Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ADP + H2O
AMP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
dGDP + H2O
dGMP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
dIDP + H2O
dIMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
dITP + H2O
IDP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
GDP + H2O
GMP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
IDP + H2O
IMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
ITP + H2O
IDP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
m7G5'ppp5'-U3 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U3 snoRNA
removes m7G and m227G caps from RNAs, rendering them substrates for 5'-3' exonucleases for degradation in vivo. The metal identity determines both the efficiency of decapping and the RNA substrate specificity. In Mg2+ the protein hydrolyzes the 5' cap from only one RNA substrate: U8 small nucleolar RNA. In the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+ all RNAs are substrates and the decapping efficiency is higher. The metal that binds the X29/H29K proteins in vivo may determine whether these decapping proteins function solely as a negative regulator of ribosome biogenesis or can decap a wider variety of nuclear-limited RNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snoRNA
XDP + H2O
XMP + phosphate
less efficient substrate
-
-
?
5'-(N7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
luciferase mRNA
-
-
?
a 5'-(N7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] + H2O
N7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate + a 5'-phospho-[mRNA]
-
-
-
-
?
ApppG + H2O
?
-
unmethylated dinucleotide ApppG is hydrolyzed by the enzyme with greater efficiency than m7GpppG (94.32% hydrolysis after 100 min)
-
-
?
GpppA-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
unmethylated oligonucleotide GpppA-16nt is hydrolyzed by the enzyme with greater efficiency than m7GpppG-[16nt RNA] (89.75% hydrolysis after 60 min)
-
-
?
GpppG + H2O
?
-
unmethylated dinucleotide GpppG is hydrolyzed by the enzyme with greater efficiency than m7GpppG (98.79% hydrolysis after 40 min)
-
-
?
GpppG-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
unmethylated oligonucleotide GpppG-16nt is hydrolyzed by the enzyme with greater efficiency than m7GpppG-16nt (86.9% hydrolysis after 180 min)
-
-
?
GpppG-[34nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
81.44% hydrolysis after 5 min
-
-
?
m3-2.2.7GpppG + H2O
?
-
64.96% hydrolysis after 100 min
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snomRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snomRNA
-
hNUDT16 relies on divalent cations for its cap-hydrolysis activity to remove m7GDP and m227GDP from RNAs. hNUDT16 without the coordination of metals can not catalyze the hydrolytic reaction since no detectable cleaved products can be observed for either the U8 snoRNA or the mRNA substrate. Both Mg2+ and Mn2+ can effectively switch the protein from apoenzyme to holoenzyme. Mn2+ is more efficient as the activating factor
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snoRNA
-
-
-
-
?
m7GpppA + H2O
?
-
2.57% hydrolysis after 100 min
-
-
?
m7GpppA-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
45.19% hydrolysis after 240 min
-
-
?
m7GpppG + H2O
?
-
72.97% hydrolysis after 100 min
-
-
?
m7GpppG-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
94.76% hydrolysis after 180 min
-
-
?
m7GpppG-[34nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
51.85% hydrolysis after 180 min
-
-
?
m7Gpppm2'-OA + H2O
?
-
1.68% hydrolysis after 100 min
-
-
?
m7Gpppm2'-OA-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
49.65% hydrolysis after 240 min
-
-
?
m7Gpppm2'-OG + H2O
?
-
76.89% hydrolysis after 100 min
-
-
?
m7Gpppm2'-OG-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
80.52% hydrolysis after 60 min
-
-
?
m7Gpppm2'-OG-[34nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
43.86% hydrolysis after 180 min
-
-
?
trimethylguanosine-[16nt mRNA] + H2O
?
-
82.62% hydrolysis after 60 min
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
regulation of RNA degradation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. Mammalian cells possess multiple mRNA decapping enzymes to regulate mRNA turnover. Nudt16, like Dcp2, is involved in mRNA stability. Each decapping enzyme can selectively affect the stability of at least a subset of mRNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
Nudt16 can only function on capped RNA but not N7-methyl cap structure (m7GpppN)
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snoRNA
removes m7G and m227G caps from RNAs, rendering them substrates for 5'-3' exonucleases for degradation in vivo
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snoRNA
removes m7G and m227G caps from RNAs, rendering them substrates for 5'-3' exonucleases for degradation in vivo. The metal identity determines both the efficiency of decapping and the RNA substrate specificity. In Mg2+ the protein hydrolyzes the 5' cap from only one RNA substrate: U8 small nucleolar RNA. In the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+ all RNAs are substrates and the decapping efficiency is higher. The metal that binds the X29/H29K proteins in vivo may determine whether these decapping proteins function solely as a negative regulator of ribosome biogenesis or can decap a wider variety of nuclear-limited RNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
Dcp2 is involved in mRNA decay
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
decapping of mRNA is a critical step in eukaryotic mRNA turnover
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
hNUDT16 relies on divalent cations for its cap-hydrolysis activity to remove m7GDP and m227GDP from RNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
mRNA decapping is a critical step in the control of mRNA stability and gene expression
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
regulation of RNA degradation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. Mammalian cells possess multiple mRNA decapping enzymes to regulate mRNA turnover. Nudt16, like Dcp2, is involved in mRNA stability. Each decapping enzyme can selectively affect the stability of at least a subset of mRNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
a 60 nucleotide element at the 5' end of the mRNA encoding Rrp41 is preferentially bound and decapped by Dcp2. Enhanced decapping of this element is dependent on the structural integrity of its first 33 nt and not its primary sequence. The structure consists of a stem-loop positioned <10 nt from the 5' end of the mRNA
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
hDcp2 is unable to cleave a free cap structure (m7GpppG) generated by P1 nuclease treatment of a cap-labelled RNA. Preferentially cleaves methylated cap structure
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
hDcp2-mediated decapping requires a functional Nudix (nucleotide diphosphate linked to an X moiety) pyrophosphatase motif
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
X29 has decapping activity and releases m7GDP from full-length U8 RNA. The NUDIX domain in X29 is required for cap cleavage and release of m7GDP from U8 RNA. X29 can cleave the m227G cap present on U8 RNA in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dinucleotide cap analogs and capped oligonucleotides containing guanine base in the first transcribed nucleotide are more susceptible to enzymatic digestion by the enzyme than their counterparts containing adenine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no hydrolysis of dinucleotide m7Gpppm7G after 100 min
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
regulation of RNA degradation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. Mammalian cells possess multiple mRNA decapping enzymes to regulate mRNA turnover. Nudt16, like Dcp2, is involved in mRNA stability. Each decapping enzyme can selectively affect the stability of at least a subset of mRNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-U8 snoRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-U8 snoRNA
removes m7G and m227G caps from RNAs, rendering them substrates for 5'-3' exonucleases for degradation in vivo
-
-
?
a 5'-(N7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] + H2O
N7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate + a 5'-phospho-[mRNA]
-
-
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
Dcp2 is involved in mRNA decay
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
decapping of mRNA is a critical step in eukaryotic mRNA turnover
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
hNUDT16 relies on divalent cations for its cap-hydrolysis activity to remove m7GDP and m227GDP from RNAs
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
-
mRNA decapping is a critical step in the control of mRNA stability and gene expression
-
-
?
m7G5'ppp5'-mRNA + H2O
m7GDP + 5'-phospho-mRNA
regulation of RNA degradation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. Mammalian cells possess multiple mRNA decapping enzymes to regulate mRNA turnover. Nudt16, like Dcp2, is involved in mRNA stability. Each decapping enzyme can selectively affect the stability of at least a subset of mRNAs
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Co2+
the metal identity determines both the efficiency of decapping and the RNA substrate specificity. In Mg2+ the protein hydrolyzes the 5' cap from only one RNA substrate: U8 small nucleolar RNA. In the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+ all RNAs are substrates and the decapping efficiency is higher
Mn2+
the metal identity determines both the efficiency of decapping and the RNA substrate specificity. In Mg2+ the protein hydrolyzes the 5' cap from only one RNA substrate: U8 small nucleolar RNA. In the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+ all RNAs are substrates and the decapping efficiency is higher. The metal that binds the X29/H29K proteins in vivo may determine whether these decapping proteins function solely as a negative regulator of ribosome biogenesis or can decap a wider variety of nuclear-limited RNAs
Co2+
-
confer only limited hydrolytic capability on hNUDT16. After 30 min incubation of the RNA substrate with the enzyme, only tiny amounts of m7GDP product are observed on the migration profiles
Mg2+
-
hNUDT16 relies on divalent cations for its cap-hydrolysis activity to remove m7GDP and m227GDP from RNAs. hNUDT16 without the coordination of metals can not catalyze the hydrolytic reaction since no detectable cleaved products can be observed for either the U8 snoRNA or the mRNA substrate. Both Mg2+ and Mn2+ can effectively switch the protein from apoenzyme to holoenzyme. Mn2+ is more efficient as the activating factor
Mn2+
-
hNUDT16 relies on divalent cations for its cap-hydrolysis activity to remove m7GDP and m227GDP from RNAs. hNUDT16 without the coordination of metals can not catalyze the hydrolytic reaction since no detectable cleaved products can be observed for either the U8 snoRNA or the mRNA substrate. Both Mg2+ and Mn2+ can effectively switch the protein from apoenzyme to holoenzyme. Mn2+ is more efficient as the activating factor
Zn2+
-
confer only limited hydrolytic capability on hNUDT16. After 30 min incubation of the RNA substrate with the enzyme, only tiny amounts of m7GDP product are observed on the migration profiles
Mg2+
the metal identity determines both the efficiency of decapping and the RNA substrate specificity. In Mg2+ the protein hydrolyzes the 5' cap from only one RNA substrate: U8 small nucleolar RNA. In the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+ all RNAs are substrates and the decapping efficiency is higher. The metal that binds the X29/H29K proteins in vivo may determine whether these decapping proteins function solely as a negative regulator of ribosome biogenesis or can decap a wider variety of nuclear-limited RNAs
Mg2+
contains two Mg2+ ions
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
5'-(n7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mrna] hydrolase deficiency
CAG RNAs induce DNA damage and apoptosis by silencing NUDT16 expression in polyglutamine degeneration.
Infections
Virus-induced translational arrest through 4EBP1/2-dependent decay of 5'-TOP mRNAs restricts viral infection.
Mental Retardation, X-Linked
Identification of an mRNA-decapping regulator implicated in X-linked mental retardation.
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A library approach to rapidly discover photoaffinity probes of the mRNA decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS.
Poxviridae Infections
The D10 decapping enzyme of vaccinia virus contributes to decay of cellular and viral mRNAs and to virulence in mice.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Epigenetic loss of the RNA decapping enzyme NUDT16 mediates C-MYC activation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Thyroid Neoplasms
Comprehensive Analysis of the Functions and Prognostic Value of RNA-Binding Proteins in Thyroid Cancer.
Vaccinia
Characterization of a vaccinia virus mutant with a deletion of the D10R gene encoding a putative negative regulator of gene expression.
Vaccinia
Characterization of the vaccinia virus D10 decapping enzyme provides evidence for a two-metal-ion mechanism.
Vaccinia
Down regulation of gene expression by the vaccinia virus D10 protein.
Vaccinia
Insights into the molecular determinants involved in cap recognition by the vaccinia virus D10 decapping enzyme.
Vaccinia
Investigation of IRES Insertion into the Genome of Recombinant MVA as a Translation Enhancer in the Context of Transcript Decapping.
Vaccinia
The D10 decapping enzyme of vaccinia virus contributes to decay of cellular and viral mRNAs and to virulence in mice.
Vaccinia
Vaccinia virus D10 protein has mRNA decapping activity, providing a mechanism for control of host and viral gene expression.
Virus Diseases
Characterization of a vaccinia virus mutant with a deletion of the D10R gene encoding a putative negative regulator of gene expression.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Ghosh, T.; Peterson, B.; Tomasevic, N.; Peculis, B.A.
Xenopus U8 snoRNA binding protein is a conserved nuclear decapping enzyme
Mol. Cell
13
817-828
2004
Homo sapiens, Xenopus laevis (Q6TEC1)
brenda
Zhang, J.; Gao, F.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, Q.; Qi, J.; Yan, J.
Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of human NUDT16
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
64
639-640
2008
Homo sapiens
brenda
van Dijk, E.; Cougot, N.; Meyer, S.; Babajko, S.; Wahle, E.; Sraphin, B.
Human Dcp2: a catalytically active mRNA decapping enzyme located in specific cytoplasmic structures
EMBO J.
21
6915-6924
2002
Homo sapiens (Q8IU60), Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P53550), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Peculis, B.A.; Reynolds, K.; Cleland, M.
Metal determines efficiency and substrate specificity of the nuclear NUDIX decapping proteins X29 and H29K (Nudt16)
J. Biol. Chem.
282
24792-24805
2007
Homo sapiens (Q96DE0), Homo sapiens, Xenopus laevis (Q6TEC1)
brenda
Lykke-Andersen, J.
Identification of a human decapping complex associated with hUpf proteins in nonsense-mediated decay
Mol. Cell. Biol.
22
8114-8121
2002
Homo sapiens (Q8IU60), Homo sapiens
brenda
Song, M.G.; Li, Y.; Kiledjian, M.
Multiple mRNA decapping enzymes in mammalian cells
Mol. Cell.
40
423-432
2010
Homo sapiens (Q8IU60), Homo sapiens (Q96DE0), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q6P3D0), Mus musculus (Q9CYC6), Mus musculus
brenda
Li, Y.; Ho, E.S.; Gunderson, S.I.; Kiledjian, M.
Mutational analysis of a Dcp2-binding element reveals general enhancement of decapping by 5'-end stem-loop structures
Nucleic Acids Res.
37
2227-2237
2009
Homo sapiens
brenda
Wang, Z.; Jiao, X.; Carr-Schmid, A.; Kiledjian, M.
The hDcp2 protein is a mammalian mRNA decapping enzyme
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
99
12663-12668
2002
Homo sapiens (Q8IU60), Homo sapiens
brenda
Lu, G.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Zhang, N.; Xu, X.; Wang, T.; Guan, Z.; Gao, G.F.; Yan, J.
hNUDT16: a universal decapping enzyme for small nucleolar RNA and cytoplasmic mRNA
Protein Cell
2
64-73
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Liu, S.W.; Jiao, X.; Liu, H.; Gu, M.; Lima, C.D.; Kiledjian, M.
Functional analysis of mRNA scavenger decapping enzymes
RNA
10
1412-1422
2004
Homo sapiens (Q8IU60)
brenda
Tresaugues, L.; Lundbaeck, T.; Welin, M.; Flodin, S.; Nyman, T.; Silvander, C.; Graeslund, S.; Nordlund, P.
Structural basis for the specificity of human NUDT16 and its regulation by inosine monophosphate
PLoS ONE
10
e0131507
2015
Homo sapiens (Q96DE0), Homo sapiens
brenda
Grudzien-Nogalska, E.; Jiao, X.; Song, M.G.; Hart, R.P.; Kiledjian, M.
Nudt3 is an mRNA decapping enzyme that modulates cell migration
RNA
22
773-781
2016
Homo sapiens
brenda
Grzela, R.; Nasilowska, K.; Lukaszewicz, M.; Tyras, M.; Stepinski, J.; Jankowska-Anyszka, M.; Bojarska, E.; Darzynkiewicz, E.
Hydrolytic activity of human Nudt16 enzyme on dinucleotide cap analogs and short capped oligonucleotides
RNA
24
633-642
2018
Homo sapiens
brenda
Grudzien-Nogalska, E.; Kiledjian, M.
New insights into decapping enzymes and selective mRNA decay
Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA
8
e1379
2017
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens
brenda