaM expression
additional information
construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
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construction of a chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5, which shows increased activation by GalphaS proteins as compared to the single isozymes AC2 and AC5, expression of the chimeric dimer elevates cAMP production in transfected cells 6fold, while that of the single isozymes each cause a 2fold increase in cAMP production, overview
additional information
construction of AC1 and AC1/8 double knockout mice, AC1 knockout mice exhibit reduced opiate, e.g. morphine, dependence on the basis of attenuated withdrawal, however, partially distinct withdrawal symptoms are affected in the two lines. The ability of chronic morphine to enhance the effect of forskolin on LC firing rates is completely abolished in AC8 and AC1/8 deficient mutants, morphine regulation of gene expression in locus coeruleus of AC1 KO mice, overview
additional information
construction of AC1 and AC1/8 double knockout mice, AC1 knockout mice exhibit reduced opiate, e.g. morphine, dependence on the basis of attenuated withdrawal, however, partially distinct withdrawal symptoms are affected in the two lines. The ability of chronic morphine to enhance the effect of forskolin on LC firing rates is completely abolished in AC8 and AC1/8 deficient mutants, morphine regulation of gene expression in locus coeruleus of AC1 KO mice, overview
additional information
construction of AC8 knockout and AC1/8 double knockout mice, that exhibit reduced opiate, e.g. morphine, dependence on the basis of attenuated withdrawal, however, partially distinct withdrawal symptoms are affected in the two lines. The ability of chronic morphine to enhance the effect of forskolin on LC firing rates is completely abolished in AC8 and AC1/8 deficient mutants, morphine regulation of gene expression in locus coeruleus of AC8 KO mice, overview
additional information
construction of AC8 knockout and AC1/8 double knockout mice, that exhibit reduced opiate, e.g. morphine, dependence on the basis of attenuated withdrawal, however, partially distinct withdrawal symptoms are affected in the two lines. The ability of chronic morphine to enhance the effect of forskolin on LC firing rates is completely abolished in AC8 and AC1/8 deficient mutants, morphine regulation of gene expression in locus coeruleus of AC8 KO mice, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice and AC5 knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice and AC5 knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice and AC5 knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of male and female AC1/8 double knockout mice. AC1/AC8 double knockout mice are hypoactive, exhibit diminished sucrose preference, and display alterations in neurotrophic signaling, generally consistent with a prodepressant phenotype. Neither line of mice display alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation, but altered BDNF signaling, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of sAC knock-out mice containing an internal ribosome entry site-LacZ/neomycin cassette that replaces exons 2-4, deleting sequence encoding a portion of the C1 domain of sAC, the C1 domain combines with C2 to form the cyclase catalytic domain. RNA transcription proceeds through the inserted IRES-LacZ/neomycin cassette and mRNAencoding C2 is produced, but not the C1 region in testis of adult sAC-null mice, but due to the frameshift of the transgene intro the C2 portions of sAC are not translated and neither sAC protein nor its activity are detectable in testis and spermatozoa of knock-out animals, overview. sAC-null mice do not exhibit any obvious neurological deficits
additional information
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double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation
additional information
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genetic disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 in mice leads to one-third longer live spans of the mutant mice compared to the wild-type mice, and protection from aging-induced, pressure overload-induced and catecholamine-induced stresses, AC5 KO mice are protected from the osteoporosis of aging, overview
additional information
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in cells from mice doubly deficient in isozymes AC1 and AC8, the baseline percentage of active synapses is only modestly reduced compared with wild-type synapses, and forskolin unsilencing is similar in the two genotypes, but after strong presynaptic silencing, recovery of normal function is strongly inhibited in AC1/AC8-deficient synapses, the entire recovery phenotype of the double null is reproduced in AC8-deficient but not in AC1-deficient cells, overview
additional information
increase of Fmr1 mRNA is attenuated in ACC slices from AC1 KO mice compared to wild-type mice, and induced phosphorylation of CREB is significantly attenuated in ACC slices from AC1 KO mice compared with WT mice
additional information
increase of Fmr1 mRNA is attenuated in ACC slices from AC1 KO mice compared to wild-type mice, and induced phosphorylation of CREB is significantly attenuated in ACC slices from AC1 KO mice compared with WT mice
additional information
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mice lacking AC5 display strong reductions in anxiety-like behavior in several paradigms. This anxiolytic behavior in AC5-deficient mice is reduced by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and enhanced by the D1 dopamine receptor agonist, dihydrexidine or DHX. DHX-stimulated c-fos induction was enhanced in the dorso-medial striatum and NAc in AC5-deficient mice, phenotype, overview. siRNA-mediated inhibition of AC5 levels within the NAc is sufficient to produce an anxiolytic-like response, causing upregulation of prodynorphin and downregulation of cholecystokinin in the NAc of AC5-deficient mice, the effect is reversible by administration of nor-binaltorphimine, a kappa opioid receptor antagonist, or CCK-8s, a CCK receptor agonist, overview
additional information
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mice overexpressing AC1 show superior remote contextual memory even though they exhibit normal hippocampus-dependent contextual memory, AC1 knockout mice show lower remote memory 11 weeks, but not within the first 5 weeks, after training compared with wild-type mice, phenotypes, overview
additional information
sperm from Sacy null mice are immotile or weakly motile, but their motility is activated by the cAMP analogues N6,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate acetoxymethyl ester activated motility. Ca2+ cannot substitute for cAMP analogues in activating motility in the mutant, overview
additional information
the basal phosphorylation levels of CREB are not changed in ACC slices from AC8 KO mice
additional information
the basal phosphorylation levels of CREB are not changed in ACC slices from AC8 KO mice
additional information
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the Ca2+-stimulated enzyme activity is significantly reduced in the hippocampus of isozyme AC1 KO mice and totally lost in double-knockout AC1/AC8 mutant mice, phenotypes, overview
additional information
the Ca2+-stimulated enzyme activity is significantly reduced in the hippocampus of isozyme AC1 KO mice and totally lost in double-knockout AC1/AC8 mutant mice, phenotypes, overview
additional information
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the Ca2+-stimulated enzyme activity is significantly reduced in the hippocampus of isozyme AC8 KO mice and totally lost in double-knockout AC1/AC8 mutant mice, isozyme AC8 KO mice display more dramatic impairments for the improvement in escape latency, saving time, and trial numbers needed to reach the escape latency criterion of 20 s compared to wild-type mice, phenotypes, overview
additional information
the Ca2+-stimulated enzyme activity is significantly reduced in the hippocampus of isozyme AC8 KO mice and totally lost in double-knockout AC1/AC8 mutant mice, isozyme AC8 KO mice display more dramatic impairments for the improvement in escape latency, saving time, and trial numbers needed to reach the escape latency criterion of 20 s compared to wild-type mice, phenotypes, overview
additional information
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transgenic mice that express a mutant, constitutively active inhibitory G protein, Galpha12, in principal neurons of the forebrain, show markedly enhanced long-term depression and impaired late-phase long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral synapses, with no associated differences in input/output relations, paired-pulse facilitation, or NMDA receptor-gated conductances
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Watson, P.A.; Krupinski, J.; Kempinski, A.M.; Frankenfeld, C.D.
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Cricetulus griseus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
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Decreased intracellular calcium stimulates renin release via calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase
Hypertension
49
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2007
Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57/B6
brenda
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Adenylyl cyclase isoform v mediates renin release from juxtaglomerular cells
Hypertension
49
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2007
Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57/B6
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Homo sapiens, Macaca sp., Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus C57BL/6
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Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57/BL6J
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Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57BL/6
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Mus musculus (O88444), Mus musculus (P84309), Mus musculus (P97490)
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Mus musculus (P84309), Mus musculus (Q80TL1), Mus musculus
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Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57/BL6J
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Mus musculus
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Mus musculus (Q8C0T9), Rattus norvegicus (Q9Z286)
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Mus musculus (O88444), Mus musculus (P97490)
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Mus musculus, Mus musculus (P97490), Mus musculus C57BL/6, Mus musculus C57BL/6 (P97490)
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Moulder, K.L.; Jiang, X.; Chang, C.; Taylor, A.A.; Benz, A.M.; Conti, A.C.; Muglia, L.J.; Mennerick, S.
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28
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Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
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Iwasato, T.; Inan, M.; Kanki, H.; Erzurumlu, R.S.; Itohara, S.; Crair, M.C.
Cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 is required for thalamocortical synapse maturation and aspects of layer IV barrel development
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28
5931-5943
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Mus musculus
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Bailey, C.P.; Nicholls, R.E.; Zhang, X.L.; Zhou, Z.Y.; Mueller, W.; Kandel, E.R.; Stanton, P.K.
Galpha(i2) inhibition of adenylate cyclase regulates presynaptic activity and unmasks cGMP-dependent long-term depression at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses
Learn. Mem.
15
261-270
2008
Mus musculus
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Martin, A.C.; Willoughby, D.; Ciruela, A.; Ayling, L.J.; Pagano, M.; Wachten, S.; Tengholm, A.; Cooper, D.M.
Capacitative Ca2+ entry via Orai1 and STIM1 regulates adenylyl cyclase type 8
Mol. Pharmacol.
75
830-842
2009
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus (P40146)
brenda
Ristori, C.; Ferretti, M.E.; Pavan, B.; Cervellati, F.; Casini, G.; Catalani, E.; Dal Monte, M.; Biondi, C.
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33
1247-1255
2008
Mus musculus
brenda
Sadana, R.; Dessauer, C.W.
Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies
Neurosignals
17
5-22
2009
Mammalia, Mus musculus, Mus musculus (O88444), Mus musculus (P51829), Mus musculus (P84309), Mus musculus (P97490), Mus musculus (Q01341), Mus musculus (Q80TL1), Mus musculus (Q8VHH7)
brenda
Marquez, B.; Suarez, S.S.
Soluble adenylyl cyclase is required for activation of sperm but does not have a direct effect on hyperactivation
Reprod. Fertil. Dev.
20
247-252
2008
Mus musculus (Q8C0T9)
brenda
von Hayn, K.; Werthmann, R.C.; Nikolaev, V.O.; Hommers, L.G.; Lohse, M.J.; Buenemann, M.
Gq-mediated Ca2+ signals inhibit adenylyl cyclases 5/6 in vascular smooth muscle cells
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.
298
C324-C332
2010
Mus musculus
brenda
Strait, K.A.; Stricklett, P.K.; Chapman, M.; Kohan, D.E.
Characterization of vasopressin-responsive collecting duct adenylyl cyclases in the mouse
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
298
F859-F867
2010
Mus musculus
brenda
Mann, L.; Heldman, E.; Bersudsky, Y.; Vatner, S.F.; Ishikawa, Y.; Almog, O.; Belmaker, R.H.; Agam, G.
Inhibition of specific adenylyl cyclase isoforms by lithium and carbamazepine, but not valproate, may be related to their antidepressant effect
Bipolar. Disord.
11
885-896
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Goettle, M.; Geduhn, J.; Koenig, B.; Gille, A.; Hoecherl, K.; Seifert, R.
Characterization of mouse heart adenylyl cyclase
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
329
1156-1165
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Blount, M.
A timely characterization of vasopressin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase isoforms in the mouse inner medullary collecting duct
Am. J. Physiol.
298
F857-F858
2010
Mus musculus
brenda
Sugano, Y.; Lai, N.C.; Gao, M.H.; Firth, A.L.; Yuan, J.X.; Lew, W.Y.; Hammond, H.K.
Activated expression of cardiac adenylyl cyclase 6 reduces dilation and dysfunction of the pressure-overloaded heart
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
405
349-355
2011
Mus musculus
brenda
Zhao, Z.; Babu, G.; Wen, H.; Fefelova, N.; Gordan, R.; Sui, X.; Yan, L.; Vatner, D.; Vatner, S.; Xie, L.
Overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) confers a proarrhythmic substrate to the heart
Am. J. Physiol.
308
H240-H249
2015
Mus musculus (P84309)
brenda
Tong, R.; Wade, R.; Bruce, N.
Comparative electrostatic analysis of adenylyl cyclase for isoform dependent regulation properties
Proteins
84
1844-1858
2016
Mus musculus (O88444), Mus musculus (P51829), Mus musculus (P51830), Mus musculus (P84309), Mus musculus (P97490), Mus musculus (Q01341), Mus musculus (Q80TL1), Mus musculus (Q8VHH7), Mus musculus (Q91WF3)
brenda