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Information on EC 3.4.24.B20 - FtsH protease and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q84WU8

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.4.24.B20
preliminary BRENDA-supplied EC number
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EC Tree
     3 Hydrolases
         3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)
             3.4.24 Metalloendopeptidases
                3.4.24.B20 FtsH protease
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: Q84WU8
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
degradative cleavage of proteins
Synonyms
ftsh protease, ftsh2, ftsh1, ftsh11, ftsh3, ftsh5, ftsh6, ftsh12, atftsh2, atp-dependent zinc metalloprotease, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
filamentation temperature sensitive H
-
AAA protease
-
-
filamentation temperature sensitive H
filamentation temperature sensitive H protease
-
-
FtsH protease
-
-
FtsH1
FtsH10
FtsH11
FtsH2
FtsH3
-
the catalytic site faces the matrix
FtsH4
FtsH5
FtsH8
M41.005
putative cell division protein
zinc dependent protease
additional information
-
FtsH protease belongs to the ATP-dependent AAA+ protein family
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
degradative cleavage of proteins
show the reaction diagram
specific for chloroplastic membrane proteins
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
253850-13-4
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
23 kDa fragment of photosystem II D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
delta32 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
EX1 + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
substrate chloroplast protein EXECUTER1, involved in signaling by singlet oxygen
-
-
?
heat shock transcription factor sigma 32 + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
light-harvesting complex II + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence
-
-
?
photodamaged D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
photodamaged D2 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
Protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
protein + H2O
peptides
show the reaction diagram
protein lambdaCII + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
protein sigma32 + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
proteins + H2O
peptides
show the reaction diagram
-
-
?
Rieske FeS protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
degradation of membrane protein, essentially required as a membrane-integrated quality control
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
23 kDa fragment of photosystem II D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
enzyme is required for protection against photoinhibition and induction of repair of photosystem II D1 protein, degradation of irreversible damaged D1 protein in form of the 23 kDa fragment
-
?
D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
delta32 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
heat shock transcription factor sigma 32 + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
light-harvesting complex II + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence
-
-
?
photodamaged D1 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
photodamaged D2 protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
Protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
protein + H2O
peptides
show the reaction diagram
proteins + H2O
peptides
show the reaction diagram
-
-
?
Rieske FeS protein + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
degradation of membrane protein, essentially required as a membrane-integrated quality control
-
?
additional information
?
-
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
AtStsH1, 2, 5, and 8 do not show evidence of tissue or developmental specific expression
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
isoforms FtsH 7 and 9 are localized in the chloroplast envelope membrane
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
hexamers of the FtsH proteases are localized near the Photosystem II complexes at the grana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
FtsH gene multiplication is of adaptive value during the course of evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis
physiological function
the ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase is a cell division protein
evolution
FtsH gene multiplication is of adaptive value during the course of evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
FTSH3_ARATH
809
0
89353
Swiss-Prot
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
89353
x * 89353, FtsH3, sequence calculation
115105
x * 115105, FtsH12, sequence calculation
65000
-
mature FtsH2
67000
-
mature FtsH5
72000
-
mature enzyme, SDS-PAGE
73198
x * 73198, FtsH8, sequence calculation
74000
-
precursor to FtsH2
74515
x * 74515, FtsH6, sequence calculation
75000
-
precursor to FtsH5
75232
x * 75232, FtsH5, sequence calculation
76000
-
full length enzyme, SDS-PAGE
76759
x * 76759, FtsH1, sequence calculation
77275
x * 77275, FtsH4, sequence calculation
78000
x * 78000, SDS-PAGE
87802
x * 87802, FtsH7, sequence calculation
87838
x * 87838, FtsH9, sequence calculation
88717
x * 88717, FtsH11, sequence calculation
89353
x * 89353, FtsH3, sequence calculation
89555
x * 89555, FtsH10, sequence calculation
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
x * 89353, FtsH3, sequence calculation
heterohexamer
homohexamer
-
-
additional information
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ubiquitylation
-
ubiquitylation of FtsH1 by AtCHIP might lead to the degradation of FtsH1 in vivo
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
D326N
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
G195D
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
G267D
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
G302S
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
G433R
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
H417L
-
the mutant accumulates about 20% relative to the wild type enzyme and does not cleave delta32 protein
H488L
-
the FtsH2 mutation inhibits zinc binding and inactivates proteolysis
P320L
-
the mutant does not cleave delta32 protein
additional information
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4 alleles of gene var2, positional cloning, initiation of chromosome walking of the var2 gene on chromosome 2, amino acid sequence determination, mechanism of genetic variation
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, in vitro translation and import into isolated Pisum sativum chloroplasts, where the enzyme is processed to its mature form and targeted into the thylakoid membrane
expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
-
genetic allelic variants of gene var2, i.e. AtFtsH2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis
mutant enzymes are expressed in Escherichia coli AR5088 cells
-
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ethyl methanesulfonate can cause loss-of-function mutations in gene var2, D1 degradation is impaired in var2 mutant
the knockout mutant of gene AtFtsH11 shows a phenotype susceptible to high temperature stress
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Boeckmann, B.; Bairoch, A.; Apweiler, R.; Blatter, M.C.; Estreicher, A.; Gasteiger, E.; Martin M.J.; Michoud, K.; O'Donovan, C.; Phan, I.; Pilbout, S.; Schneider, M.
The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL
Nucleic Acids Res.
31
365-370
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Langer, T.; Kaser, M.; Klanner, C.; Leonhard, K.
AAA proteases of mitochondria: quality control of membrane proteins and regulatory functions during mitochondrial biogenesis
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
29
431-436
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lindahl, M.; Tabak, S.; Cseke, L.; Pichersky, E.; Andersson, B.; Adam, Z.
Identification, characterization, and molecular cloning of a homologue of the bacterial FtsH protease in chloroplasts of higher plants
J. Biol. Chem.
271
29329-29334
1996
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39102), Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bailey, S.; Thompson, E.; Nixon, P.J.; Horton, P.; Mullineaux, C.W.; Robinson, C.; Mann, N.H.
A critical role for the Var2 FtsH homologue of Arabidopsis thaliana in the photosystem II repair cycle in vivo
J. Biol. Chem.
277
2006-2011
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, M.; Choi, Y.; Voytas, D.F.; Rodermel, S.
Mutations in the Arabidopsis VAR2 locus cause leaf variegation due to the loss of a chloroplast FtsH protease
Plant J.
22
303-313
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39102)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Adam, Z.
The chloroplast proteolytic machinery
Annu. Plant Rev.
13
214-236
2005
Synechocystis sp., Arabidopsis thaliana
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Adam, Z.; Rudella, A.; van Wijk, K.J.
Recent advances in the study of Clp, FtsH and other proteases located in chloroplasts
Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
9
234-240
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zaltsman, A.; Ori, N.; Adam, Z.
Two types of FtsH protease subunits are required for chloroplast biogenesis and photosystem II repair in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
17
2782-2790
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39102), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W585), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FH02), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, F.; Park, S.; Rodermel, S.R.
The Arabidopsis FtsH metalloprotease gene family: interchangeability of subunits in chloroplast oligomeric complexes
Plant J.
37
864-876
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zaltsman, A.; Feder, A.; Adam, Z.
Developmental and light effects on the accumulation of FtsH protease in Arabidopsis chloroplasts--implications for thylakoid formation and photosystem II maintenance
Plant J.
42
609-617
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, J.; Burke, J.J.; Velten, J.; Xin, Z.
FtsH11 protease plays a critical role in Arabidopsis thermotolerance
Plant J.
48
73-84
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sinvany-Villalobo, G.; Davydov, O.; Ben-Ari, G.; Zaltsman, A.; Raskind, A.; Adam, Z.
Expression in multigene families. Analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteases
Plant Physiol.
135
1336-1345
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, F.; Park, S.; Rodermel, S.R.
Functional redundancy of AtFtsH metalloproteases in thylakoid membrane complexes
Plant Physiol.
138
1957-1966
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zelisko, A.; Garcia-Lorenzo, M.; Jackowski, G.; Jansson, S.; Funk, C.
AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
102
13699-13704
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kolodziejczak, M.; Gibala, M.; Urantowka, A.; Janska, H.
The significance of Arabidopsis AAA proteases for activity and assembly/stability of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes
Physiol. Plant.
129
135-142
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Shen, G.; Adam, Z.; Zhang, H.
The E3 ligase AtCHIP ubiquitylates FtsH1, a component of the chloroplast FtsH protease, and affects protein degradation in chloroplasts
Plant J.
52
309-321
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Liu, X.; Yu, F.; Rodermel, S.
Arabidopsis chloroplast FtsH, var2 and suppressors of var2 leaf variegation: a review
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
52
750-761
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860), Arabidopsis thaliana (O80983), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q1PDW5), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39102), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q84WU8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8VZI8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W585), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGM0), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FH02), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FIM2), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SAJ3), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SD67), Escherichia coli, Synechocystis sp.
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yamamoto, Y.; Aminaka, R.; Yoshioka, M.; Khatoon, M.; Komayama, K.; Takenaka, D.; Yamashita, A.; Nijo, N.; Inagawa, K.; Morita, N.; Sasaki, T.; Yamamoto, Y.
Quality control of photosystem II: impact of light and heat stresses
Photosynth. Res.
98
589-608
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860), Arabidopsis thaliana (O80983), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q1PDW5), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39102), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q84WU8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8VZI8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W585), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGM0), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FH02), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FIM2), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SAJ3), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SD67), Escherichia coli (P0AAI3), Spinacia oleracea, Synechocystis sp.
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhang, L.; Wei, Q.; Wu, W.; Cheng, Y.; Hu, G.; Hu, F.; Sun, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Sakamoto, W.; Huang, J.
Activation of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit GPA1 suppresses the ftsh-mediated inhibition of chloroplast development in Arabidopsis
Plant J.
58
1041-1053
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yoshioka, M.; Yamamoto, Y.
Quality control of Photosystem II: Where and how does the degradation of the D1 protein by FtsH proteases start under light stress? - Facts and hypotheses
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B
104
229-235
2011
Synechocystis sp., Arabidopsis thaliana, Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhang, D.; Kato, Y.; Zhang, L.; Fujimoto, M.; Tsutsumi, N.; Sodmergen, N.; Sakamoto, W.
The FtsH protease heterocomplex in Arabidopsis: dispensability of type-B protease activity for proper chloroplast development
Plant Cell
22
3710-3725
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Adam, Z.; Frottin, F.; Espagne, C.; Meinnel, T.; Giglione, C.
Interplay between N-terminal methionine excision and FtsH protease is essential for normal chloroplast development and function in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
23
3745-3760
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Rodrigues, R.A.; Silva-Filho, M.C.; Cline, K.
FtsH2 and FtsH5: two homologous subunits use different integration mechanisms leading to the same thylakoid multimeric complex
Plant J.
65
600-609
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yoshioka-Nishimura, M.; Yamamoto, Y.
Quality control of Photosystem II: The molecular basis for the action of FtsH protease and the dynamics of the thylakoid membranes
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B
137
100-106
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana, Spinacia oleracea
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wagner, R.; Aigner, H.; Funk, C.
FtsH proteases located in the plant chloroplast
Physiol. Plant.
145
203-214
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhang, S.; Zhang, D.; Yang, C.
AtFtsH4 perturbs the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Plant Signal. Behav.
9
1-4
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Moldavski, O.; Levin-Kravets, O.; Ziv, T.; Adam, Z.; Prag, G.
The hetero-hexameric nature of a chloroplast AAA+ FtsH protease contributes to its thermodynamic stability
PLoS ONE
7
e36008
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FH02)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, J.; Burke, J.J.; Xin, Z.
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed essential roles of FtsH11 protease in regulation of the adaptive responses of photosynthetic systems to high temperature
BMC Plant Biol.
18
11
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGM0)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Adam, Z.; Aviv-Sharon, E.; Keren-Paz, A.; Naveh, L.; Rozenberg, M.; Savidor, A.; Chen, J.
The chloroplast envelope protease FTSH11 - interaction with CPN60 and identification of potential substrates
Front. Plant Sci.
10
428
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGM0)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wang, L.; Kim, C.; Xu, X.; Piskurewicz, U.; Dogra, V.; Singh, S.; Mahler, H.; Apel, K.
Singlet oxygen- and EXECUTER1-mediated signaling is initiated in grana margins and depends on the protease FtsH2
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
113
E3792-E3800
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (O80860)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team