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Information on EC 2.7.11.22 - cyclin-dependent kinase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession P24100
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2.7.11.22 cyclin-dependent kinaseIUBMB Comments
Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases requires association of the enzyme with a regulatory subunit referred to as a cyclin. It is the sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases, through the periodic synthesis and destruction of cyclins, that provides the primary means of cell-cycle regulation.
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Word Map
- 2.7.11.22
- cyclins
- p27kip1
- retinoblastoma
-
mitosis
-
cell-cycle
-
checkpoint
- histone
- tumorigenesis
- tumour
- bcl-2
- p16ink4a
-
s-phase
-
hyperphosphorylation
- leukemia
- prostate
- chromatin
- epidermal
-
exit
-
antiproliferative
- mapks
- caspase-3
-
mitogen
- tau
- xenopus
- spindle
- c-myc
-
interphase
-
quiescent
- oocyte
- pcna
-
fission
- alzheimer
- proteasome
- microtubule
- analysis
- medicine
- cdc25c
- pharmacology
- letrozole
-
cycle-dependent
-
polo-like
- chk1
-
p53-independent
- drug development
-
cytokinesis
- centrosome
-
prophase
-
postmitotic
-
receptor-positive
-
cycle-related
-
anaphase
-
aurora
-
metaphase
-
her2-negative
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk, p34cdc2, cdkl5, cdc2 kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cdc28, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
cell division control protein 2 homolog A
-
CDKC2
Cyclin-dependent kinase pef1
-
-
-
-
PHO85 homolog
-
-
-
-
CDKC2
combines the functions of both CRK7 and CDK9, and can also couple splicing with transcription
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:cyclin phosphotransferase
Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases requires association of the enzyme with a regulatory subunit referred to as a cyclin. It is the sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases, through the periodic synthesis and destruction of cyclins, that provides the primary means of cell-cycle regulation.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
150428-23-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase
?
-
gene locus At5g62790
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + 20S proteasome alpha subunit PAD1
?
-
gene locus At3g51260
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + 5-methyltetrahydropteroyl-triglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase
?
-
i.e. EC 2.1.1.14, gene locus At517920
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + aldehyde dehydrogenase 7B4
?
-
gene locus At1g54100
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + aquaporin interactor
?
-
gene locus At4g38220
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + beta glucosidase 18
?
-
gene locus At1g52400
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2
?
-
gene locus At4g38970
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2
?
-
gene locus At1g13440
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + heat shock protein 70
?
-
gene locus At3g09440
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + isopropylmalate dehydrogenase 1
?
-
gene locus At5g14200
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + low expression of osmotically responsive genes 2
?
-
gene locus At2g36530
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 1
?
-
gene locus At1g53240
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein
?
-
gene locus At5g19440
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + proline iminopeptidase
?
-
gene locus At2g14260
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + thioglucoside glucohydrolase 1
?
-
gene locus At5g26000
-
-
?
ATP + RNA polymerase II
ADP + phosphorylated RNA polymerase II
-
-
-
?
ATP + RNA polymerase II
ADP + phosphorylated RNA polymerase II
phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + pfkB-like carbohydrate kinase family protein
?
-
gene locus At2g31390
-
-
?
N6-PhEt-ATP-gamma-S + pfkB-like carbohydrate kinase family protein
?
-
gene locus At5g51830
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which is required for G1 to S-phase transition and for entry into mitosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which is required for G1 to S-phase transition and for entry into mitosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme may play a role in the regulation of plant growth and development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
plant-specific cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1,1 and transcription factor E2Fa-DPa control the balance of mitotically dividing and endoreduplicating cells in Arabidopsis thaliana, CDKB1,1 is required to inhibit the endocycle and promote the ectopic cell divisions triggered by E2Fa-DPa, regulation model
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with kinesin-like proteins KCA1 and KCA2 and is required for their activity and protein folding, and is influenced by the phosphorylation status of KCA1 and KCA2, the interaction plays a role in the cell cycle and cell division, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the plant-specific kinase CDKF,1 is involved in activating phosphorylation of CDK-activating kinases in Arabidopsis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with kinesin-like proteins KCA1 and KCA2, which possess N-terminal ATP and microtubule binding sites, as well as potential C-terminal CDK phosphorylation sites at positions 698, 849, and 853 in KCA1, and at positions 827 and 831 in KCA2, overview
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which is required for G1 to S-phase transition and for entry into mitosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which is required for G1 to S-phase transition and for entry into mitosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme may play a role in the regulation of plant growth and development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
plant-specific cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1,1 and transcription factor E2Fa-DPa control the balance of mitotically dividing and endoreduplicating cells in Arabidopsis thaliana, CDKB1,1 is required to inhibit the endocycle and promote the ectopic cell divisions triggered by E2Fa-DPa, regulation model
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with kinesin-like proteins KCA1 and KCA2 and is required for their activity and protein folding, and is influenced by the phosphorylation status of KCA1 and KCA2, the interaction plays a role in the cell cycle and cell division, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the plant-specific kinase CDKF,1 is involved in activating phosphorylation of CDK-activating kinases in Arabidopsis
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cyclin H
-
interacts with CDKF,1, dependent on, CDK activity requires specific cyclin partners
-
cyclin T
CDKC1 and CDKC2 form P-TEFb-like complexes with cyclin T14 and cyclin T15
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
phosphorylation of T161 in CDKA.1 is essential for cell division during male gametophyte development
-
additional information
-
CDKF,1 is activated by phosphorylation at the activation T-loop by CDK-activating kinases, CAKs
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
CDKB1,1 is expressed only during mitotic phase of the leaf development, mutant leaves overexpressing CDKB1,1 dominant negative mutant show half the number of epidermal cells at maturity and increased temperature compared to wild-type leaves
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
CDKC2 associates with the cortical microtubules in cytoplasm
-
the enzyme contains no nuclear targeting signal sequence and associates tightly with interphase chromatin
CDKC2 is localized in nuclear speckles, and is strongly associated with the nuclear matrix
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
inhibition of CDK activity at the shoot apex results in premature differentiation of shoot apical meristem cells. Cell-cycle inhibition in the STM domain affects cell division in the meristem and the developing organs
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CDKA1_ARATH
294
0
34030
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
resolution of CAK-CDK complexes by gel filtration, overview
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
-
CDKF,1 is activated by phosphorylation at the activation T-loop by CDK-activating kinases, CAK2At-CAK4At, while CAK1At is a subunit of a protein complex of 130 kD, which phosphorylates the T-loop of CAK2At and CAK4At and activates the CTD-kinase activity of CAK4At in vitro and in root protoplasts, CAK2At activates CDKD,3 and CAK4At activates CDKD,2, both interact with cyclin H
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
K33R
-
site-directed mutagenesis of CDK2, mutant is a substrate of the CAK1At complex and of the smaller CAK2At complex, overview
additional information
additional information
loss-of-function mutation in the CDKA.1 gene, displays male gametophyte lethality, and produces bicellular pollen grains instead of the tricellular grains produced in wild-type plants
additional information
-
construction of transgenic plants expressing a negative dominant mutant of CDKB1,1 leading to stimulation to exit the mitosis, and of plants overexpressing the transcription factor E2Fa-DPa, these plants show two different cell-specific phenotypes: some divide ectopically and others are stimulated to endocycle, overexpression of the negative dominant CDKB1,1 mutant increases the endoreduplication phenotype, overview
additional information
-
loss of function of the non-null cdkc2/CDKC1 RNAi and cyct15/CYCT14 RNAi double mutants leads to complete resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus
additional information
loss of function of the non-null cdkc2/CDKC1 RNAi and cyct15/CYCT14 RNAi double mutants leads to complete resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus
additional information
-
construction of transgenic plants with transformed dominant negative allele (CDKA;1.N146) of CDKA;1. CDKA;1.N146 expression level in Arabidopsis thaliana affects meristem organization, the number of plants with multiple meristems is much higher in homozygous versus hemizygous PSTM:CDKA;1.N146 populations. The hemizygous PSTM:CDKA;1.N146 plants lose the typical malformed leaf phenotype of the homozygous plants, corresponding with a decrease in the CDKA;1.N146 expression level, and the number of plants with two or more rosettes is significantly reduced, phenotypes, overview
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CDC2a cDNA expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe corrects the elongated morphology, caused by the temperature-sensitive cdc2-33 mutation
expression of CDKA,1 and KCA1/KCA2 in a two-hybrid system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealing interactions between the enzyme and the kinesin-like proteins, CDKA,1 binding site mapping by expression of fragments of KCA1/2, overview, co-expression of GFP-tagged CDKA,1 and GFP-tagged KCA1/2 in BY-2 cells and determination of subcellular localization, overview
-
expression of the dominant negative allele CDKA;1.N146 of CDKA;1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and the pBIN+ vector with a 3' NOS terminator
-
gene CDKB1,1 transcription is controlled by the E2F pathway with transcription factor E2Fa-DPa binding to the CDKB1,1 promoter, thus there is crosstalk between the G1-S and G2-M transition points, promoter analysis
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Inze, D.; Ferreira, P.; Hemerly, A.; Van Montagu, M.
Control of cell division in plants
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
20
80-84
1992
Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100)
Imajuku, Y.; Hirayama, T.; Endoh, H.; Oka, A.
Exon-intron organization of the Arabidopsis thaliana protein kinase genes CDC2a and CDC2b
FEBS Lett.
304
73-77
1992
Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100), Arabidopsis thaliana (P25859), Arabidopsis thaliana
Hirayama, T.; Imajuku, Y.; Anai, T.; Matsui, M.; Oka, A.
Identification of two cell-cycle-controlling cdc2 gene homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Gene
105
159-165
1991
Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100), Arabidopsis thaliana (P25859), Arabidopsis thaliana
Ferreira, P.C.; Hemerly, A.S.; Villarroel, R.; Van Montagu, M.; Inze, D.
The Arabidopsis functional homolog of the p34cdc2 protein kinase
Plant Cell
3
531-540
1991
Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100), Arabidopsis thaliana
Mayer, K.; Schuller, C.; Wambutt, R.; Murphy, G.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
402
769-777
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana (P43294)
Moran, T.V.; Walker, J.C.
Molecular cloning of two novel protein kinase genes from Arabidopsis thaliana
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1216
9-14
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (P43294)
Salanoubat, M.; Lemcke, K.; Rieger, M.; Ansorge, W.; Unseld, M.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
408
820-822
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100), Arabidopsis thaliana (P25859)
Boudolf, V.; Vlieghe, K.; Beemster, G.T.; Magyar, Z.; Torres Acosta, J.A.; Maes, S.; Van Der Schueren, E.; Inze, D.; De Veylder, L.
The plant-specific cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1;1 and transcription factor E2Fa-DPa control the balance of mitotically dividing and endoreduplicating cells in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
16
2683-2692
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Shimotohno, A.; Umeda-Hara, C.; Bisova, K.; Uchimiya, H.; Umeda, M.
The plant-specific kinase CDKF;1 is involved in activating phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinases in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
16
2954-2966
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Vanstraelen, M.; Torres Acosta, J.A.; De Veylder, L.; Inze, D.; Geelen, D.
A plant-specific subclass of C-terminal kinesins contains a conserved a-type cyclin-dependent kinase site implicated in folding and dimerization
Plant Physiol.
135
1417-1429
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Harashima, H.; Shinmyo, A.; Sekine, M.
Phosphorylation of threonine 161 in plant cyclin-dependent kinase A is required for cell division by activation of its associated kinase
Plant J.
52
435-448
2007
Nicotiana tabacum, Arabidopsis thaliana (P24100)
Cui, X.; Fan, B.; Scholz, J.; Chen, Z.
Roles of Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase C complexes in cauliflower mosaic virus infection, plant growth, and development
Plant Cell
19
1388-1402
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W4P1)
Kitsios, G.; Alexiou, K.G.; Bush, M.; Shaw, P.; Doonan, J.H.
A cyclin-dependent protein kinase, CDKC2, colocalizes with and modulates the distribution of spliceosomal components in Arabidopsis
Plant J.
54
220-235
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W4P1)
Wang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Bird, D.A.; Fowke, L.C.
Functions, regulation and cellular localization of plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
J. Microsc.
231
234-246
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Gaamouche, T.; Manes, C.L.; Kwiatkowska, D.; Berckmans, B.; Koumproglou, R.; Maes, S.; Beeckman, T.; Vernoux, T.; Doonan, J.H.; Traas, J.; Inze, D.; De Veylder, L.
Cyclin-dependent kinase activity maintains the shoot apical meristem cells in an undifferentiated state
Plant J.
64
26-37
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
Harashima, H.; Dissmeyer, N.; Hammann, P.; Nomura, Y.; Kramer, K.; Nakagami, H.; Schnittger, A.
Modulation of plant growth in vivo and identification of kinase substrates using an analog-sensitive variant of cyclin-dependent kinase A;1
BMC Plant Biol.
16
209
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.7.11.22)
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): 1.I.1.1.3
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