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Information on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Acts on starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in a random manner; reducing groups are liberated in the alpha-configuration. The term "alpha" relates to the initial anomeric configuration of the free sugar group released and not to the configuration of the linkage hydrolysed.
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UNIPROT: B5ARZ9
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Word Map
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
alpha-amylase, diastase, alpha amylase, pancreatic alpha-amylase, crustacean cardioactive peptide, maltogenic amylase, taka-amylase a, human salivary alpha-amylase, bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 2, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
AmyB
exo-acting intracellular alpha-amylase that possesses distinct characteristics from typical alpha-amylases and cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzymes such as maltogenic amylase, cyclodextrinase, and neopullulanase
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase
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Alpha-amylase carcinoid
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-
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Amy c6
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AMY1
-
-
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Amylase THC 250
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-
-
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amylase, alpha-
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-
-
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Amylopsin
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-
-
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Bactosol TK
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-
-
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Buclamase
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-
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Clarase
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-
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Clone 103
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Clone 168
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-
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Clone PHV19
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-
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Clones GRAMY56 and 963
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-
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diastase
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endoamylase
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Fortizyme
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-
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G 995
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-
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glycogenase
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-
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High pI alpha-amylase
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-
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Isozyme 1B
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-
-
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Kleistase L 1
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-
-
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Low pI alpha-amylase
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-
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Maxamyl
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-
-
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Maxilase
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-
-
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Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30
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-
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Pancreatic alpha-amylase
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-
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Pivozin
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Ptyalin
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Spitase CP 1
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-
-
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TAA
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-
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Taka-amylase A
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-
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Takatherm
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-
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Thermamyl
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-
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Thermolase
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase
Acts on starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in a random manner; reducing groups are liberated in the alpha-configuration. The term "alpha" relates to the initial anomeric configuration of the free sugar group released and not to the configuration of the linkage hydrolysed.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9000-90-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltohexaoside + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
amylase + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
amylopectin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
glycogen + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltoheptaose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltohexaose + H2O
3 maltose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltopentaose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltotetraose + H2O
2 maltose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltotriose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltohexaoside + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
amylase + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
amylopectin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
glycogen + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltoheptaose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltohexaose + H2O
3 maltose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltopentaose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltotetraose + H2O
2 maltose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
maltotriose + H2O
maltose + D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Co2+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Cu2+
52.2% residual activity at 1 mM
Hg2+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Mg2+
69.4% residual activity at 1 mM
Mn2+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Urea
25.8% residual activity at 1 mM
Zn2+
70.4% residual activity at 1 mM
additional information
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2.46
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltohexaoside
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
3.37
maltoheptaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
1.69
maltopentaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
1.26
maltotriose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
0.07
soluble starch
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
34
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltohexaoside
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
25
maltoheptaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
283
maltopentaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
809
maltotriose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
0.02
soluble starch
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
-
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
13.9
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltohexaoside
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
7.5
maltoheptaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
167.5
maltopentaose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
642.1
maltotriose
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
0.286
soluble starch
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.0063
using amylopectin as substrate, in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
0.0109
using amylose as substrate, in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
0.0188
using soluble starch as substrate, in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 75°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
B5ARZ9_THENE
422
0
50045
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
48000
SDS-PAGE and gel filtration
50120
calculated from amino acid sequence
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
monomer
1 * 48000, gel filtration
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
90 - 100
the enzyme retains its full activity after 7 h of incubation at 90°C, the half-life of AmyB is determined to be 50.2 and 28 h at 95°C and 100°C, respectively, thermostability is slightly enhanced by Ca2+
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
HiTrap SP column chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Park, K.M.; Jun, S.Y.; Choi, K.H.; Park, K.H.; Park, C.S.; Cha, J.
Characterization of an exo-acting intracellular alpha-amylase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
86
555-566
2010
Thermotoga neapolitana (B5ARZ9), Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga neapolitana 41025 (B5ARZ9)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team