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Information on EC 3.4.22.56 - caspase-3 and Organism(s) Rattus norvegicus and UniProt Accession P55213
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3.4.22.56 caspase-3Specify your search results
Word Map
- 3.4.22.56
- bcl-2
- caspase-9
- necrosis
-
tunel
- parp
-
anti-apoptotic
-
neuroprotective
-
pro-apoptotic
- tnf
- endothelial
-
annexin
- leukemia
-
apoptosis-related
- mapks
- fas
- ischemia
- dismutase
-
deoxynucleotidyl
- erk
-
neurotoxicity
- artery
- cyclin
- cerebral
- dutp
- malondialdehyde
-
reperfusion
- infarct
- nick
- cardiac
- sirna
-
apoptosis-inducing
- myocardial
- gsh
- cardiomyocytes
-
sham
- c-jun
- cisplatin
- survivin
-
transferase-mediated
- iodide
- hippocampal
- adp-ribose
-
hoechst
-
antiproliferative
-
caspase-dependent
-
polyadp-ribose
- bid
-
ischemia-reperfusion
- propidium
-
ladder
- analysis
- drug development
- molecular biology
- medicine
- diagnostics
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Rattus norvegicus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
strict requirement for an Asp residue at positions P1 and P4. It has a preferred cleavage sequence of Asp-Xaa-Xaa-Asp-/- with a hydrophobic amino-acid residue at P2 and a hydrophilic amino-acid residue at P3, although Val or Ala are also accepted at this position
Synonyms
caspase-3, caspase 3, casp3, sca-1, cpp32, casp-3, cas-3, cpp-32, apopain, cgcaspase-3, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
apopain
-
-
-
-
C14.003
-
-
-
-
CASP-3
-
-
-
-
caspase 3
CPP-32
-
-
-
-
CPP32
-
-
-
-
CPP32/apopain
-
-
-
-
cysteine protease CPP32
-
-
-
-
IRP
-
-
-
-
SCA-1
-
-
-
-
SREBP cleavage activity 1
-
-
-
-
Yama protein
-
-
-
-
Yama/CPP32
-
-
-
-
caspase 3
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
-
-
-
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
169592-56-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
Ac-DEVD-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
Ac-DEVD + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
the active site of caspase-3 is located at Cys163, which plays a key role in substrate hydration
-
-
?
Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-4-nitroanilide + H2O
Asp-Glu-Val-Asp + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
DEVD-7-amido-4-fluoromethylcoumarin + H2O
DEVD + 7-amino-4-fluoromethylcoumarin
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activated caspase-3 in irradiation-induced microglia death. This age-dependent irradiation-induced loss of microglia likely affects both the response to irradiation and further brain development, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation of caspase-3, an executioner caspase, plays a key role in the apoptotic cascade
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in apoptosis in thymocytes, enzyme inhibition increases cell survival, regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in the ischemic brain injury during experimental stroke. In vitro nitric oxide regulates calpain and caspase-3 activation, and in vivo neuronal nitric oxide synthase, calpain and caspase-3 participate in the ischemic brain injury, inhibition of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole leads to downregulation of caspase-3, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
direct activation of procaspase-3 by caspase-9 and caspase-8 in type I cells, radiation-induced sensitization of hepatocytes to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis additionally requires changes upstream of caspase-8 activation, regulation of caspase-8 and apoptosis in hepatocytes, overview. Irradiation induces TNF-alpha-mediated activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Apoptosis induction is prevented by IkappaB antisense oligonucleotides mediated by suppression of caspases-9 and -3 activation but not of caspase-8 activation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme regulation in response to damaging agents like ethanol and acetylsalicylic acid in gastric mucosa, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
increased cytosolic cytochrome c and subsequently caspase-3 activation are additional signs of neuronal death via the mitochondrial pathway. Bradykinin administration significantly attenuates ischemia-induced neuronal death, and also suppresses the release of MnSOD, and cytochrome c, and prevents caspase-3 activation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
N-methyl-D-aspartate induces the activation of caspase-3 and the caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway, the activation is prevented by the autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, overview. Blockade of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha activity prevents N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced caspase-3 activation and provides significant neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced ganglion cell loss in a retina toxicity model
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
T-cells show activated caspase-3 with the preservation of photoreceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
procaspase-3 is activated by caspase-9 and caspase-8
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
activated caspase-3 in irradiation-induced microglia death. This age-dependent irradiation-induced loss of microglia likely affects both the response to irradiation and further brain development, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation of caspase-3, an executioner caspase, plays a key role in the apoptotic cascade
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in apoptosis in thymocytes, enzyme inhibition increases cell survival, regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
caspase-3 is involved in the ischemic brain injury during experimental stroke. In vitro nitric oxide regulates calpain and caspase-3 activation, and in vivo neuronal nitric oxide synthase, calpain and caspase-3 participate in the ischemic brain injury, inhibition of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole leads to downregulation of caspase-3, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
direct activation of procaspase-3 by caspase-9 and caspase-8 in type I cells, radiation-induced sensitization of hepatocytes to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis additionally requires changes upstream of caspase-8 activation, regulation of caspase-8 and apoptosis in hepatocytes, overview. Irradiation induces TNF-alpha-mediated activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Apoptosis induction is prevented by IkappaB antisense oligonucleotides mediated by suppression of caspases-9 and -3 activation but not of caspase-8 activation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme regulation in response to damaging agents like ethanol and acetylsalicylic acid in gastric mucosa, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
increased cytosolic cytochrome c and subsequently caspase-3 activation are additional signs of neuronal death via the mitochondrial pathway. Bradykinin administration significantly attenuates ischemia-induced neuronal death, and also suppresses the release of MnSOD, and cytochrome c, and prevents caspase-3 activation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
N-methyl-D-aspartate induces the activation of caspase-3 and the caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway, the activation is prevented by the autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, overview. Blockade of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha activity prevents N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced caspase-3 activation and provides significant neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced ganglion cell loss in a retina toxicity model
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
T-cells show activated caspase-3 with the preservation of photoreceptors
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3-hydroxyl-anthranilamide
-
inhibits caspase-3, the compound is isolated from Streptomyces sp., a mangrove actinomycete, strain 061316
8-hydroxyl-2,4-dioxoquinazoline
-
inhibits caspase-3, the compound is isolated from Streptomyces sp., a mangrove actinomycete, strain 061316
myricetin
-
myricetin directly interacts with the active site of caspase-3 via three hydrogen bonds, via two hydroxyl groups on the B ring of myricetin interacting with Glu123 and the ether oxygen on the C ring interacting with Arg207, and myricetin directly inhibits caspase-3 activity, thereby inhibiting glutamate-induced cell death, but myricetin inhibits glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity by multiple biochemical pathways, e.g. inhibition of NMDA receptor 1 Ser-890 phosphorylation, overview. Molecular docking analysis by Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations
survivin
-
inhibits processing of procaspase-3 and specifically binds the active form of caspase-3 through a baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP, repeat domain
-
taurocholate
-
at low concentrations of 0.00001-0.1 mM it increases caspase-3 activity, but at larger doses of 0.5-10 mM it reverses stimulation to inhibition. It inhibits the caspase-3 pathway and prevents ethanol-induced caspase-3 activation leading to inhibition of apoptosis, overview
additional information
-
IkappaB-antisense oligonucleotides inhibit caspase-9 but also caspase-3 activity
-
additional information
-
thiorphan, a specific NEP/CD10 inhibitor, causes downregulation of procaspase-3 mRNA levels and suppression of caspase-3 activity in a neurokinin-1 receptor-dependent manner. The effect is abrogated by the NK1R antagonist (S)1-{2-[3(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-iso-propoxyphenylacetyl)-piperidine-3-yl]ethyl}-4-pheny-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, chloride, i.e. SR140333, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibitory activity of compounds 3-hydroxyl-2-N-iso-butyryl-anthranilamide, anthranilamide, 8-hydroxyl-4(3H)-quinazoline, and 8-hydroxyl-2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazoline from Streptomyces sp., a mangrove actinomycete, strain 061316
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
carboxyfluorescein-valyl-alanyl-aspartic-acid fluoromethyl ketone
-
the FAM-peptide irreversibly binds to active caspases
cytochrome c
-
forebrain ischemia causes release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and translocation to the nucleus, which induces caspase-3 activation
TNF-alpha/irradiation
-
leads to an increase of caspase-3, administration of TNF-alpha to non-irradiated hepatocytes does not lead to an increased activity of caspase-3, administration of TNF-alpha to non-irradiated hepatocytes does not lead to an increased activity of caspase-3. Irradiation induces TNF-alpha-mediated activation of caspase-3, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Apoptosis induction is prevented by IkappaB antisense oligonucleotides mediated by suppression of caspases-3 activation, overview
-
additional information
-
caspase-3 is induced by physical activiy and energy intake, regulation, overview
-
additional information
-
direct activation of procaspase-3 by caspase-9 and caspase-8 in type I cells through proteolytic cleavage
-
additional information
-
ethanol and acetylsalicylic acid induce caspase-3 activation, which is inhibited by taurocholate at low concentrations of 0.00001-0.1 mM
-
additional information
-
irradiation induces caspase-3 activity about 5fold
-
additional information
-
N-methyl-D-aspartate induces caspase-3 activation, mechanism, overview, autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide attenuates caspase-3 activation
-
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
caspase-3 activity in healthy hippocampus, hippocampus after 8 min of transient forebrain ischemia, and after 3 days of reperfusion, overview
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
the active caspase-3 expression is higher in the anterior pole of the lens
additional information
-
priary neuronal cell culture derived from cerebral cortex of fetal rats
-
neuronal cortical cell, during glutamte-induced apoptotic cell death, glutamate induces activation of calpain, enzyme and translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor AIF to cytosol and nuclei. These processes are inhibited/reversed by 17beta-estradiol and DELTA8,17beta-estradiol with the latter being more potent
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
caspase-3 is involved in normal protein turnover caused by, for example, incident light
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CASP3_RAT
277
0
31492
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
proteolytic modification
proteolytic modification
-
caspase-3 is activated from procaspase-3 by cleavage
proteolytic modification
-
procaspase-3 is activated by cleavage through caspase-8 and caspase-9 leading to apoptosis
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
C163G
-
transfection of human breast cancer cells lacking enzyme with wild-type or mutant cDNA. Expression of wild-type, but not the inactive mutants C163G or C163S, is associated with increased enzyme activity and susceptibility to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Wild-type and mutant transfection results in inhibition of cell growth and decrease in phosphorylation of the Akt protein compared to control
C163S
-
transfection of human breast cancer cells lacking enzyme with wild-type or mutant cDNA. Expression of wild-type, but not the inactive mutants C163G or C163S, is associated with increased enzyme activity and susceptibility to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Wild-type and mutant transfection results in inhibition of cell growth and decrease in phosphorylation of the Akt protein compared to control
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
administration of ethanol induces a transient increase of the expression of caspase-3 which can be partially blocked by the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
-
astaxanthine at 0.1 mM protects PC12 cells from damaging effects of beta-amyloid peptide 25-35 by partially down-regulating the activation of caspase 3
-
caspase-3 activity in gastric mucosa shows 2.5fold increase in non-diabetic rats that receive indomethacin, 3.5fold increase in diabetic indomethacin-treated rats, and 1fold-increase in diabetic telmisartan-treated rats that receive indomethacin as compared to the control group
-
caspase-3 levels are significantly elevated in the diabetic rat sciatic nerve
-
crude Silybum marianum extract treatments significantly lower activation of procaspase-3 to active caspase-3
-
following prolonged epileptic seizures, a mild as well as a severe insult produces caspase-3-negative necrotic neurons
-
serum caspase-3 decreases 5.8 times in rats with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantated via the left carotid artery compared to control groups
-
sesamol treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibits caspase-3 activity in streptozotocin-injected rats
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
diagnostics
medicine
-
during glutamte-induced apoptotic cell death, glutamate induces activation of calpain, enzyme and translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor AIF to cytosol and nuclei. These processes are inhibited/reversed by 17beta-estradiol and DELTA8,17beta-estradiol with the latter being more potent
diagnostics
-
caspase-3 activity is a marker for cell death, e.g. in microglia, overview
diagnostics
-
caspase-3 is a helpful indicator of apoptosis induction, e.g. in mammary carcinomas
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Flaws, J.A.; Kugu, K.; Trbovich, A.M.; Desanti, A.; Tilly, K.I.; Hirshfield, A.N.; Tilly, J.L.
Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-related proteases (IRPs) and mammalian cell death: dissociation of IRP-induced oligonucleosomal endonuclease activity from morphological apoptosis in granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle
Endocrinology
136
5042-5053
1995
Rattus norvegicus (P55213)
Ni, B.; Wu, X.; Du, Y.; Su, Y.; Hamilton-Byrd, E.; Rockey, P.K.; Rosteck, P.Jr.; Poirier, G.G.; Paul, S.M.
Cloning and expression of a rat brain interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-related protease (IRP) and its possible role in apoptosis of cultured cerebellar granule neurons
J. Neurosci.
17
1561-1569
1997
Rattus norvegicus (P55213)
Gottlob, K.; Fulco, M.; Levrero, M.; Graessmann, A.
The hepatitis B virus HBx protein inhibits caspase 3 activity
J. Biol. Chem.
273
33347-33353
1998
Rattus norvegicus
Zhang, Y.; Bhavnani, B.R.
Glutamate-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells is mediated via caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms involving calpain and caspase-3 proteases as well as apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and this process is inhibited by equine estrogens
BMC Neurosci.
7
49
2006
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Faraglia, B.; Bonsignore, A.; Scaldaferri, F.; Boninsegna, A.; Cittadini, A.; Mancuso, C.; Sgambato, A.
Caspase-3 inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells independent of protease activity
J. Cell. Physiol.
202
478-482
2005
Rattus norvegicus
Goebel, D.J.
Selective blockade of CaMKII-alpha inhibits NMDA-induced caspase-3-dependent cell death but does not arrest PARP-1 activation or loss of plasma membrane selectivity in rat retinal neurons
Brain Res.
1256
190-204
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Jiang, W.; Zhu, Z.; Thompson, H.J.
Effects of physical activity and restricted energy intake on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis
Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)
2
338-344
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Danielisova, V.; Gottlieb, M.; Nemethova, M.; Krav?ukova, P.; Domorakova, I.; Mechirova, E.; Burda, J.
Bradykinin postconditioning protects pyramidal CA1 neurons against delayed neuronal death in rat hippocampus
Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.
29
871-878
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Mustonen, H.; Puolakkainen, P.; Kemppainen, E.; Kiviluoto, T.; Kivilaakso, E.
Taurocholate potentiates ethanol-induced NF-kappaB activation and inhibits caspase-3 activity in cultured rat gastric mucosal cells
Digest. Dis. Sci.
54
928-936
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Kalm, M.; Lannering, B.; Bjoerk-Eriksson, T.; Blomgren, K.
Irradiation-induced loss of microglia in the young brain
J. Neuroimmunol.
206
70-75
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Shimmyo, Y.; Kihara, T.; Akaike, A.; Niidome, T.; Sugimoto, H.
Three distinct neuroprotective functions of myricetin against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death: involvement of direct inhibition of caspase-3
J. Neurosci. Res.
86
1836-1845
2008
Rattus norvegicus
Camelo, S.; Lajavardi, L.; Bochot, A.; Goldenberg, B.; Naud, M.C.; Brunel, N.; Lescure, B.; Klein, C.; Fattal, E.; Behar-Cohen, F.; de Kozak, Y.
Protective effect of intravitreal injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide-loaded liposomes on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis
J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.
25
9-21
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Amantini, C.; Mosca, M.; Lucciarini, R.; Perfumi, M.C.; Santoni, G.
Thiorphan-induced survival and proliferation of rat thymocytes by activation of Akt/survivin pathway and inhibition of caspase-3 activity
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
327
215-225
2008
Rattus norvegicus
Sun, M.; Zhao, Y.; Gu, Y.; Xu, C.
Inhibition of nNOS reduces ischemic cell death through down-regulating calpain and caspase-3 after experimental stroke
Neurochem. Int.
54
339-346
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Guerleyen, H.; Christiansen, H.; Tello, K.; Dudas, J.; Hermann, R.M.; Rave-Fraenk, M.; Hess, C.F.; Ramadori, G.; Saile, B.
Irradiation leads to sensitization of hepatocytes to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis by upregulation of IkappaB expression
Radiat. Environ. Biophys.
48
85-94
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Teschendorf, P.; Vogel, P.; Wippel, A.; Krumnikl, J.J.; Spoehr, F.; Boettiger, B.W.; Popp, E.
The effect of intracerebroventricular application of the caspase-3 inhibitor zDEVD-FMK on neurological outcome and neuronal cell death after global cerebral ischaemia due to cardiac arrest in rats
Resuscitation
78
85-91
2008
Rattus norvegicus
Cao, H.; Qian, H.; Xu, W.; Zhu, W.; Zhang, X.; Chen, Y.; Wang, M.; Yan, Y.; Xie, Y.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure in rats
Biotechnol. Lett.
32
725-732
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Fouad, A.A.; Al-Sultan, A.I.; Yacoubi, M.T.; Gomaa, W.
Ameliorative effects of telmisartan in diabetic rats with indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration
Eur. J. Pharmacol.
637
162-170
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Aghazadeh, S.; Amini, R.; Yazdanparast, R.; Ghaffari, S.H.
Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Silybum marianum in treatment of experimental steatohepatitis
Exp. Toxicol. Pathol.
63
569-574
2011
Rattus norvegicus
Chang, C.H.; Chen, C.Y.; Chiou, J.Y.; Peng, R.Y.; Peng, C.H.
Astaxanthine secured apoptotic death of PC12 cells induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25-35: its molecular action targets
J. Med. Food
13
548-556
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Chopra, K.; Tiwari, V.; Arora, V.; Kuhad, A.
Sesamol suppresses neuro-inflammatory cascade in experimental model of diabetic neuropathy
J. Pain
11
950-957
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Chok, M.K.; Conti, M.; Almolki, A.; Ferlicot, S.; Loric, S.; Duerrbach, A.; Benoit, G.; Droupy, S.; Eschwege, P.
Renoprotective potency of amifostine in rat renal ischaemia-reperfusion
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.
25
3845-3851
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Fujikawa, D.G.; Zhao, S.; Ke, X.; Shinmei, S.S.; Allen, S.G.
Mild as well as severe insults produce necrotic, not apoptotic, cells: evidence from 60-min seizures
Neurosci. Lett.
469
333-337
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Botia, B.; Jolivel, V.; Burel, D.; Le Joncour, V.; Roy, V.; Naassila, M.; Benard, M.; Fournier, A.; Vaudry, H.; Vaudry, D.
Neuroprotective Effects of PACAP Against Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in the Developing Rat Cerebellum
Neurotox. Res.
19
423-434
2010
Rattus norvegicus
Chen, G.; Gao, H.; Tang, J.; Huang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, H.; Lin, H.; Xie, Q.; Hong, K.; Li, J.; Yao, X.
Benzamides and quinazolines from a mangrove actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. (No. 061316) and their inhibiting caspase-3 catalytic activity in vitro
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
59
447-451
2011
Rattus norvegicus
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