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Information on EC 2.6.1.2 - alanine transaminase and Organism(s) Hordeum vulgare and UniProt Accession P52894
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2.6.1.2 alanine transaminaseIUBMB Comments
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. 2-Aminobutanoate can act slowly instead of alanine.
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Word Map
- 2.6.1.2
-
alt
- bilirubin
- necrosis
- cholesterol
-
hepatotoxicity
- creatinine
- triglyceride
- albumin
- hepatocytes
- fibrosis
- cirrhosis
- malondialdehyde
- dismutase
- bile
- nafld
- wistar
- lipoprotein
- platelet
- steatosis
-
nonalcoholic
- hemoglobin
- sod
-
hepatoprotective
- gg
-
gamma-glutamyl
- ccl4
-
tetrachloride
-
anti-hcv
- acetaminophen
- seroconversion
- transaminases
-
c-reactive
- gamma-glutamyltransferase
-
portal
-
ccl4-induced
- prothrombin
-
uric
- transpeptidase
-
reperfusion
-
hbeag
-
virological
- steatohepatitis
- lamivudine
-
waist
- synthesis
- ribavirin
-
homa-ir
- analysis
- viremia
- medicine
- tenofovir
- cholestasis
- agriculture
- jaundice
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Hordeum vulgare
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
alanine aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alat, pyruvate transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, alanine-aminotransferase, alaat, l-alanine aminotransferase, c-aat, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
alanine aminotransferase
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-
-
-
alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase
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-
-
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alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase
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-
-
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ALT
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-
-
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aminotransferase, alanine
-
-
-
-
beta-alanine aminotransferase
-
-
-
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glutamic acid-pyruvic acid transaminase
-
-
-
-
glutamic-alanine transaminase
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-
-
-
glutamic-pyruvic aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
-
-
-
-
GPT
-
-
-
-
L-alanine aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
L-alanine transaminase
-
-
-
-
L-alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase
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-
-
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pyruvate transaminase
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-
-
-
pyruvate-alanine aminotransferase
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-
-
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pyruvate-glutamate transaminase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
amino group transfer
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. 2-Aminobutanoate can act slowly instead of alanine.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9000-86-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
pyruvate + L-glutamate
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highly specific for alanine and 2-oxoglutarate
-
?
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
pyruvate + L-glutamate
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cannot use glyoxylate as keto donor
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is also able to utilize aspartate and oxaloacetate with 10% efficiency as compared to the native substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is also able to utilize aspartate and oxaloacetate with 10% efficiency as compared to the native substrates
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
anaerobically induced isoform does not require the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to retain its activity
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
an 1.5fold increase in enzyme activity is detected under hypoxic conditions
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
transgenic tobacco lines expressing synthetic alanine aminotransferase show improvement in nitrogen uptake, total free amino acid, crude proteins, enzyme activity, leaf area, stalk diameter, above the ground fresh mass, above ground dry matter and seed weight per plant which demonstrates improved nitrogen uptake and its incorporation into biomass as compared to the wild type
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). ALA2_HORVU
482
0
52877
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
HvAlaAT is crystallized in complex with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and L-cycloserine. Structure of this complex is solved at 2.7 A resolution
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
anaerobically induced isoform, ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, Q-Sepharose, Mono P, Mono Q
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
agriculture
expression of AlaAT variants from diverse sources and different subcellular locations, in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 background and alaat1, alaat2 knockout background under various conditions. Both the physical and physiological properties of AlaAT over-expressing transgenic plants demonstrate significant differences between plants expressing the different AlaAT enzymes under different external conditions. Plants over-expressing Mus musculus AlaAT1 and Hordeum vulgare AlaAT constitutively show increased leaf area.Pyrococcus furiosus AlaAT over-expressing cells take-up external leucine and alanine more effectively
agriculture
constitutive expression of the enzyme translates to elevation in wheat grain yield under field conditions
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Good, A.G.; Muench, D.G.
Purification and characterization of an anaerobically induced alanine aminotransferase from barley roots
Plant Physiol.
99
1520-1525
1992
Hordeum vulgare
Miyashita, Y.; Dolferus, R.; Ismond, K.P.; Good, A.G.
Alanine aminotransferase catalyses the breakdown of alanine after hypoxia in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
49
1108-1121
2007
Hordeum vulgare
Duff, S.M.; Rydel, T.J.; McClerren, A.L.; Zhang, W.; Li, J.Y.; Sturman, E.J.; Halls, C.; Chen, S.; Zeng, J.; Peng, J.; Kretzler, C.N.; Evdokimov, A.
The enzymology of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) isoforms from Hordeum vulgare and other organisms, and the HvAlaAT crystal structure
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
528
90-101
2012
Halalkalibacterium halodurans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oryza sativa, Pseudomonas putida, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare (P52894), Hordeum vulgare
McAllister, C.H.; Good, A.G.
Alanine aminotransferase variants conferring diverse NUE phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana
PLoS ONE
10
e0121830
2015
Hordeum vulgare (P52894), Hordeum vulgare, Mus musculus (Q8QZR5), Pyrococcus furiosus (Q9P9M8)
McAllister, C.H.; Facette, M.; Holt, A.; Good, A.G.
Analysis of the enzymatic properties of a broad family of alanine aminotransferases
PLoS ONE
8
e55032
2013
Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana (F4I7I0), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LDV4), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P52893), Hordeum vulgare (P52894), Mus musculus (Q8QZR5), Pyrococcus furiosus (Q9P9M8)
Ahmed, M.; Saeed, N.; Ashraf, Y.; Mukhtar, Z.; Habib, I.; Rauf, M.; Mansoor, S.
Expression of synthetic alanine aminotransferase gene improves nitrogen uptake and response in transgenic tobacco
Int. J. Agric. Biol.
23
744-750
2020
Hordeum vulgare (P52894)
-
Pena, P.A.; Quach, T.; Sato, S.; Ge, Z.; Nersesian, N.; Dweikat, I.M.; Soundararajan, M.; Clemente, T.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic wheat and sorghum events expressing the barley alanine aminotransferase
Planta
246
1097-1107
2017
Hordeum vulgare (P52894), Hordeum vulgare
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