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Information on EC 2.7.7.19 - polynucleotide adenylyltransferase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession Q9WVP6
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2.7.7.19 polynucleotide adenylyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
Also acts slowly with CTP. Catalyses template-independent extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group. See also EC 2.7.7.6 DNA-directed RNA polymerase.
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Word Map
- 2.7.7.19
-
polyadenylation
- polymerases
- pre-mrnas
- phosphorylase
-
exosome
-
rna-binding
- vaccinia
- trna
-
oligoa
- helicase
-
tramp
-
aauaaa
-
deadenylation
-
polya-binding
- pnpase
-
dna-dependent
-
meiotic
-
noncanonical
-
exonuclease
-
3'-terminal
- cordycepin
-
oligoadenylation
- exoribonucleases
- polyu
- drug development
-
endoribonuclease
- medicine
- snornas
-
non-templated
-
cca-adding
- hfq
-
polya-specific
-
deadenylase
- biotechnology
-
polya-tailed
-
snrnp
-
pabpn1
-
degradosome
-
exonucleolytic
- 3'-deoxyadenosine
-
pancreatitis-associated
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
poly(a) polymerase, pap i, fam46c, gld-2, star-pap, fam46a, poly(a) polymerase i, pap ii, papd5, mtpap, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase
-
-
-
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AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase
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-
-
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ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase
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-
-
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ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase
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-
-
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neo-PAP
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-
-
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NTP polymerase
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-
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nucleotidyltransferase, polyadenylate
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-
-
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PAP
PAP I
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-
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poly(A) hydrolase
-
-
-
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poly(A) polymerase
poly(A) synthetase
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-
-
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polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase
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-
-
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polyadenylate polymerase
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-
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polyadenylate synthetase
-
-
-
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polyadenylic acid polymerase
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-
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polyadenylic polymerase
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-
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RNA adenylating enzyme
-
-
-
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RNA formation factors, PF1
-
-
-
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terminal riboadenylate transferase
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-
-
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PAP
-
-
-
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poly(A) polymerase
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-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
nucleotidyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase
Also acts slowly with CTP. Catalyses template-independent extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group. See also EC 2.7.7.6 DNA-directed RNA polymerase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9026-30-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + RNA
diphosphate + RNA(A)n
-
Mn2+-activated enzymes are indifferent to primer length
-
?
ATP + RNA
diphosphate + RNA(A)n
-
no specificity for the 3'-terminal nucleotides
-
?
ATP + RNA
diphosphate + RNA(A)n
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other nucleotides polymerized at less than 1% of the ATP rate
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?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may act in the ooplasm on the progression of metaphase I to metaphase II during oocyte maturation
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAP is a substrate for extracellular signal-regulated kinase
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may act in the ooplasm on the progression of metaphase I to metaphase II during oocyte maturation
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mn2+
additional information
-
overview: ion requirements, poly(A) polymerases purified from different sources, and in some cases even from the same source, respond differently to the presence of Mg2+ and Mn2+
Mg2+
-
divalent cation requirement may be fulfilled by Mn2+, Mg2+ or a combination of the two depending on the source of the enzyme
Mn2+
-
divalent cation requirement may be fulfilled by Mn2+, Mg2+ or a combination of the two depending on the source of the enzyme
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
small ubiquitin-like modifier
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in vitro sumoylation inhibits the activity of purified PAP
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
germ cell-specific gene 1 protein
TPAP interaction partner protein leading to redistribution of TPAP from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum
-
additional information
-
PAP phosphorylation of serine 537 by extracellular signal-regulated kinase increases its nonspecific polyadenylation activity
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
mRNA is present in meiotically maturing oocyte, protein is present only at the metaphases I and II after germinal vesicle breakdown
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
Gld-2 is localized in the cytoplasm of oocytes at the metaphases I and II, Tpap is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
physiological function
malfunction
physiological function
malfunction
enzyme deficiency leads to reduced expression of haploid-specific mRNAs, spermiogenesis arrest and male infertility
malfunction
enzyme-deficient mice exhibit spermiogenesis arrest and male infertility. Enzyme loss has no impact either on the abundance of chromatoid body components such as PIWIL1, TDRD6, YBX2, and piRNAs, or on retrotransposon expression
physiological function
the enzyme is essential for spermatogenesis through its adenylation activitiy
physiological function
the enzyme regulates spermiogenesis through a pathway distinct from that mediated by chromatoid body-associated factors
malfunction
double isoform Gld2/Gld4 depletion results in a strong deficit in theta burst stimulation-long term potentiation and an enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long term depression. Gld4 depletion has negligible effects on hippocampal-dependent behaviors
malfunction
enzyme knockout mice display reduced blood hemoglobin levels and activated primary B lymphocytes proliferate faster
malfunction
isoform Gld2 depletion from the mouse hippocampus results in a deficit in long term potentiation. Double isoform Gld2/Gld4 depletion results in a strong deficit in theta burst stimulation-long term potentiation and an enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long term depression. Gld2 depletion has negligible effects on hippocampal-dependent behaviors
physiological function
isoform Gld2 is essential for normal synaptic efficacy at least in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Isoform Gld2 controls RNA processing, particularly exon skipping
physiological function
isoform Gld4 controls RNA processing, particularly exon skipping
physiological function
the enzyme is strongly induced during activation of primary splenocytes
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). PAPOB_MOUSE
642
0
72329
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
54000
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
enzyme interacts directly with cleavage factor I, implications for assembly of the processing complex and regulation of enzyme
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
sumoylation
-
posttranslational sumoylation is required to facilitate PAP nuclear localization and enhances PAP stability
additional information
-
sequence contains an N-terminal signal of 17 amino acids for localization to the nucleus
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
GLD-2 disruption does not affect the poly(A) tail elongation in oocytes
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Edmonds, M.
Poly(A) adding enzymes
The Enzymes,3rd Ed. (Boyer,P. D. ,ed. )
15
217-244
1982
Bos taurus, Cricetulus griseus, Coturnix sp., Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Vaccinia virus
-
Kim, H.; Lee, Y.
Interaction of Poly(A) Polymerase with the 25-kDa Subunit of Cleavage Factor I
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
289
513-518
2001
Mus musculus
Rouhana, L.; Wang, L.; Buter, N.; Kwak, J.E.; Schiltz, C.A.; Gonzalez, T.; Kelley, A.E.; Landry, C.F.; Wickens, M.
Vertebrate GLD2 poly(A) polymerases in the germline and the brain
RNA
11
1117-1130
2005
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Xenopus laevis
Nakanishi, T.; Kubota, H.; Ishibashi, N.; Kumagai, S.; Watanabe, H.; Yamashita, M.; Kashiwabara, S.; Miyado, K.; Baba, T.
Possible role of mouse poly(A) polymerase mGLD-2 during oocyte maturation
Dev. Biol.
289
115-126
2006
Mus musculus
Nakanishi, T.; Kumagai, S.; Kimura, M.; Watanabe, H.; Sakurai, T.; Kimura, M.; Kashiwabara, S.; Baba, T.
Disruption of mouse poly(A) polymerase mGLD-2 does not alter polyadenylation status in oocytes and somatic cells
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
364
14-19
2007
Mus musculus
Kashiwabara, S.; Nakanishi, T.; Kimura, M.; Baba, T.
Non-canonical poly(A) polymerase in mammalian gametogenesis
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1779
230-238
2008
Mus musculus
Choi, H.S.; Lee, S.H.; Kim, H.; Lee, Y.
Germ cell-specific gene 1 targets testis-specific poly(A) polymerase to the endoplasmic reticulum through protein-protein interactions
FEBS Lett.
582
1203-1209
2008
Mus musculus (Q9WVP6), Mus musculus
Vethantham, V.; Rao, N.; Manley, J.L.
Sumoylation regulates multiple aspects of mammalian poly(A) polymerase function
Genes Dev.
22
499-511
2008
Mus musculus
Lee, S.H.; Choi, H.S.; Kim, H.; Lee, Y.
ERK is a novel regulatory kinase for poly(A) polymerase
Nucleic Acids Res.
36
803-813
2008
Mus musculus
Kashiwabara, S.I.; Tsuruta, S.; Okada, K.; Yamaoka, Y.; Baba, T.
Adenylation by testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase, PAPOLB/TPAP, is essential for spermatogenesis
J. Reprod. Dev.
62
607-614
2016
Mus musculus (Q9WVP6)
Kashiwabara, S.I.; Tsuruta, S.; Yamaoka, Y.; Oyama, K.; Iwazaki, C.; Baba, T.
PAPOLB/TPAP regulates spermiogenesis independently of chromatoid body-associated factors
J. Reprod. Dev.
64
25-31
2018
Mus musculus (Q9WVP6)
Mroczek, S.; Chlebowska, J.; Kulinski, T.M.; Gewartowska, O.; Gruchota, J.; Cysewski, D.; Liudkovska, V.; Borsuk, E.; Nowis, D.; Dziembowski, A.
The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C acts as an onco-suppressor in multiple myeloma
Nat. Commun.
8
619
2017
Mus musculus (Q5SSF7), Mus musculus, Homo sapiens (Q5VWP2)
Mansur, F.; Alarcon, J.; Stackpole, E.; Wang, R.; Richter, J.
Noncanonical cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases regulate RNA levels, alternative RNA processing, and synaptic plasticity but not hippocampal-dependent behaviours
RNA Biol.
18
962-971
2020
Mus musculus (Q68ED3), Mus musculus (Q91YI6), Mus musculus
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