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single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
possible role in methyl-directed mismatch repair system
-
?
duplex DNA containing single-stranded termini + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
msDNA Ec78 + H2O
?
exonucleolytic cleavage
-
-
?
msDNA Ec83 + H2O
?
exonucleolytic cleavage
-
-
?
polydeoxyribonucleotides + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
?
-
releases oligonucleotide products
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
additional information
?
-
duplex DNA containing single-stranded termini + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
duplex DNA containing single-stranded termini + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
-
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
-
oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on circular DNA
exclusively oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on circular DNA
exclusively oligonucleotides, no mononucleotide production observed
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no endonuclease activity
limit products: oligonucleotides: dimers to dodecamers
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity homopolymers
limit products: oligonucleotides: dimers to dodecamers
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
processive degradation
-
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
processive degradation
limit products: oligonucleotides: dimers to dodecamers
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
processive degradation
exclusively oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
processive degradation
exclusively oligonucleotides, no mononucleotide production observed
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on DNA-RNA hybrid molecules
exclusively oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on DNA-RNA hybrid molecules
exclusively oligonucleotides, no mononucleotide production observed
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
single stranded DNA of at least 10-20 nucleotides are required for maximal activity
exclusively oligonucleotides, no mononucleotide production observed
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
heat-denatured DNA
exclusively oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on RNA
exclusively oligonucleotides
?
single-stranded DNA + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
no activity on RNA
exclusively oligonucleotides, no mononucleotide production observed
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in methyl-directed mismatch repair system
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
thymine dimers + H2O
hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA
-
possible role in repair of ultraviolet damage
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
involved in methyl-directed mismatch repair
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
RecBCD subunit RecD is required for initiation of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli and essential for phage lambda recombination, in contrast to exonuclease RecJ, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exonuclease VII can digest ssDNA from 3' ends
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
exonuclease VII cleaves msDNA, e.g. Ec78 and Ec83
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exonuclease VII cleaves msDNA, e.g. Ec78 and Ec83
-
-
?
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malfunction
-
ExoI- ExoVII- SbcCD- cells are sensitive to mitomycin C and 2-aminopurine. Cells lacking all three nucleases, exonuclease I, exonuclease VII, or SbcCD, are inviable without RecG. Removing RNase HI mimics the effect of removing RecG in that DrnhA cells are inviable if ExoI, ExoVII, and SbcCD are eliminated
malfunction
the absence of 3' exonucleases leads to an accumulation of 3' flaps, thereby triggering PriA-mediated overreplication of the termination area, the DnaA-independent growth is triggered by the absence of 3' exonucleases. Overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases is abolished if the chromosome is linearized
malfunction
the ExoVII- (xseB) and ExoVII- (xseA) deficient mutant strains are both inactive with msDNA. Overexpression of the large subunit is lethal, and cells harboring a plasmid encoding xseA have much lower ExoVII activity than wild-type cells. MsDNA cleavage and cell death at various subunit ratios, overview. The N-terminal domain of XseA causes cell death, and the chromosome is fragmented and condensed in the cells dying by XseA
physiological function
-
mismatch repair proteins MutS and UvrD stimulate single-stranded DNA-specific exonuclease VII action on double-stranded DNA substrates. MutH and MutL proteins show no stimulation of exonuclease VII action. UvrD-mediated stimulation of exonuclease VII action on double-stranded DNA is not accompanied by strand separation. UvrD-mediated stimulation of exonuclease VII action on double-stranded DNA is accentuated by MutS and SSB proteins but not by MutL
physiological function
-
to stay alive, cells must have either RecG or a 3'-single-stranded DNA exonuclease, which can be exonuclease I, exonuclease VII, or SbcCD. Cells lacking all three nucleases are inviable without RecG
physiological function
-
inactivation of exonuclease VII by a mutation in its large subunit xseA contributes to attenuation of DNA degradation in UV-irradiated recA mutants. The xseA mutation itself has only a weak effect, however, it acts synergistically with the xonA or sbcD mutations, which inactivate exonuclease I and SbcCD nuclease, respectively, in suppressing reckless DNA degradation. The quadruple xseA xonA sbcD recA mutants show no sign of DNA degradation during post-irradiation incubation, suggesting that ExoVII, together with ExoI and SbcCD, plays a crucial role in regulating RecBCD-catalyzed chromosome degradation. These nucleases may act on double-strand DNA breaks to create blunt DNA ends, the preferred substrates for the RecBCD enzyme. In UV-irradiated recF recA+ cells, the xseA, xonA, and sbcD mutations do not affect RecBCD-mediated DNA repair, suggesting that ExoVII, ExoI and SbcCD nucleases are not essential for the initial targeting of RecBCD to double-strand NA breaks
physiological function
exonuclease VII (ExoVII) of Escherichia coli is a single strand-specific DNA nuclease, exonuclease VII cleaves msDNA. The biochemical activity of XseA causing cell death is counteracted by the extra amount of the small subunit, XseB. Although the ability to induce cell death is not identical with the single-strand DNA specific nuclease activity, the residues important for nuclease activity are also important for lethality. The N-terminal domain of XseA causes cell death, and the chromosome is fragmented and condensed in the cells dying by XseA. Model for the function of XseA, overview
physiological function
the 3' exonucleases ExoI, ExoVII and SbcCD are involved in termination of DNA. Rinitiated at fork fusion intermediates can result in DNA replication which can sustain cell growth, overview. Levels of overreplication not correlate directly with the ability of cells to grow in the absence of origin firing
additional information
under apoptotic conditions, the N-terminal domain of XseA is released from ExoVII through proteolysis by a caspase-like protease and the N-terminal fragment functions in the apoptosis-like cell death of Escherichia coli. ExoVII is composed of two different subunits encoded by xseA (large subunit) and xseB (small subunit) which are both required for catalytic activity
additional information
-
under apoptotic conditions, the N-terminal domain of XseA is released from ExoVII through proteolysis by a caspase-like protease and the N-terminal fragment functions in the apoptosis-like cell death of Escherichia coli. ExoVII is composed of two different subunits encoded by xseA (large subunit) and xseB (small subunit) which are both required for catalytic activity
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A188T
site-directed mutagenesis of a highly conserved residue. The A188T mutant shows a msDNA cleavage indistinguishable from that of the wild-type, and lethality is reduced. About 10times more colonies are observed from the A188T mutant than from the wild-type
D155A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, complete loss of catalytic activity
D155N
site-directed mutagenesis of a highly conserved residue. The D155N mutant loses the ability to cleave msDNA and displays little lethality
D241A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, complete loss of catalytic activity
DELTA397-456
-
deletion mutant of large subunit XseA, complete loss of catalytic activity
F63A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, decrease in DNA-binding activity
G237R
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue in the glycine-rich motif. No msDNA cleavage is found for the G237R mutant but a low level of cell killing is still observed. The culture viability drops to about 30% after a 2 h induction
H238A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, complete loss of catalytic activity
L88R
site-directed mutagenesis
Q96A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, shows only mild effects
R205A
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, complete loss of catalytic activity
R64E/R68E/R69E
-
mutant of large subunit XseA, decrease in DNA-binding activity
V19A
site-directed mutagenesis of a highly conserved residue
W31R
site-directed mutagenesis of a highly conserved residue
additional information
mutants lacking the xseA gene
additional information
-
mutants lacking the xseA gene
additional information
-
mutants lacking the xseA gene
additional information
-
construction of recD mutants showing a RecBC enzyme, instead of a RecBCD enzyme, lacking the RecD subunit and exonuclease VII activity, the mutation affects phage lambda red gam recombination, but does not cause an altered phenotype, overview
additional information
-
mutant in all four exonucleases (ExoI, ExoVII, ExoX, and RecJ) exhibits pronounced 20fold elevation of cross-overs between 25 bp of homology relative to the wild-type
additional information
-
recJ xseA sbcCD xonA2 quadruple mutants are cold sensitive depending on the xon allele. Absence of the two 3' exonucleases ExoI and ExoVII allows highly efficient conjugational recombination in recBCD+ cells, which is independent of SbcCD, recJ xseA double mutant has lower UV-survival than wild-type
additional information
-
conbstruction of ExoVII-deficient cells and of cells lacking alll three exonuxleases, exonuclease I, exonuclease VII, or SbcCD, phenotypes, detailed overview
additional information
-
construction of a series of subunit XseA deletion variants that lack one or several of the helices. Variants with a single helix deleted bind about 70% and variants with two helices deleted about 50% of the subunit XseB levels compared to the full-length XseA. All these deletion variants exhibit a complete loss of exonucleolytic activity in vitro
additional information
construction of ExoVII- (xseB) and ExoVII-(xseA) deficient mutant strains which are both inactive with msDNA. Construction of promoter deletion mutants, i.e. by deletion of entire promoter (large deletion from -125 to -11) or promoter-element mutation (-36T->C). Overexpression of the large subunit XseA is lethal, but the small subunit counteracts the toxicity of the large subunit. In samples containing both pCC-XseA and pT-XseB, overproduction of XseA by induction has little effect on the viability. RecA also protects cells from death by XseA overexpression. MsDNA cleavage and cell death at various subunit ratios, overview
additional information
-
construction of ExoVII- (xseB) and ExoVII-(xseA) deficient mutant strains which are both inactive with msDNA. Construction of promoter deletion mutants, i.e. by deletion of entire promoter (large deletion from -125 to -11) or promoter-element mutation (-36T->C). Overexpression of the large subunit XseA is lethal, but the small subunit counteracts the toxicity of the large subunit. In samples containing both pCC-XseA and pT-XseB, overproduction of XseA by induction has little effect on the viability. RecA also protects cells from death by XseA overexpression. MsDNA cleavage and cell death at various subunit ratios, overview
additional information
effect of xonA (ExoI), xseA (ExoVII) and sbcCD (SbcCD) mutations on growth without DnaA (dnaA46 at 42°C). The replication fork trap in the termination area is inactivated by deletion of tus and an rpoB*35 point mutation is introduced to alleviate replication-transcription conflicts resulting from replication forks travelling in a direction opposite to normal. The DnaA-independent growth is triggered by the absence of 3' exonucleases. Generation of RCe267 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo*), RCe528 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA), SLM1219 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxseA), RCe553 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAsbcCD), SLM1194 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA* DELTAxseA), RCe554 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA DELTAsbcCD), SLM1223 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxseA DELTAsbcCD) and SLM1226 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA DELTAxseA DELTAsbcCD) mutant strains, phenotypes, overview. Overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases is abolished if the chromosome is linearized. And overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases requires PriA helicase activity. An asymmetric replichore arrangement does not increase overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases
additional information
-
effect of xonA (ExoI), xseA (ExoVII) and sbcCD (SbcCD) mutations on growth without DnaA (dnaA46 at 42°C). The replication fork trap in the termination area is inactivated by deletion of tus and an rpoB*35 point mutation is introduced to alleviate replication-transcription conflicts resulting from replication forks travelling in a direction opposite to normal. The DnaA-independent growth is triggered by the absence of 3' exonucleases. Generation of RCe267 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo*), RCe528 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA), SLM1219 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxseA), RCe553 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAsbcCD), SLM1194 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA* DELTAxseA), RCe554 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA DELTAsbcCD), SLM1223 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxseA DELTAsbcCD) and SLM1226 (dnaA46 DELTAtus rpo* DELTAxonA DELTAxseA DELTAsbcCD) mutant strains, phenotypes, overview. Overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases is abolished if the chromosome is linearized. And overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases requires PriA helicase activity. An asymmetric replichore arrangement does not increase overreplication of the termination area in cells lacking 3' exonucleases
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Exonuclease VII of Escherichia coli
Basic Life Sci.
5A
225-234
1975
Escherichia coli
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Exonuclease VII of E. coli
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1981
Escherichia coli
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Exonuclease VII of Escherichia coli. Purification and properties
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Deoxyribonucleic acid repair in Escherichia coli mutants deficient in the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I and exonuclease VII
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The assay and isolation of DNA rings using an ATP-dependent endonuclease
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1975
Escherichia coli
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Subunit structure of Escherichia coli exonuclease VII
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Isolation and preliminary characterization of Escherichia coli mutants deficient in exonuclease VII
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Escherichia coli exonuclease VII. Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the large subunit (xseA)
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1986
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Mapping of mRNA isoforms with an oligonucleotide probe: exonuclease VII compared with endonucleases
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Mismatch repair in Escherichia coli cells lacking single-strand exonucleases ExoI, ExoVII, and RecJ
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1998
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Single-strand DNA-specific exonucleases in Escherichia coli. Roles in repair and mutation avoidance
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149
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1998
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2001
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2001
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Exonuclease requirements for recombination of lambda phage in recD mutants of Escherichia coli
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2006
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