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Gag protein + H2O
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recombinant His6-tagged spumaretroviral Gag proteins expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21, determination of cleavage/processing sites by N-terminal sequence determination and mass spectrometry, overview
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Gag protein precursor + H2O
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Gag protein-derived peptides + H2O
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recombinant peptide substrate derived from spumaretroviral Gag protein
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-
?
GSYVVNCNTKK + H2O
GSYVVN + CNTKK
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-
?
HSRV pr71Gag + H2O
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efficiently but not completely cleaved at the p68gag/p3 cleavage site
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-
?
IHLIAAVKAV + H2O
IHLIA + AVKAV
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-
?
PDGVFPVTTPDLR + H2O
PDGVF + PVTTPDLR
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-
?
PEGVFYTDGSR + H2O
PEGVF + YTDGSR
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-
-
?
PGHWVNQVGHR + H2O
PGHWVN + QVGHR
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-
-
?
PIQHIRSVTGE + H2O
PIQHIR + SVTGE
Pol protein precursor + H2O
?
PQHWVNQVGHR + H2O
PQHWVN + QVGHR
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-
-
?
PRAVNTVTOR + H2O
PRAVN + TVTOR
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-
?
PRAVNTVTQR + H2O
PRAVN + TVTQR
PRCIINAILGG + H2O
PRCIIN + AILGG
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-
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?
PRCRIINAILGG + H2O
PRCRIIN + AILGG
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-
-
?
PYVVNCNTK + H2O
PYVVN + CNTK
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-
-
?
RAVNTVTQ + H2O
RAVN + TVTQ
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-
-
?
SRAVNTVTOS + H2O
SRAVN + TVTOS
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oligopeptide representing the Gag(nucleocapsi)-cleavage site in human foamy virus
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?
SRAVNTVTQS + H2O
SRAVN + TVTQS
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molecular model of Human foamy virus protease PR indicated, role of residues being close to the catalytic aspartates in the higher pH optimum and in the lower dimer stability of Human foamy virus protease PR in comparison with Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease PR analyzed
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?
SRAVYTITPE + H2O
SRAVY + TITPE
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-
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?
VPTINNVHTS + H2O
VPTIN + NVHTS
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-
-
?
VSQAYPIVG + H2O
VSQAY + PIVG
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X: Cys and Ala are preferred at P2 position
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?
VSQCYPIVG + H2O
VSQCY + PIVG
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X: Cys and Ala are preferred at P2 position
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?
additional information
?
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Gag protein precursor + H2O
?
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?
Gag protein precursor + H2O
?
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-
-
?
GB1-GFP + H2O
?
prototype foamy virus
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peptide substrate, harboring the simian foamy virus mac reverse transcriptase-viral integrase cleavage site of the Pol polyprotein, ATQGSYVVHCNTTP, between immunoglobulin binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G, GB1, and green fluorescent protein, GFP
cleavage occurs at YVVH-CNTT
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?
GB1-GFP + H2O
?
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peptide substrate, harboring the simian foamy virus mac reverse transcriptase-viral integrase cleavage site of the Pol polyprotein, ATQGSYVVHCNTTP, between immunoglobulin binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G, GB1, and green fluorescent protein, GFP
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?
GB1-GFP + H2O
?
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peptide substrate, harboring the simian foamy virus mac reverse transcriptase-viral integrase cleavage site of the Pol polyprotein, ATQGSYVVHCNTTP, between immunoglobulin binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G, GB1, and green fluorescent protein, GFP
cleavage occurs at YVVH-CNTT
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?
GB1-GFP + H2O
?
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peptide substrate, harboring the simian foamy virus mac reverse transcriptase-viral integrase cleavage site of the Pol polyprotein, ATQGSYVVHCNTTP, between immunoglobulin binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G, GB1, and green fluorescent protein,GFP
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?
PIQHIRSVTGE + H2O
PIQHIR + SVTGE
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-
-
?
PIQHIRSVTGE + H2O
PIQHIR + SVTGE
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?
Pol protein precursor + H2O
?
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?
Pol protein precursor + H2O
?
analysis of cleavage sites of Human foamy virus protease PR, mutations around the cleavage site of the Human foamy virus Pol precursor protein shown to affect enzymatic activities of the protease PR
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?
pr74 + H2O
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the cleavage site that leads to the formation of the HFV gag proteins p70 and p3 is located 27 amino acid residues upstream of the carboxy terminus of the p74 gag precursor
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?
pr74 + H2O
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Pr74 is the gag precursor protein with a molecular mass of 74000 Da from which a 70000 Da protein, p70, is cleaved by the viral protease. Carboxy-terminal cleavage of the human foamy virus Gag precursor molecule is an essential step in the viral life cycle, absolute requirement for viral infectivity
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?
PRAVNTVTQR + H2O
PRAVN + TVTQR
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?
PRAVNTVTQR + H2O
PRAVN + TVTQR
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analysis of cleavage sites and kinetics with synthetic peptide substrates
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?
additional information
?
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the Glu54 residue of the enzyme is an essential specificity determinant for proteolytic processing of the structural proteins
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme is essential for infectivity but not for formation of the 120000 Da Pol polyprotein
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?
additional information
?
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spumaretroviruses produce separate Pol and Gag precursor proteins from spliced mRNA in contrast to other retroviruses
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?
additional information
?
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positions P2' and P2 of the cleavage site are invariant and Gag and Pol cleavage sites are processed with similar efficiencies. Pol cleavage is independent of Gag cleavage efficiency. Mutant Gag N621G is almost completely processed, whereas the infectivity of the virus particles is decreased by more than one order of magnitude. Mutations Gag V620G and Gag V623G result in impaired Gag maturation. Overall, Gag cleavaeg efficiency correlates with viral infectivity
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?
PAIDGVFPVTTPDLRCRIINAILGGNI + H2O
additional information
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two cleavage sites: PAIDGVF-PVTTPDLRCRIIN-AILGGNI
?
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Mauere, B.; Bannert, H.; Darai, G.; Fluegel, R.M.
Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus
J. Virol.
62
1590-1597
1988
Human spumaretrovirus (P14349)
brenda
Fenyofalvi, G.; Bagossi, P.; Copeland, T.D.; Oroszlan, S.; Boross, P.; Tozser, J.
Expression and characterization of human foamy virus proteinase
FEBS Lett.
462
397-401
1999
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Pfrepper, K.I.; Lochelt, M.; Rackwitz, H.R.; Schnolzer, M.; Heid, H.; Flugel, R.M.
Molecular characterization of proteolytic processing of the Gag proteins of human spumavirus
J. Virol.
73
7907-7911
1999
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Pfrepper, K.I.; Reed, J.; Rackwitz, H.R.; Schnolzer, M.; Flugel, R.M.
Characterization of peptide substrates and viral enzyme that affect the cleavage site specificity of the human spumaretrovirus proteinase
Virus Genes
22
61-72
2001
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Enssle, J.; Fischer, N.; Moebes, A.; Mauer, B.; Smola, U.; Rethwilm, A.
Carboxy-terminal cleavage of the human foamy virus Gag precursor molecule is an essential step in the viral life cycle
J. Virol.
71
7312-7317
1997
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Konvalinka, J.; Lochelt, M.; Zentgraf, H.; Flugel, R.M.; Krausslich, H.G.
Active foamy virus proteinase is essential for virus infectivity but not for formation of a Pol polyprotein
J. Virol.
69
7264-7268
1995
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Pfrepper, K.I.; Lochelt, M.; Schnolzer, M.; Flugel, R.M.
Expression and molecular characterization of an enzymatically active recombinant human spumaretrovirus protease
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
237
548-553
1997
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Bagossi, P.; Sperka, T.; Feher, A.; Kadas, J.; Zahuczky, G.; Miklossy, G.; Boross, P.; Toezser, J.
Amino acid preferences for a critical substrate binding subsite of retroviral proteases in type 1 cleavage sites
J. Virol.
79
4213-4218
2005
human foamy virus
brenda
Konvalinka, J.; Kraeusslich, H.
Spumapepsins
Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes (Barrett, J. ; Rawlings, N. D. ; Woessner, J. F. , eds. )
1
188-190
2004
Human spumaretrovirus
-
brenda
Pfrepper, K.I.; Fluegel, R.M.
Molecular characterization of proteolytic processing of the Gag proteins of human spumaretrovirus
Methods Mol. Biol.
304
435-444
2005
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Roy, J.; Linial, M.L.
Role of the foamy virus Pol cleavage site in viral replication
J. Virol.
81
4956-4962
2007
Human spumaretrovirus (P14349)
brenda
Sperka, T.; Boross, P.; Eizert, H.; Toezser, J.; Bagossi, P.
Effect of mutations on the dimer stability and the pH optimum of the human foamy virus protease
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.
19
369-375
2006
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Hartl, M.J.; Woehrl, B.M.; Roesch, P.; Schweimer, K.
The solution structure of the simian foamy virus protease reveals a monomeric protein
J. Mol. Biol.
381
141-149
2008
Simian foamy virus (P23074)
brenda
Hartl, M.; Schweimer, K.; Reger, M.; Schwarzinger, S.; Bodem, J.; Roesch, P.; Woehrl, B.
Formation of transient dimers by a retroviral protease
Biochem. J.
427
197-203
2010
Simian foamy virus
brenda
Lee, E.; Roy, J.; Jackson, D.; Clark, P.; Boyer, P.; Hughes, S.; Linial, M.
Foamy retrovirus integrase contains a pol dimerization domain required for protease activation
J. Virol.
85
1655-1661
2011
Simian foamy virus
brenda
Hartl, M.J.; Bodem, J.; Jochheim, F.; Rethwilm, A.; Roesch, P.; Woehrl, B.M.
Regulation of foamy virus protease activity by viral RNA: a novel and unique mechanism among retroviruses
J. Virol.
85
4462-4469
2011
Simian foamy virus
brenda
Hartl, M.; Mayr, F.; Rethwilm, A.; Woehrl, B.
Biophysical and enzymatic properties of the simian and prototype foamy virus reverse transcriptases
Retrovirology
7
05
2010
Simian foamy virus, prototype foamy virus
brenda
Spannaus, R.; Bodem, J.
Determination of the protease cleavage site repertoire - the RNase H but not the RT domain is essential for foamy viral protease activity
Virology
454-455
145-156
2014
Human spumaretrovirus
brenda
Moschall, R.; Denk, S.; Erkelenz, S.; Schenk, C.; Schaal, H.; Bodem, J.
A purine-rich element in foamy virus pol regulates env splicing and gag/pol expression
Retrovirology
14
10
2017
human foamy virus (P14350)
brenda