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Information on EC 3.6.1.5 - apyrase and Organism(s) Gallus gallus and UniProt Accession O93295
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3.6.1.5 apyraseIUBMB Comments
Apyrases are active against both di- and triphosphate nucleotides (NDPs and NTPs) and hydrolyse NTPs to nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs) in two distinct successive phosphate-releasing steps, with NDPs as intermediates. They differ from ATPases, which specifically hydrolyse ATP, by hydrolysing both ATP and ADP. The eukaryotic enzymes requires Ca2+, but Mg2+ can substitute. Most of the ecto-ATPases that occur on the cell surface and hydrolyse extracellular nucleotides belong to this enzyme family.
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Word Map
- 3.6.1.5
- platelet
-
purinergic
- agonist
- endothelial
- suramin
- ntpdases
- 5'-nucleotidase
- thrombin
- utp
- fibrinogen
-
thromboxane
-
salivary
-
blocker
- ecto-nucleotidases
-
ecto-5\'-nucleotidase
-
purinoceptors
-
platelet-rich
- aspirin
- 5'-triphosphate
-
ecto-enzymes
- ouabain
-
ppads
- oligomycin
-
adp-induced
-
synaptosomes
- serca2
- hirudin
-
blood-feeding
-
atp-mediated
- carbenoxolone
-
tyrode
-
hemichannels
-
alpha,beta-methylene
- arl
-
pannexins
-
atp-hydrolyzing
- luciferin-luciferase
-
adenosinergic
- agriculture
-
e-type
- phlebotomus
- analysis
- pharmacology
-
hematophagous
-
adp-dependent
- medicine
-
preretinal
-
gel-filtered
- ap5a
-
aggregometry
-
bzatp
- drug development
-
ectonucleotide
-
3.1.3.5
- atpgammas
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Gallus gallus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
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Synonyms
apyrase, ecto-atpase, adpase, ntpdase3, atp diphosphohydrolase, entpd1, atpase 2, ecto-apyrase, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, atpdase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
adenosine diphosphatase
-
-
-
-
ADPase
-
-
-
-
ATP-diphosphatase
-
-
-
-
ATP-diphosphohydrolase
-
-
-
-
ATPDase
-
-
-
-
CD39 antigen
-
-
-
-
Golgi nucleoside diphosphatase
-
-
-
-
HB6
-
-
-
-
Lymphoid cell activation antigen
-
-
-
-
NTPDase1
-
-
-
-
NTPDase3
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphorous acid anhydride hydrolysis
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (nucleoside monophosphoate-forming)
Apyrases are active against both di- and triphosphate nucleotides (NDPs and NTPs) and hydrolyse NTPs to nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs) in two distinct successive phosphate-releasing steps, with NDPs as intermediates. They differ from ATPases, which specifically hydrolyse ATP, by hydrolysing both ATP and ADP. The eukaryotic enzymes requires Ca2+, but Mg2+ can substitute. Most of the ecto-ATPases that occur on the cell surface and hydrolyse extracellular nucleotides belong to this enzyme family.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9000-95-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
azide
-
at 10 mM and pH 7.4, 21% inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, 85% inhibition of ADP hydrolysis
diphosphate
-
at 10 mM and pH 7.4, 51% inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, 97% inhibition of ADP hydrolysis
fluoride
-
at 10 mM and pH 7.4, 2% inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, 91% inhibition of ADP hydrolysis
vanadate
-
at 10 mM and pH 7.4, 7% inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, 54% inhibition of ADP hydrolysis
additional information
the chicken enzyme does not show substrate inhibition
-
additional information
-
the chicken enzyme does not show substrate inhibition
-
additional information
chicken NTPDase8 is not susceptible to substrate inactivation or agents that cause membrane perturbation, but its soluble mutant, lacking C- and N-termini, is susceptible to inhibition. This inhibition of the mutant can be abolished by mutant enzyme-crosslinking on membranes with glutaraldehyde, the ATPase activities of glutaraldehyde-treated chicken NTPDase8 ECD preincubated with ATP, ADP, and phosphate are respectively 95%, 80%, and 89% of the control
-
additional information
-
chicken NTPDase8 is not susceptible to substrate inactivation or agents that cause membrane perturbation, but its soluble mutant, lacking C- and N-termini, is susceptible to inhibition. This inhibition of the mutant can be abolished by mutant enzyme-crosslinking on membranes with glutaraldehyde, the ATPase activities of glutaraldehyde-treated chicken NTPDase8 ECD preincubated with ATP, ADP, and phosphate are respectively 95%, 80%, and 89% of the control
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
7.5
the pH optimum of MgATPase of the wild-type full-length chicken NTPDase8 is in the neutral pH range while the pH optimum of the mutant MgADPase activity is more acidic at about pH 6.0
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
the MgATPase/MgADPase ratio of the full-length chicken NTPDase8 varies widely with pH, overview
additional information
-
the MgATPase/MgADPase ratio of the full-length chicken NTPDase8 varies widely with pH, overview
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
15 - 60
activity range, the activity of the full-length enzyme increases with temperature up to 60°C, whereas the ATPase activity of the mutant truncated NTPDase8 ECD decreases at temperatures higher than 25°C even when assayed for 1 min
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
NTPDase8 is a cell surface ectonucleotidase with a large extracellular domain containing the active site and is anchored to the membrane by two transmembrane domains at the N- and C-termini
NTPDase8 is a cell surface ectonucleotidase with a large extracellular domain containing the active site and is anchored to the membrane by two transmembrane domains at the N- and C-termini
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
a soluble truncated mutant NTPDase8, lacking the extracellular domain, shows 85% reduced activity compared to the full-length membrane-bound enzyme. Also activity of the soluble chicken NTPDase8 decreases with time in a temperature-dependent manner as a result of inactivation by ATP, ADP, and phosphate, in contrast to the wild-type full-length enzyme
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). ENTP8_CHICK
493
2
54035
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
NTPDase8 is a cell surface ectonucleotidase with a large extracellular domain containing the active site and is anchored to the membrane by two transmembrane domains at the N- and C-termini
additional information
-
NTPDase8 is a cell surface ectonucleotidase with a large extracellular domain containing the active site and is anchored to the membrane by two transmembrane domains at the N- and C-termini
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
construction of a hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera in which the extracellular domain of human NTPDase2 is anchored to the membrane by the two transmembrane domains of the chicken NTPDase8. The hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera is the first chimeric NTPDase reported that shows a resistance to membrane perturbation and substrate inactivation. The strength of interaction of the respective transmembrane domain pairs of the human NTPDase2 and chicken NTPDase8 determine their different responses to membrane perturbation and substrate. The chimeric mutants all show highly reduced ATPase activities, overview. Catalysis at the active site in the extracellular domain of the hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera is no longer negatively affected by membrane perturbation in the lipid bilayer by detergent and temperature
additional information
-
construction of a hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera in which the extracellular domain of human NTPDase2 is anchored to the membrane by the two transmembrane domains of the chicken NTPDase8. The hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera is the first chimeric NTPDase reported that shows a resistance to membrane perturbation and substrate inactivation. The strength of interaction of the respective transmembrane domain pairs of the human NTPDase2 and chicken NTPDase8 determine their different responses to membrane perturbation and substrate. The chimeric mutants all show highly reduced ATPase activities, overview. Catalysis at the active site in the extracellular domain of the hu-ck ACR1,5 chimera is no longer negatively affected by membrane perturbation in the lipid bilayer by detergent and temperature
additional information
generation of a soluble truncated mutant NTPDase8 by removal of amino acids 1-28 (containing TMD1) and 464-493 (containing TMD2), the mutant shows 85% reduced activity compared to the full-length membrane-bound enzyme. Generation of chimeric mutant Ck-hu TMD1, encoding a protein in which the N-terminus (aa 1-28) of the chicken NTPDase8 is substituted with the corresponding region (aa 1-29) of the human NTPDase2, which includes its TMD1, and of chimeric mutant Ck-hu TMD2, encoding a protein in which the C-terminus (aa 465-493) of the chicken NTPDase8 is substituted with the corresponding region (aa 461-495) of the human NTPDase2, which includes its TMD2
additional information
-
generation of a soluble truncated mutant NTPDase8 by removal of amino acids 1-28 (containing TMD1) and 464-493 (containing TMD2), the mutant shows 85% reduced activity compared to the full-length membrane-bound enzyme. Generation of chimeric mutant Ck-hu TMD1, encoding a protein in which the N-terminus (aa 1-28) of the chicken NTPDase8 is substituted with the corresponding region (aa 1-29) of the human NTPDase2, which includes its TMD1, and of chimeric mutant Ck-hu TMD2, encoding a protein in which the C-terminus (aa 465-493) of the chicken NTPDase8 is substituted with the corresponding region (aa 461-495) of the human NTPDase2, which includes its TMD2
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant NTPDase8s from HEK293 cell plasma membranes by ammonium sulfate fractionation and nickel affinity column chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning of His-tagged wild-type and mutant NTPDase8s in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha and stable expression in HEK293 cell plasma membranes
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Knowles, A.F.; Nagy, A.K.; Strobel, R.S.; Wu-Weis, M.
Purification, characterization, cloning, and expression of the chicken liver ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase
Eur. J. Biochem.
269
2373-2382
2002
Gallus gallus
Chiang, W.C.; Knowles, A.F.
Transmembrane domain interactions affect the stability of the extracellular domain of the human NTPDase 2
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
472
89-99
2008
Gallus gallus (O93295), Gallus gallus, Homo sapiens (Q9Y5L3), Homo sapiens
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