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synthesis
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conversion of plant oil to 92-97% of biodiesel is feasible at 1% enzyme load (24 h, 35°C) using the feedstocks containing 2-20% of water, 0-10% of glycerol, 0-20% of free fatty acids. The enzyme can be collected in a narrow white layer settled between biodiesel and glycerol-water phases,containing also free fatty acids and monoglycerides. The lipase can be then reused after compensation for 5-10% loss of the enzyme. The main contaminants in the produced biodiesel are free fatty acids (2-6%) and monoglycerides (1-3%). Major amounts of free fatty acids and monoglycerides are removed after brief mixing of biodiesel with alkali (2-5% of 5 M NaOH) and centrifugation
synthesis
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ethanolysis of soybean oil in a solvent-free system for synthesis of biodiesel. The optimal conditions are: 31.5°C, 7 h reaction time, substrate molar ratio 7.5:1 ethanol:soybean oil, enzyme content 15% (g enzyme/g oil), 4% added water/g oil. The experimental yield conversion is 96%
synthesis
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immobilization and stabilization of lipase on aldehyde-Lewatit. Over 90% of lipase activity is recovered after the immobilization, the immobilized enzyme is 10fold more thermostable than the commercial preparation, Lipozyme TL-IM. The stabilized preparation catalyzes enzymatic transesterification of ethanol and soybean oil. With 7.5:1 molar ratio of ethanol:soybean oil, 15% immobilized enzyme and 4% water at 30°C in the presence of n-hexane, the transesterification reaches 100% conversion, while in solvent-free system the yield is 75%. At stoichiometric molar ratio, the yield is 70% conversion after 10 h of reaction in both systems. A two step ethanolysis produces 100% conversion after 10 h of reaction in both solvent and solvent-free systems
synthesis
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solubilization in sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-stabilized water-in-oil microemulsions in n-heptane and analysis of hydrolysis and condensation activity. Condensation activity is essentially independent of temperature over the range 5 to 37°C. The stability over a 30-day period is very good at all pH levels (6.1, 7.2, 9.3) and R values studied (5, 7.5, 10, 20), except when high pHs and low R values are combined
synthesis
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synthesis of biodiesel from canola oil. Enzyme immobilized on epoxy-functionalized silica reaches to 100% yield at 10% tert-butanol. Presence of water significantly increases fatty acid methyl ester yield. 95% residual activity after 16 reaction cycles
synthesis
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synthesis of biodiesel from palm olein by ethanolysis using protein-coated microcrystals. Addition of tert-butanol markedly increases the biocatalyst activity and stability. Optimized reactions (20%, w/w protein-coated microcrystal-lipase to triacylglycerol and 1:4 fatty acid equivalence/ethanol molar ratio) lead to the production of alkyl esters from palm olein at 89.9% yield on molar basis after incubation at 45°C for 24 h in the presence of tert-butanol at a 1:1 molar ratio to triacylglycerol. Crude palm oil and palm fatty acid distillate are also converted to biodiesel with 82.1 and 75.5% yield, respectively
synthesis
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use of enzyme as biocatalyst to obtain a second generation biodiesel-like biofuel by the conversion of sunflower oil into a blend of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), monoacylglycerols (MG) and diacylglycerols (DG). pH, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and water content influence the conversion in the systems. Low temperatures (20°C), high pH values (close to 12), and an oil/ethanol volume ratios of 3.4/1 provide conversions around 70% and kinematic viscosities about 8.5 mm2/s after 1 h reaction
synthesis
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use of enzyme immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads for the synthesis of butyl butanoate using n-hexane as solvent. The enzyme presents high initial reaction rates up to 1.0 M butanoic acid, and allows a productivity of 14.5 mmol/g/h
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Purification and some properties of a thermostable lipase from Humicola lanuginosa No. 3
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Thermomyces lanuginosus
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Production of a new second generation biodiesel with a low cost lipase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus Optimization by response surface methodology
Catal. Today
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Thermomyces lanuginosus
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Rodrigues, R.; Volpato, G.; Ayub, M.; Wada, K.
Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of soybean oil in a solvent-free system using central composite design and response surface methodology
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83
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2008
Thermomyces lanuginosus
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brenda
Babaki, M.; Yousefi, M.; Habibi, Z.; Mohammadi, M.; Brask, J.
Effect of water, organic solvent and adsorbent contents on production of biodiesel fuel from canola oil catalyzed by various lipases immobilized on epoxy-functionalized silica as low cost biocatalyst
J. Mol. Catal. B
120
93-99
2015
Moesziomyces antarcticus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rhizomucor miehei
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brenda
Firdaus, M.; Brask, J.; Nielsen, P.; Guo, Z.; Fedosov, S.
Kinetic model of biodiesel production catalyzed by free liquid lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus
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2016
Thermomyces lanuginosus
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Rodrigues, R.; Pessela, B.; Volpato, G.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R.; Guisan, J.; Ayub, M.
Two step ethanolysis A simple and efficient way to improve the enzymatic biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by an immobilized-stabilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus
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Thermomyces lanuginosus
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