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Information on EC 3.2.1.14 - chitinase and Organism(s) Serratia marcescens and UniProt Accession P11797

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EC Tree
     3 Hydrolases
         3.2 Glycosylases
             3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
                3.2.1.14 chitinase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme binds to chitin and randomly cleaves glycosidic linkages in chitin and chitodextrins in a non-processive mode, generating chitooligosaccharides and free ends on which exo-chitinases and exo-chitodextrinases can act. Activity is greatly stimulated in the presence of EC 1.14.99.53, lytic chitin monoxygenase, which attacks the crystalline structure of chitin and makes the polymer more accesible to the chitinase. cf. EC 3.2.1.202, endo-chitodextrinase.
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Serratia marcescens
UNIPROT: P11797
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Serratia marcescens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
chitinase, chitotriosidase, endochitinase, antifreeze protein, chit1, amcase, chitinase a, exochitinase, acidic mammalian chitinase, class i chitinase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
1,4-beta-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase
-
-
-
-
beta-1,4-poly-N-acetyl glucosamidinase
-
-
-
-
CF-AG
-
-
-
-
CF-antigen
-
-
-
-
CHI-26
-
-
-
-
ChiA Nima
-
-
CHIT 1A
-
-
-
-
CHIT 1B
-
-
-
-
chitinases A
-
-
chitodextrinase-N-
-
-
-
-
Complement-fixation antigen
-
-
-
-
endochitinase
MF1 antigen
-
-
-
-
poly-beta-glucosaminidase
-
-
-
-
UDA
-
-
-
-
additional information
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Random endo-hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins
show the reaction diagram
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(1->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucan glycanohydrolase
The enzyme binds to chitin and randomly cleaves glycosidic linkages in chitin and chitodextrins in a non-processive mode, generating chitooligosaccharides and free ends on which exo-chitinases and exo-chitodextrinases can act. Activity is greatly stimulated in the presence of EC 1.14.99.53, lytic chitin monoxygenase, which attacks the crystalline structure of chitin and makes the polymer more accesible to the chitinase. cf. EC 3.2.1.202, endo-chitodextrinase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9001-06-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chitin + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
N,N',N'',N''',N'''',N'''''-hexaacetylchitohexaose + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + ?
show the reaction diagram
the polymer disappears very slowly, while the initially produced oligomers almost exclusively had even-numbered chain lengths in the 2–12 range. ChiB is a processive chitinase
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAc + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAc + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAc
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAc + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
BJL200-ChiA and BJL200-ChiB have an approximately 30fold higher kcat and 15fold lower Km than BJL200-ChiC1 for the oligomeric substrate
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetylchitotetraoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetylchitotetraose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-N,N'-diacetylchitobioside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
allyl penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
beta-chitin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
substrate 3 micrometer beta-chitin
-
-
?
cell wall + H2O
chitin oligosaccharides
show the reaction diagram
-
from yeast
N-acetetylglucosamine and diacetylchitobiose
?
chitin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
chitin + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
chitin + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose + N-acetylglucosamine
show the reaction diagram
-
isoform ChiA is the most effective enzyme toward insoluble chitin, isoform ChiC1 is the most effective enzyme toward soluble chitin, ChiA, ChiB and ChiC1 hydrolyze water-soluble chitin very efficiently but powdered chitin is a very poor substrate
(GlcNAc)2 is almost exclusively generated from ChiA, ChiB and ChiC1, ChiA produced as minor products GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)3, ChiB produced as minor product only (GlcNAc)3, ChiC1 produced as minor product only GlcNAc
-
?
chitin + H2O
N,N-diacetylchitobiose + N-acetylglucosamine
show the reaction diagram
chito-oligosaccharides + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
chitodecaose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
best substrate
-
-
?
chitopentaose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
chitosan + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
CM-chitin-RBV + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
BJL200-ChiC1 is 10-15times faster than BJL200-ChiB and BJL200-ChiA in degrading the polymeric substrate CM-chitin-RBV
-
-
?
colloidal chitin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
N,N',N'',N''',N'''',N'''''-hexaacetylchitohexaose + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + ?
show the reaction diagram
N,N',N'',N''',N'''',N'''''-hexaacetylchitohexaose + H2O
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetylchitotetraose + N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
ChiA almost exclusively generates (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)4, ChiB and ChiC1 generated all three products
-
?
N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetylchitotetraose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chitin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
chitosan + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme ChiA Nima shows high antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus xylosus, overview
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
argadin
thermodynamics and enzyme-bound crystal structure, detailed overview
argifin
thermodynamics and enzyme-bound crystal structure, detailed overview
(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[(2R,5R,6R)-5-(acetylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazinan-6-yl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
potent inhibition, IC50 is 0.0047 mM, chemo-enzymatic synthesis via allyl penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose using recombinant NodC from Mesorhizobium loti expressed in Escherichia coli, overview
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0042
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside
pH 6.5, isozyme ChiA
0.0068 - 0.0798
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside
4.4
chitin
-
expressed in N-acetylglucosamine equivalents
additional information
additional information
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2 - 67.4
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside
1.7 - 13.9
beta-chitin
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00002
argadin
ChiB
0.033
argifin
ChiB
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0047
(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[(2R,5R,6R)-5-(acetylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazinan-6-yl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
Serratia marcescens
-
potent inhibition, IC50 is 0.0047 mM, chemo-enzymatic synthesis via allyl penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose using recombinant NodC from Mesorhizobium loti expressed in Escherichia coli, overview
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.0123
purified recombinant ChiC
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
3.9
with substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside, isozyme ChiC
6.3
-
assay at
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
4 - 10
additional information
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
18
-
assay at
25 - 45
depending on the pH, overview
37
-
assay at
60
-
ChiA and ChiB
65 - 70
-
ChiC1
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
15 - 85
activity range, over 50% activity at 30-60°C
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6.35
sequence calculation
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
phylogenetic analysis reveals the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, viruses, and insects. The Chit62 enzyme is clearly grouped with other bacterial chitinases, but with a clear distinction from previously reported Serratia marcescens
physiological function
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CHIB_SERMA
499
0
55464
Swiss-Prot
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
54000
x * 54000, SDS-PAGE
52000
58000
62000
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
x * 54000, SDS-PAGE
additional information
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
crystal structure analysis of ChiB bound to argadin or to argifin, molecular modelling, overview
crystal stucture analysis, overview
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
E144Q
complete loss of activity
F396A
-
site-directed mutagenesis of the +2 subsite residue of isozyme ChiA, the mutant shows only modest reductions in processivity, and shows reduced efficiency toward chitin and an up to 20fold higher activity toward chitosan
W167A
W167A/W275A
-
site-directed mutagenesis of the -3 and +1 subsites residues of isozyme ChiA, the mutant shows reduced efficiency toward chitin and an up to 20fold higher activity toward chitosan
W275A
-
site-directed mutagenesis of the +1 subsite residue of isozyme ChiA, the mutant shows only modest reductions in processivity, and shows reduced efficiency toward chitin and an up to 20fold higher activity toward chitosan
additional information
pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
4 - 9
purified enzyme, 50°C, 1 h, over 50% activity remaing within this range, completely stable at pH 6.0-8.0
729155
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
30
-
ChiC1: 40% of activity remained, ChiA and ChiB: 10% of activity remained
50
purified enzyme, pH 6.0, completely stable up to for 20 min
60
ChiA exhibits an endothermic irreversible transition at an apparent Tm of 60.7°C
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, 4 years, no loss of activity
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme 5fold from Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and dialysis
recombinant isozyme ChiC from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) periplasm in a one step procedure using hydrophobic interaction chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
overexpression in Escherichia coli
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3)
expression in Escherichia coli
expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli
-
gene chiA Nima
-
gene chiC, expression of ChiC in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) periplasm
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Cabib, E.; Sburlati, A.
Enzymatic determination of chitin
Methods Enzymol.
161
457-459
1988
Serratia marcescens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cabib, E.
Assay for chitinase using tritiated chitin
Methods Enzymol.
161
424-426
1988
Serratia marcescens, Triticum aestivum
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cabib, E.
Chitinase from Serratia marcescens
Methods Enzymol.
161
460-462
1988
Serratia marcescens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ohtakara, A.; Izume, M.; Mitsutomi, M.
Action of microbial chitinases on chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation
Agric. Biol. Chem.
52
3181-3182
1988
Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptomyces sp., Serratia marcescens, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces griseus
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Jones, J.D.G.; Grady, K.L.; Suslow, T.V.; Bedbrook, J.R.
Isolation and characterization of genes encoding two chitinase enzymes from Serratia marcescens
EMBO J.
5
467-473
1986
Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Roberts, R.L.; Cabib, E.
Serratia marcescens chitinase: one-step purification and use for the determination of chitin
Anal. Biochem.
127
402-412
1982
Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Watanabe, T.; Kanai, R.; Kawase, T.; Tanabe, T.; Mitsutomi, M.; Sakuda, S.; Miyashita, K.
Family 19 chitinases of Streptomyces species: characterization and distribution
Microbiology
145
3353-3363
1999
Niallia circulans, Streptomyces sp., Serratia marcescens, Streptomyces atrovirens, Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces cyanocolor, Streptomyces eurythermus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces ipomoeae, Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces plicatus, Streptomyces prasinopilosus, Streptomyces scabiei, Niallia circulans WL12, Streptomyces griseus HUT6037
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Suzuki, K.; Sugawara, N.; Suzuki, M.; Uchiyama, T.; Katouno, F.; Nikaidou, N.; Watanabe, T.
Chitinases A, B, and C1 of Serratia marcescens 2170 produced by recombinant Escherichia coli: enzymatic properties and synergism on chitin degradation
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
66
1075-1083
2002
Serratia marcescens, Serratia marcescens 2170
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
van Aalten, D.M.; Komander, D.; Synstad, B.; Gaseidnes, S.; Peter, M.G.; Eijsink, V.G.
Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of a family 18 exo-chitinase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
98
8979-8984
2001
Serratia marcescens (P11797), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Huang, G.L.; Zahng, D.W.; Zhao, H.J.; Zhang, H.C.; Wang, P.G.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of 1,4-oxazepanyl sugar as potent inhibitor of chitinase
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
14
2446-2449
2006
Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Aronson, N.N.Jr.; Halloran, B.A
Alexeyev, M.F.; Zhou, X.E.; Wang, Y.; Meehan, E.J.; Chen, L.: Mutation of a conserved tryptophan in the chitin-binding cleft of Serratia marcescens chitinase A enhances transglycosylation
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
70
243-251
2006
Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Horn, S.J.; Sorbotten, A.; Synstad, B.; Sikorski, P.; Sorlie, M.; Varum, K.M.; Eijsink, V.G.
Endo/exo mechanism and processivity of family 18 chitinases produced by Serratia marcescens
FEBS J.
273
491-503
2006
Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens (P11797), Serratia marcescens (Q068W1), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zees, A.C.; Pyrpassopoulos, S.; Vorgias, C.E.
Insights into the role of the (alpha+beta) insertion in the TIM-barrel catalytic domain, regarding the stability and the enzymatic activity of chitinase A from Serratia marcescens
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1794
23-31
2009
Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gouda, H.; Yanai, Y.; Sugawara, A.; Sunazuka, T.; Omura, S.; Hirono, S.
Computational analysis of the binding affinities of the natural-product cyclopentapeptides argifin and argadin to chitinase B from Serratia marcescens
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
16
3565-3579
2008
Serratia marcescens (P11797), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Synstad, B.; Vaaje-Kolstad, G.; Cederkvist, F.H.; Saua, S.F.; Horn, S.J.; Eijsink, V.G.; Sorlie, M.
Expression and characterization of endochitinase C from Serratia marcescens BJL200 and its purification by a one-step general chitinase purification method
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
72
715-723
2008
Serratia marcescens (Q700B8), Serratia marcescens, Serratia marcescens BJL200 (Q700B8), Serratia marcescens BJL200
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Barboza-Corona, J.E.; Gutierrez-Acosta, O.B.; Imperial-Cervantes, M.; Bideshi, D.K.; de la Fuente-Salcido, N.; Bautista-Justo, M.; Salcedo-Hernandez, R.
Generation of antibacterial oligosaccharides derived from chitin using heterologous endochitinase synthesized in Escherichia coli
J. Appl. Microbiol.
105
1511-1520
2008
Bacillus thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zakariassen, H.; Aam, B.B.; Horn, S.J.; Varum, K.M.; Soerlie, M.; Eijsink, V.G.
Aromatic residues in the catalytic center of chitinase A from Serratia marcescens affect processivity, enzyme activity, and biomass converting efficiency
J. Biol. Chem.
284
10610-10617
2009
Serratia marcescens, Serratia marcescens BJL200
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Duzhak, A.B.; Panfilova, Z.I.; Duzhak, T.G.; Vasyunina, E.A.
Extracellular chitinases of mutant superproducing strain Serratia marcescens M-1
Biochemistry (Moscow)
74
209-214
2009
Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens (P11797), Serratia marcescens (Q8VQN1), Serratia marcescens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Babashpour, S.; Aminzadeh, S.; Farrokhi, N.; Karkhane, A.; Haghbeen, K.
Characterization of a chitinase (Chit62) from Serratia marcescens B4A and its efficacy as a bioshield against plant fungal pathogens
Biochem. Genet.
50
722-735
2012
Serratia marcescens (E5FGC5), Serratia marcescens B4A (E5FGC5), Serratia marcescens B4A
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hamre, A.G.; Eide, K.B.; Wold, H.H.; Sorlie, M.
Activation of enzymatic chitin degradation by a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Carbohydr. Res.
407
166-169
2015
Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens (Q54276)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nakagawa, Y.S.; Eijsink, V.G.; Totani, K.; Vaaje-Kolstad, G.
Conversion of alpha-chitin substrates with varying particle size and crystallinity reveals substrate preferences of the chitinases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase of Serratia marcescens
J. Agric. Food Chem.
61
11061-11066
2013
Serratia marcescens, Serratia marcescens (P07254), Serratia marcescens (Q54276)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team