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ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
additional information
?
-
ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key and rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, enzyme mutations can cause hereditary inclusion body myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, essential for early embryonic development, enzyme involved in several genetic disorders such as sialuria, hereditary inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, mutations in the enzyme causes hereditary inclusion body myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, reduced activity causes distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and ManNAc kinase are parts of one bifunctional enzyme, catalyzes the first 2 steps in N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform GNE2 displays an extended N-terminus compared with isoform GNE, which is linked directly to the epimerase domain. Recombinant GNE2 still possesses both enzymatic activities of GNE
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform GNE3 displays an deleted N-terminus compared with isoform GNE. Recombinant GNE3 shows a total loss of the epimerase activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is a bifunctional enzyme uridine diphosphate 1-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, i.e. UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase or GNE. The N-terminal domain carries out UDP-GlcNAc epimerase function, whereas the C-terminal domain is responsible for ManNAc kinase activity
-
-
?
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ATP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is a bifunctional enzyme uridine diphosphate 1-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, i.e. UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase or GNE. The N-terminal domain carries out UDP-GlcNAc epimerase function, whereas the C-terminal domain is responsible for ManNAc kinase activity
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key and rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, enzyme mutations can cause hereditary inclusion body myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, essential for early embryonic development, enzyme involved in several genetic disorders such as sialuria, hereditary inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, mutations in the enzyme causes hereditary inclusion body myopathy
-
-
?
ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
-
key enzyme in the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and therefore of nearly all other sialic acids, reduced activity causes distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
-
-
?
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(2Z)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
FMP-209613
(2Z)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
FMP-209617
1,3-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
-
-
1,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
-
-
2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfanyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione
-
FMP-404919
2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
-
-
2-hydroxy-6-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
-
-
2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
-
-
2-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazole
-
FMP-402581
3-acetyl-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
3-O-methyl-N-acetylglucosamine
-
4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid
-
-
4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
also named 4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid
4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
-
-
5-(anthracen-9-ylmethylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
FMP-402534
5-(cyanomethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
5-carbamoyl-3-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
6-(cyclopentylcarbamoyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
6-6'-diselenobis-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose)
-
-
6-acetylpicolinic acid
-
-
6-acetylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
also named 6-acetylpicolinic acid
6-carbamoylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
6-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine
-
-
6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
-
-
6-O-acetyl-N-acetylmannosamine
-
7-nitro-10-(3-nitrophenyl)pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
-
FMP-200208
methyl 5,6-diaminopyridine-2-carboxylate
-
-
N-[4-[(E)-(3,5-dioxo-1-phenylpyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]acetamide
-
FMP-100705
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0.011
(2Z)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.5
1,3-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 2.5 mM, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.4
1,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.0072
2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfanyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.5
2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 2.5 mM, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.5
2-hydroxy-6-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 2.5 mM, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.9
2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.7
3-acetyl-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.9
4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.9
4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.078
4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.0006
5-(anthracen-9-ylmethylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.5
5-(cyanomethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 2.5 mM, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.8
5-carbamoyl-3-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
3.7
6-(cyclopentylcarbamoyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.08
6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.8
6-6'-diselenobis-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose)
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.7
6-acetylpicolinic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.7
6-acetylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.076
6-carbamoylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.5
6-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 2.5 mM, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
1.6
6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.8
methyl 5,6-diaminopyridine-2-carboxylate
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.0004
N-[4-[(E)-(3,5-dioxo-1-phenylpyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]acetamide
Homo sapiens
-
at pH 8.0 and 37°C
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A524V
-
30% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
A631T
-
75% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
C303V
-
60% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
C303X
-
no ManNAc kinase activity
D378Y
-
45% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
D517A
site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant
D517N
site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant
E35X
enzyme activity is severely decreased or absent in this mutant
F528C
-
35% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
F537I
-
60% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
G135E
enzyme activity is severely decreased or absent in this mutant
G576E
-
15% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
G576R
the mutation is associated with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
G708S
-
5% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
H132Q
-
50% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
I200F
-
75% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
I472T
-
5% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
I587T
-
35% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
M743T
the mutation, which is associated with GNE myopathy, has a 10fold lower binding affinity to alpha-actinin 2 than the intact enzyme
N519S
-
20% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
R11W
-
40% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
R177C
-
80% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
V331A
-
115% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
A630T
-
40% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
A630T
homozygous mutant of the N-acetylmannose kinase domain, involved in GNE myopathy
A631V
-
15% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
A631V
-
65% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
C13S
-
105% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
C13S
the mutation is associated with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
D176V
-
85% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
D176V
the mutation leads to impaired N-acetylmannosamine kinase activity (40.58% of wild type activity)
M712T
naturally occurring mutation, 30% loss of kinase activity
M712T
-
70% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
M712T
homozygous mutant of the N-acetylmannose kinase domain, involved in GNE myopathy
V572L
-
10% ManNAc kinase activity of the wild type enzyme
V572L
homozygous mutant of the N-acetylmannose kinase domain, involved in GNE myopathy
V572L
the mutation leads to impaired N-acetylmannosamine kinase activity (15.9% of wild type activity)
additional information
-
different mutations found in patients with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, D378Y, V331A, D177C, D176V, H132Q and C13S in the epimerase domain are mostly without effect on the kinase activity, V572L, A524V, I472T, A630T, A631V, and G708S in the kinase domain some of which causes a dramatic decrease of kinase activity, some of the mutations affects both activities
additional information
-
naturally occurring mutations in patients with hereditary inclusion body myopathy, mutations G135V, V216A, R246W, A631V, and M217T identified, mutations severely affect both activities of the bifunctional enzyme
additional information
homozygote and heterozygte mutants of the epimerase and the kinase domains of the enzyme, respectively, overview
additional information
-
stable knock-down of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase in HEK-293 cells by RNAi dramatically increases incorporation of N-acetylmannosamine analogues into glycoproteins of HEK-293 cells. HEK293 cells transfected with sh68- and sh70-shRNA almost completely loose GNE mRNA expression, while other shRNAs are less effective. Peanut agglutinin, recognizing asialo structures, reveals a 3-4fold higher binding affinity to GNE knock-down cells compared to controls
additional information
the enzyme is silenced or overexpressed in human pancreatic carcinoma cells, gene expression profiling, enzymatic activity, transcriptions levels, and cell cycle analysis, overview
additional information
-
the enzyme is silenced or overexpressed in human pancreatic carcinoma cells, gene expression profiling, enzymatic activity, transcriptions levels, and cell cycle analysis, overview
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Hinderlich, S.; Berger, M.; Schwarzkopf, M.; Effertz, K.; Reutter, W.
Molecular cloning and characterization of murine and human N-acetylglucosamine kinase
Eur. J. Biochem.
267
3301-3308
2000
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
brenda
Zeitler, R.; Giannis, A.; Danneschewski, S.; Henk, E.; Henk, T.; Bauer, C.; Reutter, W.; Sandhoff, K.
Inhibition of N-acetylglucosamine kinase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase by 3-O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in vitro
Eur. J. Biochem.
204
1165-1168
1992
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus norvegicus Wistar
brenda
Lucka, L.; Krause, M.; Danker, K.; Reutter, W.; Horstkorte, R.
Primary structure and expression analysis of human UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, the bifunctional enzyme in neuraminic acid biosynthesis
FEBS Lett.
454
341-344
1999
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Krause, S.; Hinderlich, S.; Amsili, S.; Horstkorte, R.; Wiendl, H.; Argov, Z.; Mitrani-Rosenbaum, S.; Lochmueller, H.
Localization of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManAc kinase (GNE) in the Golgi complex and the nucleus of mammalian cells
Exp. Cell Res.
304
365-379
2005
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
brenda
Hinderlich, S.; Salama, I.; Eisenberg, I.; Potikha, T.; Mantey, L.R.; Yarema, K.J.; Horstkorte, R.; Argov, Z.; Sadeh, M.; Reutter, W.; Mitrani-Rosenbaum, S.
The homozygous M712T mutation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase results in reduced enzyme activities but not in altered overall cellular sialylation in hereditary inclusion body myopathy
FEBS Lett.
566
105-109
2004
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223), Homo sapiens
brenda
Sparks, S.E.; Ciccone, C.; Lalor, M.; Orvisky, E.; Klootwijk, R.; Savelkoul, P.J.; Dalakas, M.C.; Krasnewich, D.M.; Gahl, W.A.; Huizing, M.
Use of a cell-free system to determine UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase activities in human hereditary inclusion body myopathy
Glycobiology
15
1102-1110
2005
Homo sapiens
brenda
Noguchi, S.; Keira, Y.; Murayama, K.; Ogawa, M.; Fujita, M.; Kawahara, G.; Oya, Y.; Imazawa, M.; Goto, Y.I.; Hayashi, Y.K.; Nonaka, I.; Nishino, I.
Reduction of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase activity and sialylation in distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
J. Biol. Chem.
279
11402-11407
2004
Homo sapiens
brenda
Penner, J.; Mantey, L.R.; Elgavish, S.; Ghaderi, D.; Cirak, S.; Berger, M.; Krause, S.; Lucka, L.; Voit, T.; Mitrani-Rosenbaum, S.; Hinderlich, S.
Influence of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase mutant proteins on hereditary inclusion body myopathy
Biochemistry
45
2968-2977
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Reinke, S.O.; Hinderlich, S.
Prediction of three different isoforms of the human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase
FEBS Lett.
581
3327-3331
2007
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Wang, Z.; Sun, Z.; Li, A.V.; Yarema, K.J.
Roles for UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc 6-kinase outside of sialic acid biosynthesis: modulation of sialyltransferase and BiP expression, GM3 and GD3 biosynthesis, proliferation, and apoptosis, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation
J. Biol. Chem.
281
27016-27028
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Amsili, S.; Zer, H.; Hinderlich, S.; Krause, S.; Becker-Cohen, M.; MacArthur, D.G.; North, K.N.; Mitrani-Rosenbaum, S.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) binds to alpha-actinin 1: novel pathways in skeletal muscle?
PLoS ONE
3
e2477
2008
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Ishihara, S.; Tomimitsu, H.; Fujigasaki, H.; Saito, F.; Mizusawa, H.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase in nuclei and rimmed vacuoles of muscle fibers in DMRV (distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles)
J. Med. Dent. Sci.
55
181-187
2008
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Tong, Y.; Tempel, W.; Nedyalkova, L.; Mackenzie, F.; Park, H.W.
Crystal structure of the N-acetylmannosamine kinase domain of GNE
PLoS ONE
4
e7165
2009
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223), Homo sapiens
brenda
Moeller, H.; Boehrsch, V.; Lucka, L.; Hackenberger, C.P.; Hinderlich, S.
Efficient metabolic oligosaccharide engineering of glycoproteins by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) knock-down
Mol. Biosyst.
7
2245-2251
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Yardeni, T.; Choekyi, T.; Jacobs, K.; Ciccone, C.; Patzel, K.; Anikster, Y.; Gahl, W.A.; Kurochkina, N.; Huizing, M.
Identification, tissue distribution, and molecular modeling of novel human isoforms of the key enzyme in sialic acid synthesis, UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase
Biochemistry
50
8914-8925
2011
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Kemmner, W.; Kessel, P.; Sanchez-Ruderisch, H.; Moeller, H.; Hinderlich, S.; Schlag, P.M.; Detjen, K.
Loss of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) induces apoptotic processes in pancreatic carcinoma cells
FASEB J.
26
938-946
2012
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223), Homo sapiens
brenda
Martinez, J.; Nguyen, L.; Hinderlich, S.; Zimmer, R.; Tauberger, E.; Reutter, W.; Saenger, W.; Fan, H.; Moniot, S.
Crystal structures of N-acetylmannosamine kinase provide insights into enzyme activity and inhibition
J. Biol. Chem.
287
13656-13665
2012
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223), Homo sapiens
brenda
Mori-Yoshimura, M.; Monma, K.; Suzuki, N.; Aoki, M.; Kumamoto, T.; Tanaka, K.; Tomimitsu, H.; Nakano, S.; Sonoo, M.; Shimizu, J.; Sugie, K.; Nakamura, H.; Oya, Y.; Hayashi, Y.K.; Malicdan, M.C.; Noguchi, S.; Murata, M.; Nishino, I.
Heterozygous UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase domain mutations in the GNE gene result in a less severe GNE myopathy phenotype compared to homozygous N-acetylmannosamine kinase domain mutations
J. Neurol. Sci.
318
100-105
2012
Homo sapiens (Q9Y223)
brenda
Grover, S.; Arya, R.
Role of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) in beta1-integrin-mediated cell adhesion
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