Information on EC 2.7.11.24 - mitogen-activated protein kinase

-

-

?

-

662678, 701666, 702513, 702561, 702574, 702615, 702641, 702692, 702942, 703019, 703255, 703573, 704471, 705046, 705276, 705321, 705447, 706080, 706863, 703715

-

?

MAPK activate mitogen-activated proteins in several signal transduction pathways, overview

-

?

-

490797, 490800, 704471, 705024, 705025

-

?

-

702065, 702156, 703166, 703715

-

?

-

705054

-

?

-

705058

-

?

-

701443, 703568, 703574, 704909, 705290, 706848

-

?

-

662926

-

?

Solanum peruvianum

-

702773

-

?

Zea mays

-

706382

-

?

ATP + activating transcription factor 2

ADP + phosphorylated activating transcription factor 2

-

ATF2

664894

-

?

-

ATF2, recombinant GST-tagged ATF2DELTA115

664894

-

?

ATP + AP1

ADP + phosphorylated AP1

-

substrate of ERK1/2, ERK access to the substrate is regulated by the all-trans retinoic acid receptor, RAR

-

?

-

substrate of ERK1/2

-

?

ATP + ATF-2

ADP + phosphorylated ATF-2

-

704471, 705276

-

?

-

assay substrate biotinylated ATF-2

702574

-

?

-

substrate in kinase activity assay

705024

-

?

-

substrate in kinase assay

705058

-

?

ATP + ATF2

ADP + phosphorylated ATF2

-

substrate in in vitro kinase assay, LanthaScreen

702641, 702692

-

?

Q91Y86, Q9WTU6

phosphorylation by p38 MAPK at threonine residues

693384

-

?

ATP + c-Jun

ADP + phosphorylated c-Jun

Bos taurus

-

activity assay

703567

-

?

-

702574, 704471, 705276, 703715

-

?

substrate of JNK

-

?

substrate of JNK, binding via delta domain of c-Jun substrate

-

?

-

703715

-

?

the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2

-

?

the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3

-

?

recombinant GST-tagged substrate, the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2

-

?

recombinant GST-tagged substrate, the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3

-

?

ATP + c-Jun activation domain

ADP + phosphorylated c-Jun activation domain

-

enzyme binds to the c-Jun transactivation domain and phosphorylates it on Ser63 and Ser73

491763

-

JNK2 binds c-Jun approximately 25 times more efficiently than JNK1

491765

-

ATP + Elk1

ADP + phosphorylated Elk1

-

recombinant GST-tagged Elk1, substrate of ERK2

-

?

-

682950

-

?

the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2

-

?

the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3

-

?

recombinant GST-tagged substrate, the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2

-

?

recombinant GST-tagged substrate, the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3

-

?

ATP + Hot1p

ADP + phosphorylated Hot1p

-

substrate of Hog1p

-

?

-

substrate of Hog1p, phosphorylation of Hot1p is not required for Hot1p-mediated gene expression

-

?

ATP + human glucocorticoid receptor

ADP + phosphorylated human glucocorticoid receptor

-

specific phosphorylation at Ser211 by p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK is a mediator in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of lymphoid cells, interaction of MAPK and glucocorticoid pathways, overview

666360

-

?

-

specific phosphorylation at Ser211 by p38 MAPK

666360

-

?

ATP + Lin-1

ADP + phosphorylated Lin-1

substrate of ERK2, negative regulation of Lin-1

-

?

Lin-1 is an ETS transcription factor, substrate of ERK2, binding via the docking sequence of the substrate

-

?

ATP + MK2

ADP + phosphorylated MK2

-

680896

-

?

Salmo salar

A1ED58, A1ED59, A9UJZ9

-

681966

-

?

Salmo salar Aquagen

A1ED58, A1ED59, A9UJZ9

-

681966

-

?

ATP + MKS1

ADP + phosphorylated MSK1

Arabidopsis thaliana

-

MPK4 acts as a regulator of pathogen defense responses and is required for repression of salicylic acid-dependent resistance and for activation of jasmonate-dependent defense gene expression via MSK1, which interacts with the transcription factors WRKY25 and WRKY33

664751

-

?

-

substrate of MPK4

664751

-

?

ATP + MMP-9

ADP + phosphorylated MMP-9

-

activity of p38 MAP kinase, TNF-alpha stimulates MMP-9 expression via the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway in 5637 cells, and p38 MAP kinase-mediated MMP-9 gene regulation in response to TNF-alpha is involved in the NF-kappaB response element in 5637 cells, regulation, overview

692625

-

?

-

activity of p38 MAP kinase

692625

-

?

ATP + multifunctional protein CAD

ADP + phosphorylated multifunctional protein CAD

-

CAD initiates and regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is activated by phosphorylation at Thr456 by nuclear MAPKs, nuclear import of CAD is required for optimal cell growth

-

?

-

phosphorylation at Thr456, native and recombinant CAD

-

?

Mesocricetus auratus

-

CAD initiates and regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is activated by phosphorylation at Thr456 by nuclear MAPKs, nuclear import of CAD is required for optimal cell growth

-

?

-

phosphorylation at Thr456, native and recombinant multifunctional protein CAD

Echinococcus multilocularis

-

?

ATP + myelin basic protein

ADP + phosphorylated myelin basic protein

Dictyostelium discoideum

P42525

-

491759

-

-

680249

-

?

B1VK39, B1VK40

-

690853

-

?

-

substrate in in vitro kinase assay

703573

-

?

-

-

-

substrate of ERK2

-

?

Nicotiana tabacum

Q40517, Q40531, Q40532

-

491799

-

Zea mays

-

706382

-

?

ATP + phospholipase C-gamma1

ADP + phosphorylated phospholipase C-gamma1

the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2, phosphorylation inhibits phospholipase C-gamma1

-

?

recombinant substrate, the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2

-

?

ATP + protein

ADP + phosphoprotein

autophosphorylation

491741

-

autophosphorylates both Thr and Tyr residues

491771

-

-

Ser/Thr kinase

491802

-

Nicotiana tabacum

Q40517, Q40531, Q40532

autophosphorylation

491799

-

P49186, P49187

proline-directed kinase

491770

-

autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues, autophosphorylation is probably involved in the MAP kinase activation process in vitro, but it may not be sufficient for full activation

491734

-

ATP + protein ATF2

ADP + phosphorylated protein ATF2

-

recombinant GST-tagged ATF2 substrate

666711

-

?

-

recombinant GST-tagged ATF2DELTA115

663620

-

?

-

666425

-

?

ATP + Smad1

ADP + phosphorylated Smad1

Xenopus laevis

-

the MAP kinase antagonizes Smad1 in signaling during development of axis and neural specification, Smad1 is involved in dorsal-ventral patterning in embryos

664724

-

?

-

phosphorylation by MAP kinase inhibits Smad1 and the BMP-4/Smad1 signaling pathway, phosphorylation sites are S187, S195, S205, and S213, activity with Smad1 mutant S187/S195/S205/S213, overview

664724

-

?

ATP + Smad3

ADP + phosphorylated Smad3

-

substrate of MAPKs, e.g. ERK2

-

?

-

substrate of MAPKs, e.g. ERK2, identification of phosphorylation sites Ser203, Ser207, and Thr187, Ser207 is the best phosphorylation site for ERK2, other MAPKs than ERK2 also phosphorylate Ser212

-

?

ATP + Ste50

ADP + phosphorylated Ste50

P14681, P32485

Hog1 phosphorylates Ste50 in response to osmotic stress, and phosphorylation of Ste50 limits the duration of Kss1 activation and prevents invasive growth under high osmolarity growth conditions. The feedback phosphorylation event leads to more transient activation of Hog1, regulation, overview

-

?

P14681, P32485

Hog1 phosphorylates Ste50 in response to osmotic stress, and phosphorylation of Ste50 limits the duration of Kss1 activation and prevents invasive growth under high osmolarity growth conditions. The feedback phosphorylation event leads to more transient activation of Kss1, regulation, overview

-

?

ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase

ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase

-

phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser8 and Ser31 by ERK1 and ERK2 is involved in regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis

663757

-

?

-

recombinant rat wild-type and S8A, S31A, S19A, and S40A mutant tyrosine hydroxylase substrates, phosphorylation at Ser8 and Ser31 by ERK1 and ERK2, ERK2 prefers the Ser31 phosphorylation site, no activity with substrate mutant S8A/S31A

663757

-

?

additional information

?

-

Caenorhabditis elegans

-

enzyme is activated in response to a variety of cellular stresses and is involved in apoptosis in neurons

491808

-

Q8WQG9

UNC-16 may regulate the localization of vesicular cargo by integrating JNK signaling and kinesin-1 transport

491807

-

Q8WQG9

promoting influence of JNK-1 on both nuclear DAF-16 translocations and DAF-16 target gene sod-3, encoding superoxide dismutase 3, expressions within peripheral, non-neuronal tissue, JNK-1 modulates the intestinal stress-induced translocation of DAF-16 from the cytosol into the cell nucleus. JNK-1 is controlled by the MAPK JKK-1 under heat stress

693322

-

Candida albicans

Q92207

the mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog HOG1 gene controls glycerol accumulation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans

491813

-

Canis lupus familiaris

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, as well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview

-

Cyprinus carpio

O42099

enzyme plays an important role in egg maturation or ectogenetic early development

491719

-

Q90327

enzyme plays an important role in egg maturation or ectogenetic early development

491719

-

Danio rerio

Q9DGD9

possible role of asymmetric p38 activation in zebrafish in symmetric and synchronous cleavage

491817

-

Q9DGE1

possible role of asymmetric p38 activation in zebrafish in symmetric and synchronous cleavage

491817

-

Q9DGE2

possible role of asymmetric p38 activation in zebrafish in symmetric and synchronous cleavage

491817

-

spatiotemporal control of the Ras/ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway, involving multiple factors, is a key factor for determining the specificity of cellular responses including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival, the fidelity of the signaling is regulated by docking interactions and by scaffolding, molecular mechanism of negative regulation of Ras/ERK signaling

665424

-

Dictyostelium discoideum

-

ERK1 plays an essential role during the growth and differentiation

491759

-

P42525

ERK1 plays an essential role during the growth and differentiation

491759

-

Drosophila melanogaster

-

JUN N-terminal kinase signaling is required to initiate the cell shape change at the onset of the epithelial wound healing. The embryonic JUN N-terminal kinase gene cassette is induced at the edge of the wound

491772

-

functions of D-p38 is to attenuate antimicrobial peptide gene expression following exposure to lipopolysaccharide

491723

-

DJNK signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis

491775

-

dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during Drosophila embryogenesis, is controlled by the Drosophila JNK pathway, D-Fos and the phosphatase Puckered

491773

-

MAP kinase, ERK-A is required downstream of raf in the Sev signal transduction pathway

491757

-

enzyme may function to modulate Dpp signaling

491722

-

the JNK pathway is conserved and it is involved in controlling cell morphogenesis in Drosophila

491776

-

during Drosophila embryogenesis, ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally. This process, dorsal closure, requires two signaling pathways: the Drosophila Jun-amino-terminal kinase pathway and the Dpp pathway

491774

-

eukaryota

-

substrate specificity

490801

-

enzyme is part of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, crosstalk and regulation mechanism, overview

490796

-

poor activity on free amino acids, consensus sequence of ERK2 is P-XS/TP, substrate specificity and recognition elements, e.g. PXTP, the activity on the protein substrate is much higher compared to a 14-residue peptide containing the phosphorylation site

490935

-

Fusarium graminearum

-

Gpmk1 MAP kinase regulates the induction of secreted lipolytic enzymes

664685

-

Fusarium graminearum 08. Jan

-

Gpmk1 MAP kinase regulates the induction of secreted lipolytic enzymes

664685

-

Gallus gallus

-

ceramide activation of mitochondrial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a potential mechanism for loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptosis

666333

-

p38 MAPK, ERK1, and ERK2 are involved in regulation of connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, in chondrocyte maturation and function, particularly in the hypertrophic zone, as part of the retinoid and BMP signaling pathways, overview, p38 MAPK stimulates CTGF expression, while ERK1 and ERK2 supress it

665792

-

-

no phosphorylation of the activation domain of c-Jun

491718

-

no phosphorylation of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 and -3

491715

-

P31152

enzyme is implicated in signal transduction pathways

491743

-

BMK1 may regulate signaling events distinct from those controlled by the ERK group of enzymes

491787

-

the enzyme plays a crucial role in stress and inflammatory responses and is also involved in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus gene expression

491712

-

JNK1 is a component of a novel signal transduction pathway that is activated by oncoproteins and UV irradiation, JNK1 activation may play an important role in tumor promotion

491763

-

enzyme is involved in the signal transduction pathway initiated by proinflammatory cytokines and UV radiation

491764

-

p493F12 gene maps to the human chromosome 21q21 region, a region that may be important in the pathogenesis of AD and Down's syndrome

491771

-

enzyme is activated by cellular stresses and plays an important role in regulating gene expression

491715

-

signaling pathway, including ERK, regulation, overview

662678

-

the enzyme is part of a signalling cascade resulting in an increase in Ca2+-fluxes, activation of NF-kappaB, and expression of interleukin-8, the cascade is stimulated by pathogens, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus RN6390, binding to asialo-glycolipid receptors, e.g. the asialoGM1 receptor, in epithelial membranes, no activation occurs with the pil mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the agr mutant of Staphylococcus aureus RN6911, Ca2+-dependent signaling, overview

662107

-

interaction motifs of substrates are crucial for MAPK activity, motif Leu-Xaa-Leu preceded by 3-5 basic residues is abundant, docking mechanism in MAPK signalling, the recognition modules can function synergistically or competitively, MAPK determinants recognizing docking motifs, overview

-

MAPKs play a pivotal role in signal transduction

664618

-

MAPKs, e.g. p38, play a key role in the transductin of biological signals from cell surface receptors, through the cytoplasm, to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus

664687

-

p38 isozymes are involved in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation response, p38 expression and activity in signaling in erythroid cells is independent of erythropoietin

666711

-

p38 MAP kinase mediates the activation of neutrophils and repression of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in response to inhibition by plasma opsonized crystals of calcium diphosphate dihydrate, p38 MAP kinase is involved in apoptosis of neutrophils, regulation overview

664568

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, aas well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview

-

the p38 MAPKalpha is involved in cell signal transduction and mediates responses to cell stresses and to growth factors

663620

-

arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases in promyelocytes and cancer cells. It enhances adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, release, and activity of gelatinase and degranulation of secretory, specific, and gelatinase, but not azurophilic granules, and is dependent upon activation of p38 and/or JNK. Activation of p38 and JNK is not associated with the ability of arsenic trioxide to induce human neutrophil apoptosis, overview

693505

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk1, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk1 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P28482

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk1, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk1 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk2, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk2 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P28482

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk2, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk2 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of JNK, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P28482

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of JNK, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P45984

JNK2 shows conformational flexibility in the MAP kinase insert and its involvement in the regulation of catalytic activity, the MAP kinase insert of JNK2 plays a role in the regulation of JNK2 activation, possibly by interacting with intracellular binding partners, overview

693668

-

p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 decreases TNF-alpha-mediated DNA binding activity of NF-?B, which is is involved in p38MAP kinase-mediated control of the MMP-9 gene in 5637 cells, overview

692625

-

p38 MAPK is a central signaling molecule in many proinflammatory pathways, regulating the cellular response to a multitude of external stimuli including heat, ultraviolet radiation, osmotic shock, and a variety of cytokines especially interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha

693569

-

Q16539

The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 is a key regulator in the signaling pathways controlling the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta

691280

-

Magnaporthe grisea

Q92246

PMK1 is part of a highly conserved MAP kinase signal transduction pathway that acts cooperatively with a cAMP signaling pathway for fungal pathogenesis

491814

-

-

the enzyme depends on basic residues for substrate recognition, autoregulation by a pseudosubstrate mechanism, overview

490797

-

MAPK pathways overview, interaction of MAPKs and transcription factors, overview, the MAPKs act as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes, e.g. ERK1 and ERK2 interact with AP1-complex, which is regulated via the all-trans retinoic acid receptor and TPA, overview

-

transcription factor protein domains consisting of the LXL motif, the FXFP motif, the LXLXXXF motif, or the ETS motif, are involved in stable interaction of MAPKs with transcription complexes

-

Medicago sativa

-

kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Jnk3-mediated signalling pathway is an important component in the pathogenesis of glutamate neurotoxicity

491804

-

MKK4 is a JNK activator in vivo and an essential component of the JNK signal transduction pathway

491811

-

JNK is necessary for T-cell differentiation but not for naive T-cell activation

491810

-

Q61831

the enzyme functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway

491803

-

the enzyme functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway

491803

-

the enzyme functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway

491803

-

ERK, but not p38 and JNK, is involved in TGF-beta production in macrophages, the phosphatidylserine-receptor is involved in the ERK signaling pathway, overview

664279

-

regulation mechanism of p38 MAPK activity involving the protein kinases MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6, overview

665052

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, as well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview

-

measurement of ATPase activity of p38 MAPK in an NADH-coupled assay

664894

-

activated p39 MAPK inhibits steroid synthesis in adrenocortical Y1-BS1 cells, overview

693384

-

activated p39 MAPK inhibits steroid synthesis in adrenocortical Y1-BS1 cells, overview

693384

-

activation of JNK facilitates tumour necrosis factor-induced cell death. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is induced by TNF-stimulation, but it is not involved in TNF-induced cell death. p38alpha MAPK inhibits JNK activation and collaborates with IkappaB kinase 2 to prevent endotoxin-induced liver failure. p38alpha MAPK inhibits MKK4, and MKK3/6, regulation, overview

692075

-

MAP kinases are essential signaling molecules that mediate many cellular effects of growth factors, cytokines, and stress stimuli

693135

-

MAPKs are involved in the upstream regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS

691878

-

p38 MAPK is induced in response to environmental stress, it is implicated in diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival of differentiated cells in the central nervous system, expression profile and roles of p38 MAPK in the developing brain, overview. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enhance proliferation of mouse neural stem cells, overview

693778

-

Q61831

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modeling, overview

-

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modeling, overview

-

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modeling, overview

-

Q61831

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modelling, overview

-

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modelling, overview

-

trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modelling, overview

-

Mus musculus C57BL/6

activation of JNK facilitates tumour necrosis factor-induced cell death. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is induced by TNF-stimulation, but it is not involved in TNF-induced cell death. p38alpha MAPK inhibits JNK activation and collaborates with IkappaB kinase 2 to prevent endotoxin-induced liver failure. p38alpha MAPK inhibits MKK4, and MKK3/6, regulation, overview

692075

-

Oryctolagus cuniculus

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, as well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview

-

Pisum sativum

Q9M6R8

MAPK cascades play a key role in plant growth and development as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses

694772

-

Q9WTY9

p38-delta is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7, suggesting that p38-delta is a unique stress-responsive protein kinase

491712

-

the enzyme is involved in regulating the response of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals

491737

-

Q9WTY9

the enzyme plays a crucial role in stress and inflammatory responses and is also involved in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus gene expression

491712

-

p38 MAPK, but not ERKs or JNKs, regulates the serotonin transporter, SERT, and subsequent signaling induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, overview

666131

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, aas well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview

-

tert-butyl hydroperoxide activation of MAPK might be involved in vascular dysfunction in oxidative stress responses and the vascular inflammatory process

665029

-

MAPK phosphorylation consensus sequences

-

MAPK phosphorylation consensus sequences

-

stoichiometry of phosphorylation of wild-type and mutant tyrosine hydroxylase substrates by ERK2

663757

-

P21708

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk1, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk1 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk1, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk1 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P21708

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk2, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk2 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk2, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk2 pathway, mechanism, overview

-

P21708

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of JNK, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway, mechanism, overview

-

cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of JNK, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway, mechanism, overview

-

-

enzyme is required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation

491731

-

enzyme is required for restoring the osmotic gradient across the cell membrane

491754

-

enzyme is involved in polarized cell growth

491778

-

P41808

enzyme is required for spore wall assembly

491758

-

P16892

signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Tyr and Thr phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1

491727

-

DAC2/FUS3 protein kinase is not essential for transcriptional activation of the mating pheromone response pathway

491730

-

enzyme is involved in growth control pathway

491728

-

Hog1 is related to osmotic stress

662926

-

the enzyme performs autophosporylation

662926

-

Fus3, Kss1, and Hog1 function during the mating pheromone response, the switch of filamentous growth, and the response to high osmolarity, respectively, detailed pathway overview, MAPK signaling pathways and specificity, pathway sequestering mechanism modeling, separation via subcellular compartmentalization, temporal separation, scaffolding, combinatorial signaling, detailed overview

663636

-

MAPK pathways overview, the MAPKs act as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes, e.g. Hog1p, Hot1p, and Sko1p, overview

-

transcription factor protein domains consisting of the LXL motif, the FXFP motif, the LXLXXXF motif, or the ETS motif, are involved in stable interaction of MAPKs with transcription complexes

-

kinase activity of Hog1 is required to promote its own dephosphorylation after hyperosmotic-stress-induced activation, moreover, catalytic activity of Hog1 is required continuously to prevent cross talk between the the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway and both the pheromone response and invasive growth pathways

679590

-

P14681

the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Hog1 activity is transient and promotes cell adaptation to osmotic stress, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Hog1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview

-

P32485

the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Hog1 activity is transient and promotes cell adaptation to osmotic stress, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Hog1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview

-

P14681

the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Kss1 activity is sustained and promotes invasive growth, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Kss1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview

-

P32485

the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Kss1 activity is sustained and promotes invasive growth, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Kss1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

-

P27638

-

491743

-

enzyme plays a pivotal role in a variety of signal transduction pathways

491744

-

enzyme functions as a part of the fission yeast growth control pathway

491745

-

the enzyme regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway

491816

-

Q92398

stress-activated MAP kinase regulates morphogenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

491815

-

Q09892

conjugation, meiosis, and the osmotic stress response are regulated by Spc1 kinase through Atf1 transcription factor in fission yeast

491784

-

acts downstream of the Wis1 MAP kinase kinase to control cell size at division in fission yeast

491785

-

Sus scrofa

-

signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, as well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview