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Information on EC 4.2.3.12 - 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession Q03393

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EC Tree
     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.3 Acting on phosphates
                4.2.3.12 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase
IUBMB Comments
Catalyses triphosphate elimination and an intramolecular redox reaction in the presence of Mg2+. It has been identified in human liver. This enzyme is involved in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP, with the other enzymes involved being EC 1.1.1.153 (sepiapterin reductase) and EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) .
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: Q03393
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
ptps, 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, ptp synthase, eptps, ptps-iii, pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, sco 6650, 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase, ph0634, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
2-amino-4-oxo-6-(erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydroxypterdine triphosphate lyase
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-
-
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6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)tetrahydropterin synthase
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6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase
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6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase
6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [16-cysteine] (human clone lamda HSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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-
-
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6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [25-glutamine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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-
-
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6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [de-57-valine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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PPH4 synthase
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PPH4S
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-
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protein purple
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PTP synthase
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pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase
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synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin
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-
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synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [16-cysteine] (human clone lamda HSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [25-glutamine] (human clone lamdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [87-leucine] (human clone lamdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [de-57-valine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
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-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
the enzyme catalyzes the elimination of triphosphate as well as a series of tautomerization reactions. Incorporation of protons into positions C6 and C3' of the product
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
P-O bond cleavage
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-
-
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intramolecular redox reaction
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triphosphate elimination
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cleavage of triphosphate bond
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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-, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate triphosphate-lyase (6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin-forming)
Catalyses triphosphate elimination and an intramolecular redox reaction in the presence of Mg2+. It has been identified in human liver. This enzyme is involved in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP, with the other enzymes involved being EC 1.1.1.153 (sepiapterin reductase) and EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) [3].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
171716-27-1
synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [16-cysteine] (human clone lamda HSY2 gene PCBD subunit) /6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [16-cysteine] (human clone lambda HSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
171716-28-2
synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [25-glutamine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit) /6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [25-glutamine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
171716-29-3
synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [de-57-valine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit) /6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase [de-57-valine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
171716-30-6
synthase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin [87-leucine] (human clone lambdaHSY2 gene PCBD subunit)
97089-82-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
assay at
-
?
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate
show the reaction diagram
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADPH
-
required
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mg2+
necessary for activity
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4-Vinylpyridine
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95% inactivation under non-denaturating and non-reducing conditions
additional information
-
L-monapterin does not inhibit activity
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
dithioerythritol
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increased catalytic activity with 10 mM
additional information
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.012
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
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0.0124
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
90 KDa protein pH 7.4, 37ºC
0.0055 - 0.0308
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
0.0085 - 0.011
7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.01 - 0.032
6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl 3-triphosphate)-7,8-dihydropterin
additional information
dihydroneopterin triphosphate
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0.080 mU/min/mg
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.00023
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SSCR activity
0.000611
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during the third trimester, enzyme assays at 37°C and pH 7.4
0.000714
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during the first trimester, enzyme assays at 37°C and pH 7.4
0.000782
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during the second trimester, enzyme assays at 37°C and pH 7.4
0.01303
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PTPS activity
0.0253 - 0.0255
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pH 7.4, 37ºC, no differences observed in the enzyme activity between pregnant and non-pregnant women
0.044
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R16C mutant enzyme
0.0574
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0.074
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R25Q mutant enzyme
0.077
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0.129
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S19A mutant enzyme
57.4
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-
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, 65% homology with rat enzyme
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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tissue from normal pregnant women
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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cells from patients with BH4 deficiency
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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heat instability, it is present in the anterior pituitary endothelial cells but not in posterior pituitary
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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neuroblastoma cells, CRL 2271
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PTPS_HUMAN
145
0
16386
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
17000
90000
gel filtration
16000
16199
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x * 16199, mutant protein R16C, electrospray mass spectrometry
16224
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x * 16224, mutant protein R25Q, electrospray mass spectrometry
16254
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6 * 16254, electron-ionization mass spectrometry
16255
16257
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5 * 16257, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
16500
19000
47000
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3 * 47000, SDS-PAGE
68000
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gel filtration
83000
97000
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6 * 97000, SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
4 * 17000, SDS-PAGE
dimer
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2 * or 1 * 16255, wild-type enzyme occurs as monomeric or dimeric form, electrospray mass spectrometry
hexamer
monomer
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1 * or 2 * 16255, wild-type enzyme occurs as monomeric or dimeric form, electrospray mass spectrometry
pentamer
tetramer
trimer
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3 * 47000, SDS-PAGE
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
glycoprotein
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-
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
X-ray crystallography
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C10A
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50% decrease in activity
D96N
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mutant enzyme that causes PTPS deficiency
Delta1-11
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Flag-tag fused PTPS with N-terminal deletion, 97% decrease in activity
DELTA119-145
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Flag-tag fused PTPS with C-terminal deletion, no detectable activity, no more nuclear staining
DELTA143-145
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Flag-tag fused PTPS with C-terminal deletion, no detectable activity, no more nuclear staining
DELTAV57
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mutant enzyme DELTAV57 is incorrectly folded and thus unstable
K143A
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35% decrease in activity
P87L
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phosphorylated, 30% of activity of wild type enzyme
R25G
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mutant enzyme that causes PTPS deficiency
R87L
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has substantial activity but enhanced sensitivity to local unfolding
T106M
-
mutant enzyme that causes PTPS deficiency
V56M
-
mutant enzyme that causes PTPS deficiency
V70D
-
mutant enzyme that causes PTPS deficiency
additional information
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
the human pituitary gland enzyme is heat instable in contrast to the enzyme from human, rat and salmon liver, and Drosophila heads
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
stable at all steps of purification
-
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20ºC and -70ºC, Tris HCl, several months, stable
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-70°C, stable for several months
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
affinity chromatography, gel filtration
affinity chromatography, gel filtration , SDS-PAGE
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affinity chromatography, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE
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ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A50 column
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ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite column, gel filtration, DEAE-Fractogel 650S column, SDS-PAGE
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extraction, chromatography on an amylose resin column
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloned in Escherichia coli
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed as maltose-binding-6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin-synthase fusion protein
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expression in Cos-1 cells
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expression in Escherichia coli
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expression in Escherichia coli and COS-1 cells, wild-type enzyme and 4 naturally occurring mutants
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
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lack of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to hyperphenylalaninemia and a deficiency of biogenic amine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin and severe progressive mental retardation
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Thny, B.; Leimbacher, W.; Blau, N.; Heizmann, C.W.; Burgisser, D.
Human liver 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase: expression of the cDNA, purification and preliminary characterization of the recombinant protein
Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
338
187-190
1993
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Guzman, J.; Redweik, U.; Schoedon, G.; Hunziker, P.; Wiestler, O.D.; Heizmann, C.W.; Blau, N.
Purification and characterization of 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase from human pituitary gland
Enzyme
46
287-298
1992
Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Salmo salar
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Takikawa, S.; Curtius, H.Ch.; Redweik, U.; Ghisla, S.
Purification of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase from human liver
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
134
646-651
1986
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ashida, A.; Hatakeyama, K.; Kagamiyama, H.
cDNA cloning, expression in Escherichia coli and purification of human 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
195
1386-1393
1993
Homo sapiens (Q03393), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Auerbach, G.; Nar, H.
The pathway from GTP to tetrahydropterin: three-dimensional structures of GTP cyclohydrolase I and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase
Biol. Chem.
378
185-192
1997
Bombyx mori, Bos taurus, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus (P27213)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Burgisser, D.M.; Thny, B.; Redweik, U.; Hunziker, P.; Heizmann, C.W.; Blau, N.
Expression and characterization of recombinant human and rat liver 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase. Modified cysteine residues inhibit the enzyme activity
Eur. J. Biochem.
219
497-502
1994
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Oppliger, T.; Thny, B.; Nar, H.; Burgisser, D.; Huber, R.; Heizmann, C.W.; Blau, N.
Structural and functional consequences of mutations in 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase causing hyperphenylalaninemia in humans
J. Biol. Chem.
270
29498-29506
1995
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Takikawa, S.; Curtius, H.C.; Redweik, U.; Leimbacher, W.; Ghisla, S.
Biosynthesis of tetrahydropterin. Purification and characterization of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase from human liver
Eur. J. Biochem.
161
295-302
1986
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Woo, H.J.; Hwang, Y.K.; Kim, Y.J.; Kang, J.Y.; Choi, Y.K.; Kim, C.G.; Park, Y.S.
Escherichia coli 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase ortholog encoded by ygcM has a new catalytic activity for conversion of sepiapterin to 7,8-dihydropterin
FEBS Lett.
523
234-238
2002
Synechocystis sp., Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Scherer-Oppliger, T.; Leimbacher, W.; Blau, N.; Thony, B.
Serine 19 of human 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase is phosphorylated by cGMP protein kinase II
J. Biol. Chem.
274
31341-31348
1999
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Leitner, K.L.; Meyer, M.; Leimbacher, W.; Peterbauer, A.; Hofer, S.; Heufler, C.; Mueller, A.; Heller, R.; Werner, E.R.; Thoeny, B.; Werner-Felmayer, G.
Low tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic capacity of human monocytes is caused by exon skipping in 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase
Biochem. J.
373
681-688
2003
Homo sapiens (Q03393), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bracher, A.; Eisenreich, W.; Schramek, N.; Ritz, H.; Gotze, E.; Herrmann, A.; Gutlich, M.; Bacher, A.
Biosynthesis of pteridines. NMR studies on the reaction mechanisms of GTP cyclohydrolase I, pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, and sepiapterin reductase
J. Biol. Chem.
273
28132-28141
1998
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Linscheid, P.; Schaffner, A.; Blau, N.; Schoedon, G.
Regulation of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity and messenger RNA abundance in human vascular endothelial cells
Circulation
98
1703-1706
1998
Homo sapiens (Q03393), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Liu, T.T.; Hsiao, K.J.; Lu, S.F.; Wu, S.J.; Wu, K.F.; Chiang, S.H.; Liu, X.Q.; Chen, R.G.; Yu, W.M.
Mutation analysis of the 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase gene in Chinese hyperphenylalaninemia caused by tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis deficiency
Hum. Mutat.
11
76-83
1998
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tachibana, D.; Fukumasu, H.; Shintaku, H.; Fukumasu, Y.; Yamamasu, S.; Ishiko, O.; Yamano, T.; Ogita, S.
Decreased plasma tetrahydrobiopterin in pregnant women is caused by impaired 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase activity
Int. J. Mol. Med.
9
49-52
2002
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Elzaouk, L.; Laufs, S.; Heerklotz, D.; Leimbacher, W.; Blau, N.; Resibois, A.; Thoeny, B.
Nuclear localization of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic enzymes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1670
56-68
2004
Chlorocebus aethiops, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Franscini, N.; Bachli, E.B.; Blau, N.; Fischler, M.; Walter, R.B.; Schaffner, A.; Schoedon, G.
Functional tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in human platelets
Circulation
110
186-192
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Iwanaga, N.; Yamamasu, S.I.; Tachibana, D.; Nishio, J.; Nakai, Y.; Shintaku, H.; Ishiko, O.
Activity of synthetic enzymes of tetrahydrobiopterin in the human placenta
Int. J. Mol. Med.
13
117-120
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Thoeny, B.; Blau, N.
Mutations in the BH4-metabolizing genes GTP cyclohydrolase I, 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, sepiapterin reductase, carbinolamine-4a-dehydratase, and dihydropteridine reductase
Hum. Mutat.
27
870-878
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sato, K.; Sumi-Ichinose, C.; Kaji, R.; Ikemoto, K.; Nomura, T.; Nagatsu, I.; Ichinose, H.; Ito, M.; Sako, W.; Nagahiro, S.; Graybiel, A.M.; Goto, S.
Differential involvement of striosome and matrix dopamine systems in a transgenic model of dopa-responsive dystonia
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
105
12551-12556
2008
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Park, E.H.; Lee, W.H.; Jang, M.H.; Kim, M.D.
Optimization of expression conditions enhances production of sepiapterin, a precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, in recombinant Escherichia coli
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
25
1709-1713
2015
Homo sapiens (Q03393), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team