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Information on EC 4.1.1.28 - aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase and Organism(s) Drosophila melanogaster and UniProt Accession P05031
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4.1.1.28 aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseIUBMB Comments
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. The enzyme also acts on some other aromatic L-amino acids, including L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine.
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Word Map
- 4.1.1.28
-
dopaminergic
- serotonin
- parkinsonism
-
monoamine
- striatum
- catecholamine
-
neurotransmitter
- carbidopa
- noradrenaline
- levodopa
- norepinephrine
- benserazide
- 5-hydroxytryptamine
-
substantia
-
dopac
-
serotonergic
- tryptamine
-
nigrostriatal
- catharanthus
- catechol-o-methyltransferase
- roseus
- beta-hydroxylase
-
5-hydroxyindoleacetic
-
homovanillic
-
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic
-
catecholaminergic
- dyskinesia
- dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
- alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
-
5-hiaa
- pargyline
- strictosidine
-
monoaminergic
-
raphe
-
l-dopa-induced
- l-dihydroxyphenylalanine
- apomorphine
-
antiparkinsonian
- gamma-butyrolactone
-
tuberoinfundibular
-
autoreceptors
- 3-methoxytyramine
- quinpirole
- entacapone
-
catecholamine-synthesizing
-
dihydroxyphenylacetic
-
non-dopaminergic
- phenylethanolamine
- pharmacology
- analysis
-
6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned
- medicine
- drug development
- synthesis
- tolcapone
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Drosophila melanogaster
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
dopa decarboxylase, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, l-dopa decarboxylase, l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylase, l-amino-acid decarboxylase, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase, dopamine decarboxylase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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5-Hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase
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-
-
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AADC
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
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Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
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-
-
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DDC
Decarboxylase, aromatic amino acid
-
-
-
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Dihydroxyphenylalanine-5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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DOPA DC
-
-
-
-
DOPA decarboxylase
DOPA-5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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Hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
L-5-Hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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L-Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
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L-DOPA decarboxylase
L-Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
-
-
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TYDC
-
-
-
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Tyrosine/Dopa decarboxylase
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-
-
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AADC
-
-
-
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DDC
-
-
-
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DOPA decarboxylase
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-
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L-DOPA decarboxylase
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-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
decarboxylation
decarboxylation
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
Aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. The enzyme also acts on some other aromatic L-amino acids, including L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9042-64-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
0.0032-0.32 mM, enhances activity greater than 2fold
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
A conserved AP-1 (JNK activated transcription factor complex) binding upstream of the DDC transcription start site is necessary to induce DDC transcription
-
additional information
-
aseptic wounding of larvae or adults does not lead to DDC transcriptional induction, unlike in embryos where DDC activity at the edge of the wound contributes to the formation of a melanin clot
-
additional information
-
Transcription of the dopa decarboxylase gene is induced in response to gram-negative and gram-positive septic injury, but not aseptic wounding. Ddc transcripts are detectible within 2 h and remain high for several hours following infection with either gram-negative (Escherichia coli) or gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Ddc transcription depends on a previously uncharacterized member of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family, p38c
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
transcription of DDC is induced when larvae or adults are infected, transcription is induced throughout the epidermis and not specifically at the site of infection
-
DDC transcription is induced strongly in the flies that are septically injured with Eschericia coli or Staphylococcos aureus
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DDC transcription is induced strongly in the flies that are septically injured with Eschericia coli or Staphylococcos aureus
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). DDC_DROME
510
0
57288
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
three cycles of freezing, -45°C, and thawing have no effect on enzyme activity, in 0.10 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containg 1 mM dithiothreitol and 10% glycerol
-
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
0°C, 0.05-0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, stable for 6 weeks
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pharmacology
-
biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid indole alkaloids
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Clark, W.C.; Pass, P.S.; Venkataraman, B.; Hodgetts, R.B.
Dopa decarboxylase from Drosophila melanogaster. Purification, characterization and an analysis of mutants
Mol. Gen. Genet.
162
287-297
1978
Drosophila melanogaster
-
Facchini, P.J.; Huber-Allanach, K.L.; Tari, L.W.
Plant aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases: evolution, biochemistry, regulation, and metabolic engineering applications
Phytochemistry
54
121-138
2000
Cinchona calisaya, Drosophila melanogaster, Solanum lycopersicum, Sus scrofa, Cinchona officinalis, Catharanthus roseus (P17770), Homo sapiens (P20711), Camptotheca acuminata (P93082)
Hodgetts, R.B.; OKeefe, S.L.
Dopa decarboxylase: a model gene-enzyme system for studying development, behavior, and systematics
Annu. Rev. Entomol.
51
259-284
2006
Ceratitis capitata (O96937), Drosophila melanogaster (P05031), Manduca sexta (P48861), Aedes aegypti (Q16895), Mythimna separata (Q95YG8), Mamestra brassicae (Q95YG9), Bombyx mori (Q967Q9), Tenebrio molitor (Q9NL84)
Davis, M.M.; Primrose, D.A.; Hodgetts, R.B.
A member of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family is responsible for transcriptional induction of Dopa decarboxylase in the epidermis of Drosophila melanogaster during the innate immune response
Mol. Cell. Biol.
28
4883-4895
2008
Drosophila melanogaster
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