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Information on EC 3.1.3.16 - protein-serine/threonine phosphatase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q9FIF5
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3.1.3.16 protein-serine/threonine phosphataseIUBMB Comments
A group of enzymes removing the serine- or threonine-bound phosphate group from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase (cf. EC 3.1.3.48 protein-tyrosine-phosphatase). The spleen enzyme also acts on phenolic phosphates and phosphamides (cf. EC 3.9.1.1, phosphoamidase).
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Word Map
- 3.1.3.16
-
cyclosporine
- phosphatases
- tacrolimus
-
rejection
-
okadaic
- mycophenolate
-
allograft
- cardiac
- steroid
-
corticosteroid
- mofetil
- rapamycin
-
nephrotoxicity
- nfat
- sirolimus
- agonist
- t-cells
- creatinine
- hypertrophy
- mapks
- glycogen
- synaptic
- mtor
-
glomerular
- pkc
- platelet
-
ca2+-dependent
- hypertension
- episode
- erk
-
atopic
- cardiomyocytes
- nephropathy
-
everolimus
- dermatitis
- myocytes
-
trough
-
hyperphosphorylation
- azathioprine
-
posttransplant
-
prophylaxis
-
allogeneic
- proteinuria
- camkii
-
post-transplantation
- graft-versus-host
- rituximab
- cyclophilins
-
biopsy-proven
- prednisone
- diagnostics
- analysis
- drug development
- medicine
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
calcineurin, protein phosphatase, pac-1, dusp1, dusp6, serine/threonine phosphatase, pp2ac, ppm1d, phosphoprotein phosphatase, laforin, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoenzymeA reductase phosphatase
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-
-
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abi1
Aspergillus awamori acid protein phosphatase
-
-
-
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BCKDH phosphatase
-
-
-
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branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase
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-
-
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calcineurin
-
-
-
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Calcineurin A1
-
-
-
-
Calcineurin A2
-
-
-
-
CaM-kinase phosphatase
-
-
-
-
CaMKPase
-
-
-
-
casein phosphatase
-
-
-
-
DRES10
-
-
-
-
Fibroblast growth factor inducible protein 13
-
-
-
-
FIN13
-
-
-
-
Flap wing protein
-
-
-
-
HMG-CoA reductase phosphatase
-
-
-
-
Magnesium-dependent calcium inhibitable phosphatase
-
-
-
-
MCPP
-
-
-
-
Microtubule star protein
-
-
-
-
phosphatase 2A
-
-
-
-
phosphatase 2B
-
-
-
-
phosphatase C-II
-
-
-
-
Phosphatase esp1
-
-
-
-
phosphatase H-II
-
-
-
-
phosphatase I
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-
-
-
phosphatase IB
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-
-
-
phosphatase II
-
-
-
-
phosphatase III
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-
-
-
phosphatase IV
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-
-
-
phosphatase SP
-
-
-
-
phosphoprotein phosphatase
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-
-
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phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
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-
-
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phosphospectrin phosphatase
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-
-
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PK-Pase
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-
-
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polycation modulated (PCM-) phosphatase
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-
-
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PP-1A
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-
-
-
PP-1B
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-
-
-
PP-1G
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-
-
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PP2A-alpha
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-
-
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PP2A-beta
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-
-
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PP2C
PP2C-alpha
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-
-
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PP2C-beta
-
-
-
-
PP2C-delta
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-
-
-
PP2C-gamma
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-
-
-
Pp4
PP5
PP6
-
-
-
-
PP7
PPEF
-
-
-
-
PPN
-
-
-
-
PPT
-
-
-
-
protein D phosphatase
-
-
-
-
protein phosphatase
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-
-
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Protein phosphatase 1A
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-
-
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Protein phosphatase 1B
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-
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Protein phosphatase 1C
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-
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Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta
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-
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Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 gamma
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-
-
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Protein phosphatase with EF calcium-binding domain
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-
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PSPase
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-
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Retinal degeneration C protein
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-
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Suppressor protein SDS21
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-
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PP2C
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-
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Pp4
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-
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PP5
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-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of phosphoric ester
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-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
A group of enzymes removing the serine- or threonine-bound phosphate group from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase (cf. EC 3.1.3.48 protein-tyrosine-phosphatase). The spleen enzyme also acts on phenolic phosphates and phosphamides (cf. EC 3.9.1.1, phosphoamidase).
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9025-75-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
p-nitrophenyl phosphate + H2O
p-nitrophenol + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoprotein + H2O
protein + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase alpha + H2O
glycogen phosphorylase alpha + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphorylated myelin basic protein + H2O
myelin basic protein + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphorylated nucleotide diphosphate kinase 2 + H2O
nucleotide diphosphate kinase 2 + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphorylated phytochrome A + H2O
phytochrome A + phosphate
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PAPP2C dephosphorylates both native oat phytochrome A and a point mutant of S598A, whereas an N-terminal deletion of 65 amino acids prevents dephosphorylation
-
-
?
phosphorylated phytochrome B + H2O
phytochrome B + phosphate
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phytochrome B is autophosphorylated, the N-terminal extension-deleted phytochrome B shows no apparent autophosphorylation activity
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAPP2C indirectly mediates the dephosphorylation of phytochrome-interacting factor 3 via the dephosphorylation of phytochromes
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-
?
additional information
?
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
polylysine
-
inhibition with substrate myelin basic protein, activation with substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate
additional information
about 3fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant aba2 with a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
additional information
about 3fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant aba2 with a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
additional information
-
about 3fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant aba2 with a mutation at the start of exon 2
-
additional information
about 2.4fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants etr1 with altered gene expression of the ethylene signal transduction pathway
-
additional information
about 2.4fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants etr1 with altered gene expression of the ethylene signal transduction pathway
-
additional information
-
about 2.4fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants etr1 with altered gene expression of the ethylene signal transduction pathway
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
polylysine
-
inhibition with substrate myelin basic protein, activation with substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate
additional information
-
PAPP2C and its association with phytochromes is enhanced by red light
-
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
UniProt
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
PP4 is not found at the centrosome in the plants
-
-
the mutant abi1 shows a preferential nuclear accumulation compared with wild type ABI1
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
physiological function
-
PP5 enhances thermotolerance via forming multi-chaperone complexes with heat shock protein 90.2 under heat shock conditions (42°C) in Arabidopsis
physiological function
-
protein phosphatase 1 participates in cell cycle regulation, salinity tolerance, cytokinin production, embryo development, blue-light signaling, cell differentiation, cell patterning, cell division, and gene silencing. Protein phosphatase 2A is intimately involved in regulating intracellular responses to brassinosteroids. Functions of PP5 include roles in disease resistance, thermotolerance, and light detection, while PP7 is implicated in several sensory functions, in particular, light sensing through the regulation of cryptochrome and phytochrome
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). P2C78_ARATH
413
0
45538
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
monomer
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
DELTA207-231
replaced by a Gly-Gly-sequence, same intracellular localisation as wild-type enzyme
additional information
additional information
lacking the 44 C-terminal amino acids, only detectable in cytoplasm
additional information
-
lacking the 44 C-terminal amino acids, only detectable in cytoplasm
additional information
-
a complete loss of PP2C action is observed by expression of a phosphatase non-active form of ABI1 (ABINAP)
additional information
-
PP7 regulates the activity of phytochrome signaling pathway, since a complete absence of PP7 as in the psi2-DS mutants trigger a strong increase in the sensitivity of the plant to red and far-red light
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
reduced expression of phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator leads to decreased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. In particular, phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator deficiency leads to decreased methylation in PP2A-C subunits. Complete loss of PP2Ac methylation leads to 30% reduction of PP2A activity
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kutuzov, M.A.; Evans, D.E.; Andreeva, A.V.
Expression and characterization of PP7, a novel plant protein Ser/Thr phosphatase distantly related to RdgC/PPEF and PP5
FEBS Lett.
440
147-152
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana
Andreeva, A.V.; Solov'eva, O.V.; Kakuev, D.L.; Kutuzov, M.A.
Purification of plant protein phosphatase PP7 and evidence for its redox regulation
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
396
65-70
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FN02), Arabidopsis thaliana
Stubbs, M.D.; Tran, H.T.; Atwell, A.J.; Smith, C.S.; Olson, D.; Moorhead, G.B.
Purification and properties of Arabidopsis thaliana type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1)
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1550
52-63
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana
Andreeva, A.V.; Kutuzov, M.A.
Nuclear localization of the plant protein Ser/Thr phosphatase PP7
Mol. Cell. Biol. Res. Commun.
4
345-352
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FN02), Arabidopsis thaliana
Cohen, P.T.; Philp, A.; Vazquez-Martin, C.
Protein phosphatase 4 - from obscurity to vital functions
FEBS Lett.
579
3278-3286
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens
Blakeslee, J.J.; Zhou, H.W.; Heath, J.T.; Skottke, K.R.; Barrios, J.A.; Liu, S.Y.; Delong, A.
Specificity of RCN1-mediated protein phosphatase 2A regulation in meristem organization and stress response in roots
Plant Physiol.
146
539-553
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Phee, B.K.; Kim, J.I.; Shin, D.H.; Yoo, J.; Park, K.J.; Han, Y.J.; Kwon, Y.K.; Cho, M.H.; Jeon, J.S.; Bhoo, S.H.; Hahn, T.R.
A novel protein phosphatase indirectly regulates phytochrome-interacting factor 3 via phytochrome
Biochem. J.
415
247-255
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Moes, D.; Himmelbach, A.; Korte, A.; Haberer, G.; Grill, E.
Nuclear localization of the mutant protein phosphatase abi1 is required for insensitivity towards ABA responses in Arabidopsis
Plant J.
54
806-819
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Genoud, T.; Santa Cruz, M.T.; Kulisic, T.; Sparla, F.; Fankhauser, C.; Metraux, J.P.
The protein phosphatase 7 regulates phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis
PLoS ONE
3
e2699
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Cheng, W.H.; Chiang, M.H.; Hwang, S.G.; Lin, P.C.
Antagonism between abscisic acid and ethylene in Arabidopsis acts in parallel with the reciprocal regulation of their metabolism and signaling pathways
Plant Mol. Biol.
71
61-80
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (P49597), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FIF5), Arabidopsis thaliana
Chen, J.; Hu, R.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, G.; Zhang, H.
Arabidopsis thaliana phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator is essential for protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme assembly and plays important roles in hormone signaling, salt stress response, and plant development
Plant Physiol.
166
1519-1534
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana
Park, J.H.; Kim, W.Y.; Chae, H.B.; Kim, M.G.; Lee, S.Y.
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) interacts with substrate under heat stress conditions and forms protein complex in Arabidopsis
Plant Signal. Behav.
7
535-538
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
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