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Information on EC 4.2.1.91 - arogenate dehydratase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession O22241

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EC Tree
     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
                4.2.1.91 arogenate dehydratase
IUBMB Comments
Also acts on prephenate and D-prephenyllactate. cf. EC 4.2.1.51, prephenate dehydratase.
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: O22241
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
arogenate dehydratase, cyclohexadienyl dehydratase, atadt1, atadt2, atadt6, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
arogenate dehydratase isoform 4
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arogenate dehydratase
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-
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arogenate dehydratase isoform 1
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arogenate dehydratase isoform 2
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arogenate dehydratase isoform 3
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arogenate dehydratase isoform 5
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arogenate dehydratase isoform 6
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arogenate dehydratase3
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carboxycyclohexadienyl dehydratase
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-
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dehydratase ADT3
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F25C20.4 protein
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C-O bond cleavage by elimination of water
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-arogenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating; L-phenylalanine-forming)
Also acts on prephenate and D-prephenyllactate. cf. EC 4.2.1.51, prephenate dehydratase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
76600-70-9
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
show the reaction diagram
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
show the reaction diagram
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2
show the reaction diagram
more efficiently utilizes arogenate than prephenate
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-
?
additional information
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
show the reaction diagram
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
L-Phe
dramatically inhibits ADT2 activity
additional information
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.43 - 3.05
L-arogenate
0.68 - 2.44
prephenate
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.5 - 6.1
L-arogenate
0.03 - 0.16
prephenate
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
apical meristem
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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L-Phe/Tyr and general amino acid pools development during weeks in tissues of isozyme knockout mutants compared to the wild-type enzyme, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
ADT5 proteins are unique as they are the only full-length ADT proteins that are found in the nucleus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
plant ADTs and prephenate dehydratases, EC 4.2.1.51, share many common features allowing them to act as dehydratase/decarboxylases, but group independently conferring distinct substrate specificities, sequence comparisons, overview
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
all six ADT isoforms function redundantly in anthocyanin biosynthesis but have differential contributions. ADT isoforms regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as lignin content and composition in a redundant and differential manner. ADT2 contributes the most to anthocyanin accumulation and plays the most important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, followed by ADT1 and ADT3, and ADT4-ADT6. ADT4 and ADT5 play a dominant role in plant growth. ADT4-ADT6 act synergistically with ADT1 and ADT3 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the levels of Phe and sucrose-induced ADT transcripts in seedlings. Consistently, addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants. The level of Phe is an important regulatory factor for sustaining anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments synthesized from Phe in higher plants. They have important biological functions, including defense against UV-B radiation, attracting pollinators and scavenging reactive oxygen species. ADT4 and ADT5 may not be allosterically regulated by the product Phe, ADT4 is not feedback regulated by Phe
evolution
plant ADTs and prephenate dehydratases, EC 4.2.1.51, share many common features allowing them to act as dehydratase/decarboxylases, but group independently conferring distinct substrate specificities, sequence comparisons, overview
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
AROD4_ARATH
424
0
45925
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
AtADT4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT5, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT6, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
gene ADT1, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT2, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT3, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT3 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT4, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT5, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. CFP-tagged ADT5 is co-infiltrated with a YFP fusion to the nuclear marker NUP1, a component of the nuclear pore complex in Arabidopsis thaliana that has previously been shown to localize to the nuclear membrane. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT5 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT6, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana
genes adt1-adt6, complementation of the adt5 KO line with ADT5 gene expression under the control of its native promoter or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Cho, M.H.; Corea, O.R.; Yang, H.; Bedgar, D.L.; Laskar, D.D.; Anterola, A.M.; Moog-Anterola, F.A.; Hood, R.L.; Kohalmi, S.E.; Bernards, M.A.; Kang, C.; Davin, L.B.; Lewis, N.G.
Phenylalanine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Identification and characterization of arogenate dehydratases
J. Biol. Chem.
282
30827-30835
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22241), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SSE7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bross, C.D.; Corea, O.R.; Kaldis, A.; Menassa, R.; Bernards, M.A.; Kohalmi, S.E.
Complementation of the pha2 yeast mutant suggests functional differences for arogenate dehydratases from Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
49
882-890
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22241), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SSE7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Corea, O.R.; Ki, C.; Cardenas, C.L.; Kim, S.J.; Brewer, S.E.; Patten, A.M.; Davin, L.B.; Lewis, N.G.
Arogenate dehydratase isoenzymes profoundly and differentially modulate carbon flux into lignins
J. Biol. Chem.
287
11446-11459
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Corea, O.R.; Bedgar, D.L.; Davin, L.B.; Lewis, N.G.
The arogenate dehydratase gene family: towards understanding differential regulation of carbon flux through phenylalanine into primary versus secondary metabolic pathways
Phytochemistry
82
22-37
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bross, C.D.; Howes, T.R.; Abolhassani Rad, S.; Kljakic, O.; Kohalmi, S.E.
Subcellular localization of Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratases suggests novel and non-enzymatic roles
J. Exp. Bot.
68
1425-1440
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SSE7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9SSE7), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9ZUY3)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, Q.; Man, C.; Li, D.; Tan, H.; Xie, Y.; Huang, J.
Arogenate dehydratase isoforms differentially regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Mol. Plant
9
1609-1619
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22241), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SSE7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Para, A.; Muhammad, D.; Orozco-Nunnelly, D.A.; Memishi, R.; Alvarez, S.; Naldrett, M.J.; Warpeha, K.M.
The dehydratase ADT3 affects ROS homeostasis and cotyledon development
Plant Physiol.
172
1045-1060
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hoehner, R.; Marques, J.V.; Ito, T.; Amakura, Y.; Budgeon, A.D.; Weitz, K.; Hixson, K.K.; Davin, L.B.; Kirchhoff, H.; Lewis, N.G.
Reduced arogenate dehydratase expression ramifications for photosynthesis and metabolism
Plant Physiol.
177
115-131
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22241), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FNJ8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SA96), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SGD6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZUY3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team