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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments This is a heterogeneous group of serine/threonine protein kinases that do not have an activating compound and are either non-specific or their specificity has not been analysed to date.
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Xenopus laevis The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
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a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
protein kinase a, 14-3-3, camkii, p-akt, lrrk2, c-jun n-terminal kinase, serine/threonine kinase, raf-1, protein kinase b, gsk-3,
more
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A-T, mutated homolog
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AMH type II receptor
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Anti-sigma B factor rsbT
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Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
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Ataxia telangiectasia mutated homolog
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ATP-protein transphosphorylase
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Breast-tumor-amplified kinase
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Calcium-dependent protein kinase C
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Calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase A
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CDC25 suppressing protein kinase
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Cell division cycle 2-like
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CLP-36 interacting kinase
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cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
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cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase
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cyclin-dependent kinase
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cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase
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hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase
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Kinase interacting with stathmin
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kinase, casein (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protamine (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein, A (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein, C (phosphorylating)
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Lymphocyte-oriented kinase
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M phase-specific cdc2 kinase
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mitogen-activated S6 kinase
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Myristoylated and palmitoylated serine-threonine kinase
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NY-REN-55 antigen
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phosphorylase b kinase kinase
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Pre-mRNA protein kinase
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protein glutamyl kinase
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protein kinase (phosphorylating)
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Protein kinase B kinase
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protein kinase CK2
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Protein kinase Krct
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Protein kinase MST
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protein kinase p58
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Protein kinase PKL12
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protein phosphokinase
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protein serine kinase
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protein serine-threonine kinase
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protein-aspartyl kinase
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protein-cysteine kinase
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protein-serine kinase
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protein-serine/threonine kinase
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PRP4 pre-mRNA processing factor 4 homolog
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ribosomal protein S6 kinase II
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ribosomal protein S6 kinase II alpha
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ribosomal protein S6 kinase II beta
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ribosomal S6 protein kinase
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S-receptor kinase
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serine protein kinase
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serine(threonine) protein kinase
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serine-specific protein kinase
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serine/threonine kinase
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Serine/threonine kinase 15
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Serine/threonine kinase Ayk1
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serine/threonine protein kinase
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serine/threonine-protein kinase 11
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serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase NRK2
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase NYD-SPK
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Ste20-like kinase
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STE20-like kinase MST1
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STE20-like kinase MST2
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STE20-like kinase MST3
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Switch protein/serine kinase
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threonine-specific protein kinase
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type-2 casein kinase
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casein kinase I
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additional information
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PKN belongs to the AGC subfamily of protein kinases
additional information
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the enzyme belongs to the CKI family of serine/threonine protein kinases
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ATP + a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) = ADP + a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
catalytic mechanism and regulation of PKN
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phospho group transfer
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ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
This is a heterogeneous group of serine/threonine protein kinases that do not have an activating compound and are either non-specific or their specificity has not been analysed to date.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
191808-15-8
phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1
377752-08-4
ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2
389133-24-8
ribosomal S6 kinase 3
52660-18-1
casein kinase, protein kinase CK2
9026-43-1
this CAS Reg. No. encompasses a great variety of protein kinases including the serine/threonine specific kinases
90698-26-3
ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1
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casein + ATP
phosphorylated casein + ADP
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?
ATP + adenomatous polyposis coli protein
ADP + phosphorylated adenomatous polyposis coli protein
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i.e. APC, APC is phosphorylated in vitro by CKIdelta and CKIepsilon
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?
ATP + beta-catenin
ADP + phosphorylated beta-catenin
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phosphorylation at Ser45, priming GSK3beta phosphorylation
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?
ATP + Cdc25C
ADP + phosphorylated Cdc25C
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?
ATP + protein
ADP + phosphoprotein
autophosphorylation of Thr192
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?
ATP + protein Cubitus interruptus
ADP + phosphorylated protein Cubitus interruptus
ATP + protein LRP6
ADP + phosphorylated protein LRP6
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CKIgamma
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?
ATP + protein TCF3
ADP + phosphorylated protein TCF3
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CKIepsilon
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?
additional information
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ATP + protein Cubitus interruptus
ADP + phosphorylated protein Cubitus interruptus
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Ci proteins are important in regulation of Hedgehog signaling, overview
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ATP + protein Cubitus interruptus
ADP + phosphorylated protein Cubitus interruptus
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i.e. Ci, e.g. Ci-75 or Ci-155
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additional information
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additional information
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Chk1 protein kinase mediates a caffeine-sensitive pathway of checkpoint control
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additional information
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the damage/replication G2 checkpoint kinase Chk1 phosphorylates and inhibits Cdc25C, a Cdc2 Tyr-15 phosphatase, thereby directly linking the G2 checkpoint to negative regulation of Cdc2. Might function either as a G2 checkpoint kinase or as an ordinary cell cycle regulator in prophase-I-arrested oocytes
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additional information
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regulation mechanism and biological function of PKN, the enzyme is involved in cell cycle control
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additional information
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enzyme performs autophosphorylation, PKN binds several associated proteins via its ACC domain
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additional information
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multiple CKI family members play a role in both positively and negatively regulating Wnt and Hedgehog signaling, and the regulation of the stability of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, detailed overview, the partial degradation of Ci is promoted by phosphorylation and by a cytoplasmic complex, which includes Costal-2, a microtubule-binding protein, and Fused, a serine-threonine protein kinase
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ATP + adenomatous polyposis coli protein
ADP + phosphorylated adenomatous polyposis coli protein
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i.e. APC, APC is phosphorylated in vitro by CKIdelta and CKIepsilon
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?
ATP + beta-catenin
ADP + phosphorylated beta-catenin
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phosphorylation at Ser45, priming GSK3beta phosphorylation
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?
ATP + protein Cubitus interruptus
ADP + phosphorylated protein Cubitus interruptus
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Ci proteins are important in regulation of Hedgehog signaling, overview
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ATP + protein LRP6
ADP + phosphorylated protein LRP6
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CKIgamma
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ATP + protein TCF3
ADP + phosphorylated protein TCF3
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CKIepsilon
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additional information
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additional information
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additional information
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Chk1 protein kinase mediates a caffeine-sensitive pathway of checkpoint control
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additional information
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the damage/replication G2 checkpoint kinase Chk1 phosphorylates and inhibits Cdc25C, a Cdc2 Tyr-15 phosphatase, thereby directly linking the G2 checkpoint to negative regulation of Cdc2. Might function either as a G2 checkpoint kinase or as an ordinary cell cycle regulator in prophase-I-arrested oocytes
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?
additional information
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regulation mechanism and biological function of PKN, the enzyme is involved in cell cycle control
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?
additional information
?
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multiple CKI family members play a role in both positively and negatively regulating Wnt and Hedgehog signaling, and the regulation of the stability of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, detailed overview, the partial degradation of Ci is promoted by phosphorylation and by a cytoplasmic complex, which includes Costal-2, a microtubule-binding protein, and Fused, a serine-threonine protein kinase
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?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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Mg2+
reaction prefers Mn2+ to Mg2+
Mn2+
reaction prefers Mn2+ to Mg2+
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additional information
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PKN possesses an autoinhibitory site at the C-terminal C2 domain, which also binds activating arachidonic acid
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arachidonic acid
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activates in vitro, binds at the autoinhibitory site at the C-terminal C2-domain
small GTPase Rho
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small GTPase, binds and activates PKN
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additional information
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phosphorylation of PKN is required for full activation
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alpha'-chain
SwissProt
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
additional information
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isozymes show different tissue distribution
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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CSK21_XENLA
392
0
45187
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
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additional information
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isozyme structure analysis, PKN kinase contains a catalytic domain homologous to that of protein kinase C, as well as a unique regulatory region containing antiparallel coiled-coil domain, the ACC domain, and an autoinhibitory C2 domain binding activators
additional information
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outside of the kinase domain, CKI family members fall into subfamilies that have little homology to each other and differ in the length and amino acid sequence of their N- and C-terminal extensions
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phosphoprotein
Xchk1 is highly phosphorylated in the presence of unreplicated or damaged DNA, and this phosphorylation is abolished by caffeine
phosphoprotein
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phosphorylation is required for full activation
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K81I
mutation totally abolishes kinase activity
additional information
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injection of kinase-dead CKIepsilon into early Xenopus embryos causes defects in convergent extension during gastrulation
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Jones, S.W.; Erikson, E.; Blenis, J.; Maller, J.L.; Erikson, R.L.
A Xenopus ribosomal protein S6 kinase has two apparent kinase domains that are each similar to distinct protein kinases
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85
3377-3381
1988
Xenopus laevis (P10665), Xenopus laevis (P10666)
brenda
Su, J.Y.; Erikson, E.; Maller, J.L.
Cloning and characterization of a novel serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in early Xenopus embryos
J. Biol. Chem.
271
14430-14437
1996
Xenopus laevis (Q91604)
brenda
Nakajo, N.; Oe, T.; Uto, K.; Sagata, N.
Involvement of Chk1 kinase in prophase I arrest of Xenopus oocytes
Dev. Biol.
207
432-444
1999
Xenopus laevis (Q6DE87)
brenda
Kumagai, A.; Guo, Z.; Emami, K.H.; Wang, S.X.; Dunphy, W.G.
The Xenopus Chk1 protein kinase mediates a caffeine-sensitive pathway of checkpoint control in cell-free extracts
J. Cell Biol.
142
1559-1569
1998
Xenopus laevis (Q6DE87)
brenda
Jedlicki, A.; Hinrichs, M.V.; Allende, C.C.; Allende, J.E.
The cDNAs coding for the alpha- and beta-subunits of Xenopus laevis casein kinase II
FEBS Lett.
297
280-284
1992
Xenopus laevis (P28020), Xenopus laevis
brenda
Mukai, H.
The structure and function of PKN, a protein kinase having a catalytic domain homologous to that of PKC
J. Biochem.
133
17-27
2003
Asteroidea, Bos taurus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Xenopus laevis
brenda
Price, M.A.
CKI, there's more than one: casein kinase I family members in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling
Genes Dev.
20
399-410
2006
Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Xenopus laevis
brenda
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB):
8.A.23.1.35 ,
9.B.321.1.1 ,
8.A.104.1.10 ,
1.A.87.2.4 ,
1.I.1.1.3 ,
1.A.87.2.9 ,
8.A.104.1.1 ,
1.A.87.2.6 ,
1.I.1.1.5 ,
9.A.15.1.1 ,
1.A.4.5.8 ,
1.A.4.5.1 ,
1.A.87.2.11 ,
8.A.104.1.9 ,
1.A.87.2.3 ,
8.A.104.1.5 ,
2.A.133.1.3