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L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2
prephenyl lactate
phenyllactate + CO2 + H2O
-
D-beta-(1-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-yl)-lactic acid, isolated from Neurospora crassa
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
more efficiently utilizes arogenate than prephenate
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
prefers arogenate as substrate, its catalytic efficiency with arogenate is about 10fold higher than that with prephenate
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
ADT1 shows strict substrate specificity toward arogenate, although with the lowest catalytic efficiency among the three ADTs
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
bifunctional enzyme, PDT activity with prephenate and ADT activity with arogenate
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
37°C
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2
more efficiently utilizes arogenate than prephenate
-
-
?
prephenate
phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2
pH 7.5, 37°C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with prephenate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not accept prephenate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not accept prephenate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specific activity ratio of prephenate dehydratase to arogenate dehydratase activity is 3:1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
specific activity ratio of prephenate dehydratase to arogenate dehydratase activity is 3:1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not accept prephenate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not accept prephenate as substrate
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
additional information
?
-
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + CO2 + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
only AtADT1 and AtADT2, but not the other four ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, have functional PDT prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, activity in vivo
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
ADT1 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
brenda
ADT2 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings. In addition, ADT2 accumulates in a spindle-like shape that tapers at chloroplast poles. This fusiform ADT2 accumulation is only found at one pole of the chloroplast and is distinct from a stromule pattern
brenda
ADT3 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
brenda
ADT4 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
brenda
ADT5 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
brenda
-
ADT5 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
-
ADT1 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
-
ADT2 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings. In addition, ADT2 accumulates in a spindle-like shape that tapers at chloroplast poles. This fusiform ADT2 accumulation is only found at one pole of the chloroplast and is distinct from a stromule pattern
-
brenda
-
ADT3 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
-
ADT4 localizes to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
mainly
brenda
the CFP-ADT6 pattern shows a cytosolic distribution
brenda
-
the CFP-ADT6 pattern shows a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
ADT5 proteins are unique as they are the only full-length ADT proteins that are found in the nucleus
brenda
-
ADT5 proteins are unique as they are the only full-length ADT proteins that are found in the nucleus
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
brenda
additional information
-
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution. In addition to its chloroplast localization, only CFP-ADT5 is also detected in nuclei
-
-
brenda
additional information
-
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to thread-like structures that are as seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
-
brenda
additional information
-
isozyme localization study, expression analysis of fluorescence-tagged ADT isozymes, overview. CFP-tagged ADT1-ADT5 localize to stroma and to areas seemingly close to the chloroplast just outside of the autofluorescence signal generated by chlorophyll. They often appear either in thread-like structures (e.g. the arrow in ADT2) or globular structures (e.g. the arrows in ADT4). The CFP-ADT6 pattern is distinctly different, showing a cytosolic distribution
-
-
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
evolution
plant ADTs and prephenate dehydratases, EC 4.2.1.51, share many common features allowing them to act as dehydratase/decarboxylases, but group independently conferring distinct substrate specificities, sequence comparisons, overview
malfunction
ADT1 suppression leads to downregulation of carbon flux toward shikimic acid, but exogenous supply of shikimate bypasses this negative regulation and results in elevated arogenate accumulation
malfunction
-
the rice mtr1 mutant accumulates Phe and Trp. Calli overexpressing mtr1 mutant show elevated levels of Phe, Trp, phenylpropanoids and an indole alkaloid, and is resistant to 5-methyltryptophan treatment. Mtr1 mutants display the same short culm and reduced spikelet number that are observed in transgenic rice accumulating Trp, but Mtr1 mutants show slightly better germination frequency and spikelet fertility
malfunction
-
phenotypes of adt isozyme knockout mutants, overview
malfunction
addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants and rescues the phenotype of the adt1 adt3 double mutant regarding the anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs ae dramatically increased in transgenic plants. ADT1/3 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview
malfunction
addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants and rescues the phenotype of the adt1 adt3 double mutant regarding the anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. ADT1/3 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozyme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview
malfunction
ADT-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have significantly reduced lignin contents, with stronger reductions in lines that have deficiencies in more ADT isoforms, effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism, metabolomics, overview. A reduced carbon flux into L-Phe biosynthesis in ADT mutants impairs the consumption of photosynthetically produced ATP, leading to an increased ATP/ADP ratio, overaccumulation of transitory starch, and lower electron transport rates. The effect on electron transport rates is caused by an increase in proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane that downregulates photosystem II activity by the high-energy quenching mechanism. ADT mutants show reduced flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignan, and glucosinolate contents, including glucosinolates that are not derived from aromatic amino acids, and significantly increased contents of putative galactolipids and apocarotenoids. Concerning respiration and carbon fixation rates, ADT knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6 does reveal no significant difference in both night- and day-adapted plants. Transitory starch in chloroplasts might serve, at least in part, as an alternative carbon sink in ADT-deficient plants. In the adt3/4/5/6 knockout, the starch content is increased by more than 60%. Phenomics analysis with the adt3/4/5/6 mutant and metabolic analysis of rosette leaves
malfunction
ADT-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have significantly reduced lignin contents, with stronger reductions in lines that have deficiencies in more ADT isoforms, effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism, metabolomics, overview. A reduced carbon flux into Phe biosynthesis in ADT mutants impairs the consumption of photosynthetically produced ATP, leading to an increased ATP/ADP ratio, overaccumulation of transitory starch, and lower electron transport rates. The effect on electron transport rates is caused by an increase in proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane that downregulates photosystem II activity by the high-energy quenching mechanism. ADT mutants show reduced flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignan, and glucosinolate contents, including glucosinolates that are not derived from aromatic amino acids, and significantly increased contents of putative galactolipids and apocarotenoids. Concerning respiration and carbon fixation rates, ADT knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6 does reveal no significant difference in both night- and day-adapted plants. Transitory starch in chloroplasts might serve, at least in part, as an alternative carbon sink in ADT-deficient plants. In the adt3/4/5/6 knockout, the starch content is increased by more than 60%. Phenomics analysis with the adt3/4/5/6 mutant and metabolic analysis of rosette leaves
malfunction
ADT4/5 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozyme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview. The leaves of ADT4/ADT5 overexpressing plants are yellow/white, narrow, small, and upwardly curled. Some ADT4/ADT5 overexpression lines are dwarf and sterile
malfunction
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 in mutant adt2-1D
malfunction
genome-wide proteomics of the adt3 mutant revealed a general downregulation of plastidic proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes, corroborating the hypothesis that the ADT3 supply of Phe is required to control ROS concentration and distribution to protect cellular components. In addition, loss of ADT3 disrupts cotyledon epidermal patterning by affecting the number and expansion of pavement cells and stomata cell fate specification, severe alterations in mesophyll cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids, are observed. Loss of ADT3 disturbs epidermis development in the cotyledons of dark-grown seedlings. Mutant adt3 cotyledons exhibit abnormal subcellular features. Upregulation of the pathway leading to cuticle production is accompanied by an abnormal cuticle structure and/or deposition in the adt3 mutant. Such impairment results in an increase in cell permeability and provides a link to understand the cell defects in the adt3 cotyledon epidermis. Involvement of the cell wall in adt3 cell morphology, phenotype. The proteomic analysis reveals that adt3-1 mutation causes alteration of the expression of 1333 proteins, 608 of which are downregulated and 725 of which are upregulated, overview
malfunction
mRNA levels of ADTs ae dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants overexpressing ADT2 are very sensitive to L-Phe. Analysis of the role of ADT2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis of transgenic plants, designated adt2-amiR, in which expression of ADT2 is significantly downregulated by artificial microRNA interference, quantitative PCR analysis reveals that in the two adt2-amiR lines, the level of ADT2 mRNA is about 10% of the wild-type level, whereas expression of other ADTs is not dramatically altered despite statistically significant changes detected in some ADTs. Similar to other single mutants, adt2-amiR plants have no obvious phenotypes in growth compared with wild-type. The two adt2-amiR lines produce about 35% of wild-type anthocyanin content in the sucrose-induced system
malfunction
mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview
malfunction
transgenic plants overexpressing ADT4, which appears to be less sensitive to L-Phe than plants overexpressing ADT2, hyperaccumulate Phe and produce elevated level of anthocyanins. ADT4/5 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozyme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview. The leaves of ADT4/ADT5 overexpressing plants are yellow/white, narrow, small, and upwardly curled. Some ADT4/ADT5 overexpression lines are dwarf and sterile
malfunction
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chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 in mutant adt2-1D
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metabolism
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Mtr1 encoding enzyme ADT/PDT catalyzes the final reaction in Phe biosynthesis and is critical for regulating the size of Phe pool in plant cells. Mtr1 callus contains a high level of secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids and indole alkaloid, but these do not have a significant effect on the rest of the plant's morphological and other agronomic characteristics
metabolism
The final steps of phenylalanine biosynthesis in bacteria, fungi and plants can occur via phenylpyruvate or arogenate intermediates. These routes are determined by the presence of prephenate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.51, which forms phenylpyruvate from prephenate, or arogenate dehydratase, which forms phenylalanine directly from arogenate
metabolism
arogenate dehydratase (ADT) catalyzes the final step of phenylalanine (Phe) biosynthesis, effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism, metabolomics, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme is required for biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine. Specific ADTs are differentially regulated so as to control Phe biosynthesis for protein synthesis versus its much more massive deployment for phenylpropanoid metabolism, overview
physiological function
all six ADT isoforms function redundantly in anthocyanin biosynthesis but have differential contributions. ADT isoforms regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as lignin content and composition in a redundant and differential manner. ADT2 contributes the most to anthocyanin accumulation and plays the most important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, followed by ADT1 and ADT3, and ADT4-ADT6. ADT4 and ADT5 play a dominant role in plant growth. ADT4-ADT6 act synergistically with ADT1 and ADT3 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the levels of Phe and sucrose-induced ADT transcripts in seedlings. Consistently, addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants. The level of Phe is an important regulatory factor for sustaining anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments synthesized from Phe in higher plants. They have important biological functions, including defense against UV-B radiation, attracting pollinators and scavenging reactive oxygen species. ADT4 and ADT5 may not be allosterically regulated by the product Phe, ADT4 is not feedback regulated by Phe
physiological function
all six ADT isoforms function redundantly in anthocyanin biosynthesis but have differential contributions. ADT isoforms regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as lignin content and composition in a redundant and differential manner. ADT2 contributes the most to anthocyanin accumulation and plays the most important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, followed by ADT1 and ADT3, and ADT4-ADT6. ADT4 and ADT5 play a dominant role in plant growth. ADT4-ADT6 act synergistically with ADT1 and ADT3 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the levels of Phe and sucrose-induced ADT transcripts in seedlings. Consistently, addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants. The level of Phe is an important regulatory factor for sustaining anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments synthesized from Phe in higher plants. They have important biological functions, including defense against UV-B radiation, attracting pollinators and scavenging reactive oxygen species. ADT4 and ADT5 may not be allosterically regulated by the product Phe
physiological function
all six ADT isoforms function redundantly in anthocyanin biosynthesis but have differential contributions. ADT isoforms regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as lignin content and composition in a redundant and differential manner. ADT2 contributes the most to anthocyanin accumulation and plays the most important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, followed by ADT1 and ADT3, and ADT4-ADT6. ADT4 and ADT5 play a dominant role in plant growth. ADT4-ADT6 act synergistically with ADT1 and ADT3 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the levels of Phe and sucrose-induced ADT transcripts in seedlings. Consistently, addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants. The level of Phe is an important regulatory factor for sustaining anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments synthesized from Phe in higher plants. They have important biological functions, including defense against UV-B radiation, attracting pollinators and scavenging reactive oxygen species
physiological function
all six ADT isoforms function redundantly in anthocyanin biosynthesis but have differential contributions. ADT isoforms regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as lignin content and composition in a redundant and differential manner. ADT2 contributes the most to anthocyanin accumulation and plays the most important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, followed by ADT1 and ADT3, and ADT4-ADT6. ADT4 and ADT5 play a dominant role in plant growth. ADT4-ADT6 act synergistically with ADT1 and ADT3 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the levels of Phe and sucrose-induced ADT transcripts in seedlings. Consistently, addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants. The level of Phe is an important regulatory factor for sustaining anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments synthesized from Phe in higher plants. They have important biological functions, including defense against UV-B radiation, attracting pollinators and scavenging reactive oxygen species. ADT2 is feedback regulated by L-Phe
physiological function
arogenate dehydratase3, ADT3, plays a critical role for the phenylalanine (Phe) biosynthetic activity coordinating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and cotyledon development in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Isozyme ADT3 is expressed in the cotyledon and shoot apical meristem, mainly in the cytosol, the epidermis of adt3 cotyledons contains higher levels of ROS. L-Phe might play an additional role in supplying nutrients to the young seedling. ADT3 accumulates in the cytosol and is required to maintain ROS homeostasis
additional information
ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
additional information
ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
additional information
ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
additional information
ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
additional information
ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
additional information
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ADT2 forms structures consistent with chloroplast division rings
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additional information
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homozygous T-DNA insertion lines are generated for five of the six ADT isozymes and used to generate double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants in different combinations, regulation phenotypes,overview
additional information
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homozygous T-DNA insertion lines are generated for five of the six ADT isozymes and used to generate double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants in different combinations. The various mutants so obtained give phenotypes with profound but distinct reductions in lignin amounts, encompassing a range spanning from near wild-type levels to reductions of up to about 68%. In the various KO mutants, there are also marked changes in guaiacyl:syringyl ratios ranging from 3:1 to 1:1, respectively, due to differential carbon flux into vascular bundles versus that into fiber cells
additional information
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
additional information
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
additional information
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
additional information
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
additional information
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
additional information
construction of an adt3 knockout mutant, phenotype, overview
additional information
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construction of an adt3 knockout mutant, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
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construction of double, triple, and quadruple mutants of different isozymes by T-DNA insertion. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype
additional information
construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
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construction of knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6, as well as ADT knockout mutants adt1, adt3, adt4, adt5, adt4/5, adt1/4/5, and adt3/4/5, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
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chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 mutant adt2-1D
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AtADT1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT5, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
AtADT6, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pha2 mutant strain YNL316c, which lacks PDT activity and cannot grow in the absence of exogenous Phe by the six ADTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: AtADT2 readily recovers the pha2 phenotype after about 6 days growth at 30°C, while AtADT1 requires about 13 days to show visible growth. By contrast, AtADT6, with lowest PDT activity, and AtADT3-5, with no PDT activity, are unable to recover the phenotype, overview
coding regions corresponding to mature ADT protein (lacking the N-terminal plastid transit peptides) subcloned into the expression vector pET-28a, which contains an N-terminal 6xHis tag. Recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta cells
expression in Escherichia coli
gene ADT1, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT2, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT3, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT3 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT4, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT5, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. CFP-tagged ADT5 is co-infiltrated with a YFP fusion to the nuclear marker NUP1, a component of the nuclear pore complex in Arabidopsis thaliana that has previously been shown to localize to the nuclear membrane. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT5 in Arabidopsis thaliana
gene ADT6, recombinant expression of C-terminally CFP-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transient expression pf CFP-tagged ADT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana
genes adt1-adt6, complementation of the adt5 KO line with ADT5 gene expression under the control of its native promoter or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter
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overexpression of the mutant gene in rice calli
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pheC cloned and expressed by functional complementation of a pheA auxotroph of Escherichia coli
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expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli
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Xia, T.; Ahmad, S.; Zhao, G.; Jensen, R.A.
A single cyclohexadienyl dehydratase specifies the prephenate dehydratase and arogenate dehydratase components of one of two independent pathways to L-phenylalanine in Erwinia herbicola
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
286
461-465
1991
Pantoea agglomerans
brenda
Bonner, C.A.; Fischer, R.S.; Schmidt, R.R.; Miller, P.W.; Jensen, R.A.
Distinctive enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis that are highly conserved in land plants are also present in the chlorophyte alga Chlorella sorokiniana
Plant Cell Physiol.
36
1013-1022
1995
Chlorella sorokiniana, Nicotiana sylvestris
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brenda
Zamir, L.O.; Tiberio, R.; Fiske, M.; Berry, A.; Jensen, R.A.
Enzymatic and nonenzymatic dehydration reactions of L-arogenate
Biochemistry
24
1607-1612
1985
Brevundimonas diminuta, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
brenda
Ahmad, S.; Jensen, R.A.
A simple spectrophotometric assay for arogenate dehydratase
Anal. Biochem.
163
107-111
1987
Pantoea agglomerans, no activity in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
brenda
Fischer, R.; Jensen, R.
Arogenate dehydratase
Methods Enzymol.
142
495-502
1987
Brevundimonas diminuta, Euglena gracilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas campestris
brenda
Siehl, D.L.; Conn, E.E.
Kinetic and regulatory properties of arogenate dehydratase in seedlings of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
260
822-829
1988
Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum bicolor ATX2752
brenda
Zamir, L.O.; Tiberio, R.; Devor, K.A.; Sauriol, F.; Ahmad, S.; Jensen, R.A.
Structure of D-prephenyllactate. A carboxycyclohexadienyl metabolite from Neurospora crassa
J. Biol. Chem.
263
17284-17290
1988
Klebsiella pneumoniae
brenda
Zhao, G.; Xia, T.; Fischer, R.S.; Jensen, R.A.
Cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular cloning of the gene and characterization of the gene product
J. Biol. Chem.
267
2487-2493
1992
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q01269)
brenda
Zhao, G.; Xia, T.; Aldrich, H.; Jensen, R.A.
Cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a periplasmic protein
J. Gen. Microbiol.
139
807-813
1993
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q01269), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Obmolova, G.; Teplyakov, A.; Xia, T.; Jensen, R.
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