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Information on EC 3.1.4.3 - phospholipase C and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession Q6UWR7

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     3 Hydrolases
         3.1 Acting on ester bonds
             3.1.4 Phosphoric-diester hydrolases
                3.1.4.3 phospholipase C
IUBMB Comments
The bacterial enzyme, which is a zinc protein, also acts on sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol; that from seminal plasma does not act on phosphatidylinositol.
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: Q6UWR7
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
phospholipase c, plc, hemolysin, pc-plc, lecithinase, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c, plcbeta, plcg2, beta toxin, plcg1, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
cholinespecific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase
-
nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
-
phospholipase C
-
alpha-toxin
-
-
-
-
Beta toxin
-
-
-
-
Beta-hemolysin
-
-
-
-
Beta-toxin
-
-
-
-
Cbp
-
-
-
-
Clostridium oedematiens beta- and gamma-toxins
-
-
-
-
Clostridium welchii alpha-toxin
-
-
-
-
Gamma-toxin
-
-
-
-
Heat labile-hemolysin
-
-
-
-
heat-labile hemolysin
-
-
-
-
Hemolysin
-
-
-
-
Lecithinase
-
-
-
-
lecithinase C
-
-
-
-
lipophosphodiesterase C
-
-
-
-
lipophosphodiesterase I
-
-
-
-
MTP40 antigen
-
-
-
-
PC-PLC
phosphatidase C
-
-
-
-
Phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase
-
-
-
-
phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C
-
-
phospholipase C
-
-
phospholipase C beta 1
-
-
PLC
-
-
-
-
SMase
-
-
-
-
sphingomyelinase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of phosphoric ester
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase
The bacterial enzyme, which is a zinc protein, also acts on sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol; that from seminal plasma does not act on phosphatidylinositol.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9001-86-9
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-arachidonoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
best substrate
-
-
?
1-arachidoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-arachidoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
poor substrate
-
-
?
1-lauroyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
potent substrate
-
-
?
1-linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
second best substrate
-
-
?
1-myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
potent substrate
-
-
?
1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
1-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
poor substrate
-
-
?
egg lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O
monoacylglycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
NPP6 is a choline-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase. In marked difference to NPP2 (lysoPLD/autotaxin), which equally hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidylserine, and porcine liver lysophosphatidylinositol to form lysophosphatidic acid, NPP6 hydrolyzes only lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
?
glycerophosphorylcholine + H2O
glycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
enzyme hydrolyzes GPC efficiently, measurement of GDE activity
-
-
?
lysoPAF + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
lyso platelet activating factor, partially hydrolyzed
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphate + H2O
p-nitrophenol + phenylphosphate
show the reaction diagram
pNPPP, classical NPP substrate
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine + H2O
p-nitrophenol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
pNPPC, classical NPP substrate, recombinant NPP6 efficiently hydrolyzes the classical substrate for phospholipase C
-
-
?
platelet activating factor + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
PAF, partially hydrolyzed
-
-
?
sphingosylphosphorylcholine + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
SPC, measurement of lysoPLC activity of NPP6 toward choline-containing phospholipids
-
-
?
phosphatidylcholine + H2O
1,2-diacylglycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate + H2O
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + 1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
phosphatidylcholine + H2O
1,2-diacylglycerol + phosphorylcholine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate + H2O
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + 1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
EDTA
enzyme activity against 1-myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphorylcholine, and p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine are readily inhibited by EDTA. Indicates that a divalent cation is essential for catalytic activity
EGTA
enzyme activity against 1-myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphorylcholine, and p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine are readily inhibited by EGTA. Indicates that a divalent cation is essential for catalytic activity
48/80
-
compound 48/80, oligomeric mixture of condensation products of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine and formaldehyde. Specific inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, i.e. PI-PLC. Suppression of PI-PLC promotes apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, elevating p53 expression, and affecting cell cycle distribution
tricyclodecan-9-yl-potassium xanthate
-
The recovery of both variables to their original levels in serum-restimulated (or lysophosphatidic acid-restimulated) EOC cells is strongly delayed, for at least 24 h, in the presence of the PC-PLC inhibitor tricyclodecan-9-yl-potassium xanthate (D609). The S-phase of serum-restimulated EONT cells is not sensitive to D609
tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate
-
additional information
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
histone
-
PLC d1 and PLC d3
IL-2
-
stimulates isoform beta1 in vivo within 60 min of treatment
-
lymphokine
-
activation by lymphokines and/or in lytic granule exocytosis
-
lysozyme
-
PLC d1
-
Melittin
-
PLC d1 and PLC d3
putrescine
-
PLC d1
spermidine
-
PLC d1
spermine
-
PLC d1 and PLC d3
subunit of cell surface receptor associated G-protein
-
Gqa, subunit of cell surface receptor associated G-protein, PLC d1
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.563
1-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
Vmax 470 nmol/min mg
0.296
1-lauroyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
Vmax 463 nmol/min mg
0.434
1-linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
Vmax 285 nmol/min mg
0.44
1-myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
Vmax 367 nmol/min mg
0.165
1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
Vmax 89 nmol/min mg
0.344
Glycerophosphorylcholine
Vmax 484 nmol/min mg
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
1050000
-
substrate: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
1268
-
substrate: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, PLC d1 with poly-His-tail, no significant change of activity after cleavage of poly-His-tail, expression at 16°C for 72 h
404
-
substrate: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, PLC d3 with poly-His-tail, no significant change of activity after cleavage of poly-His-tail, expression at 16°C for 72 h
53.13
-
substrate: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
8.5 - 9.5
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
Swissprot
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
NPP6 mRNA is predominantly detected in
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
NPP6 mRNA is predominantly detected in
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
lesser expression of NPP6
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
lesser expression of NPP6
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
segment-specific expression pattern of NPP6 in nephrons shown
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
low level of enzyme expression
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
prefrontal cortex
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
human lymphoblastoid leukemia cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
nontumoral (normal or immortalized) counterparts (EONT)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
different cell lines of epithelial ovarian cancer cells (EOC) compared with nontumoral (normal or immortalized) counterparts (EONT)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
low level of enzyme expression in some cells
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
human erythroleukemia cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
substantial intracellular amounts of isoform PC-PLC in all lymphoid subsets
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
monocyte-derived macrophage, enzyme is activated by HIV-1 R5 gp120 interaction with CCR5 and is required for NF-kB-mediated chemokine CCL2 production triggered by R5 gp120
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
from peripheral blood
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
EBV-transformed B cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
human monocytic leukemia cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
after activation by IL-2, cytoplasmic enzyme translocates to outer cell surface, mechanism
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
colocalization of PC-PLC with the ER, mainly within the Golgi apparatus in NK-resting cells. A much more extended colocalization of PC-PLC with the ER marker is observed in NK-activated cells, in which the enzyme is not exclusively confined to the Golgi region
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
colocalization of PC-PLC with the ER, mainly within the Golgi apparatus in NK-resting cells. A much more extended colocalization of PC-PLC with the ER marker is observed in NK-activated cells, in which the enzyme is not exclusively confined to the Golgi region
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
-
epifluorescence, CLSM, and flow cytometry experiments demonstrate that PC-PLC is expressed both in cytoplasmic compartments and on the outer cell surface of either resting or activated NK cells
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
inhibition of the enzyme abrogates the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-induced repression of caspase 3 activity
metabolism
-
protein kinase C and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, but not tyrosine kinases or phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C are key players in this dual polymorphonuclear leukocyte response to bacterial infection, e.g. by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus, and by pro-inflammatory cytokine production including interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
physiological function
-
the enzyme signaling is required for polymorphonuclear leukocyte survival after bacterial infection and Toll-like receptor-mediated induction of interleukin-8 and TNFalpha gene expression. The enzyme activity is involved in bacteria-mediated suppression of caspase 3 activity
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
ENPP6_HUMAN
440
0
50241
Swiss-Prot
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
50000
Western blotting analysis using anti-hNPP6 monoclonal antibody
150000
-
PLC beta 1, SDS-PAGE
40000
-
two PC-PLC isoforms, 40 and 66 kDa. The same PC-PLC isoforms are also detected in some leukemia cells, such as K562 and DAUDI. In U937 cells only the 40 kDa isoform is detected
66000
83000
-
SDS-PAGE
85100
-
PLC delta 3, gel electrophoresis
85500
-
PLC delta 1, gel electrophoresis
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
physical association of isoform PC-PLC with CD16 receptor, partial accumulation of both in lipid rafts
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
-
serine-phosphorylation of enzyme after treatment with IL-2, phosphorylation is abolished after MAPK inhibition
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hNPP6-ex
truncated form of hNPP6, cDNA for the extracellular domain of hNPP6, amino acids 1-421
G758D
-
-
S541Y
-
-
additional information
-
separate expression of amino- and C-terminal fragments of enzyme, requirements for reconstitution of enzyme activity and activation by Gbetagamma
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
24
-
for 60 min, recombinant PLC delta 1 and delta 3 with poly-His-tail, no loss of activity
37
-
for 30 min, recombinant PLC delta 1 and delta 3 with poly-His-tail, no loss of activity
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, buffer B, purified recombinant PLC d1 and d3 with poly-His-tail, activity stable over 2 years, more than 15 freeze/thaw cycles between -20°C and 4°C reduce activity by 10-20%
-
-20°C, crude extract, enzyme activity stable over 2 years
-
-80°C
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
mono Q ion exchange chromatography column and eluted with a linear gradient of NaCl (0-2 M) using the deltaKTA system
recombinant PLC d1 and D3 with poly-His-tail at the amino terminus, metal ion affinity chromatography
-
recombinant PLC d1 and D3 without poly-His-tail at the amino terminus, cation exchange HPLC and phosphocellulose chromatography
-
recombinant PLC, cation exchange chromatography, 26fold to homogeneity
-
recombinant PLC, NiNTA, two FPLC steps, 160fold
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
tranformed in Escherichia coli
-
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the enzyme mRNA expression is down-regulated in patients with schizophrenia
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
drug development
-
elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for aberrant phosphatidylcholine metabolism in cancer cells may allow identification of novel biomarkers of tumor progression and design of new targeted anticancer therapies
medicine
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Seishima, M.; Iwasaki-Bessho, Y.; Itoh, Y.; Nozawa, Y.; Amagai, M.; Kitajima, Y.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, but not phospholipase D, is involved in pemphigus IgG-induced signal transduction
Arch. Dermatol. Res.
291
606-613
1999
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pawelczyk, T.; Matecki, A.
Expression, purification and kinetic properties of human recombinant phospholipase C delta 3
Acta Biochim. Pol.
44
221-229
1997
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ghosh, S.; Pawalczyk, T.; Lowenstein, J.M.
Phospholipase C isoforms d1 and d3 from human fibroblasts
Protein Expr. Purif.
9
262-278
1997
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Meij, J.T.A.; Ross, E.T.
Purification and characterization of phospholipase C-1 mutants expressed in E.coli
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
225
705-711
1996
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Vitale, M.; Matteucci, A.; Manzoli, L.; Rodella, L.; Mariani, A.R.; Zauli, G.; Falconi, M.; Billi, A.M.; Martelli, A.M.; Gilmour, R.S.; Cocco, L.
Interleukin-2 activates nuclear phospholipase-Cb by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation in human natural killer cells
FASEB J.
15
1789-1791
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhang, W.; Neer, E.J.
Reassembly of phospholipase C-b2 from separated domains: analysis of basal and G protein-stimulated activities
J. Biol. Chem.
276
2503-2508
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ramoni, C.; Spadaro, F.; Menegon, M.; Podo, F.
Cellular localization and functional role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in NK cells
J. Immunol.
167
2642-2650
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sakagami, H.; Aoki, J.; Natori, Y.; Nishikawa, K.; Kakehi, Y.; Arai, H.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel choline-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase belonging to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family
J. Biol. Chem.
280
23084-23093
2005
Homo sapiens (Q6UWR7), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q8BGN3)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fantuzzi, L.; Spadaro, F.; Purificato, C.; Cecchetti, S.; Podo, F.; Belardelli, F.; Gessani, S.; Ramoni, C.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C activation is required for CCR5-dependent, NF-kB-driven CCL2 secretion elicited in response to HIV-1 gp120 in human primary macrophages
Blood
111
3355-3363
2008
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Liu, X.; Zhao, Q.; Araki, S.; Zhang, S.; Miao, J.
Contrasting effects of phosphatidylinositol- and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C on apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells
Endothelium
13
205-211
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spadaro, F.; Cecchetti, S.; Sanchez, M.; Ausiello, C.M.; Podo, F.; Ramoni, C.
Expression and role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in human NK and T lymphocyte subsets
Eur. J. Immunol.
36
3277-3287
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cecchetti, S.; Spadaro, F.; Lugini, L.; Podo, F.; Ramoni, C.
Functional role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in regulating CD16 membrane expression in natural killer cells
Eur. J. Immunol.
37
2912-2922
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cheng, Y.; Zhao, Q.; Liu, X.; Araki, S.; Zhang, S.; Miao, J.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, p53 and ROS in the association of apoptosis and senescence in vascular endothelial cells
FEBS Lett.
580
4911-4915
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Alvarez-Breckenridge, C.A.; Waite, K.A.; Eng, C.
PTEN regulates phospholipase D and phospholipase C
Hum. Mol. Genet.
16
1157-1163
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spadaro, F.; Ramoni, C.; Mezzanzanica, D.; Miotti, S.; Alberti, P.; Cecchetti, S.; Iorio, E.; Dolo, V.; Canevari, S.; Podo, F.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C activation in epithelial ovarian cancer cells
Cancer Res.
68
6541-6549
2008
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Erttmann, S.F.; Gekara, N.O.; Faellman, M.
Bacteria induce prolonged PMN survival via a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C- and protein kinase C-dependent mechanism
PLoS ONE
9
e87859
2014
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Udawela, M.; Scarr, E.; Boer, S.; Um, J.Y.; Hannan, A.J.; McOmish, C.; Felder, C.C.; Thomas, E.A.; Dean, B.
Isoform specific differences in phospholipase C beta 1 expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and suicide
NPJ Schizophr.
3
19
2017
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team