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phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
mechanism
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
thermodynamical investigation of substrate binding and binding of inhibitory substrate analogue fosfomycin
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
enyme exhibits an open conformation when substrate-free, and a closed, tightly-packed conformation upon substrate binding
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
Lys22 is located near the active site and involved in substrate binding
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
mechanism
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
active site SH-group
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
D305 has a dual role as a general base and an essential binding partner to UDP-GlcNAc
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
Cys115 in the active site can act as proton donor, necessary for activity, or as a nucleophile
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
Cys115 is the active site nucleophile
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
N23 is responsible for stabilization of transition states
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
Asn23 and Asp305 are essential in the active site
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
mechanism, formation of a covalent intermediate between enzyme and enolpyruvate moiety
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
enyme exhibits an open conformation when substrate-free, and a closed, tightly-packed conformation upon substrate binding
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
structure analysis of conformational changes upon substrate binding
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
tetrahedral reaction intermediate, overall addition-elimination reaction is halted after the addition step
-
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phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + phosphate
-
-
-
r
phosphoenol-2-oxobutyrate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl-enol-2-oxobutyrate
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
additional information
?
-
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
substrate binding structure
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
thermodynamic parameters of substrate binding, wild-type, C115S and K22 mutants
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
i.e. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
i.e. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
i.e. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
-
i.e. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
specific for phosphoenolpyruvate and UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
i.e. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate
r
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
substrate binding structure
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
-
pathway for biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not display appreciable catalytic activity with UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with (Z)-phosphoenol-2-oxobutyrate, phosphoenol-3-bromopyruvate and phosphoenol-3-phenylpyruvate
-
-
?
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(S)-2-[2-(naphthalene-1-sulfonylamino)-5-(naphthalene-1-sulfonyloxy)-benzoylamino]-pentanedioic acid
competitive with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
(S)-2-[2-(naphthalene-1-sulfonylamino)-5-(naphthalene-1-sulfonyloxy)-benzoylamino]-succinic acid
-
1-tuliposide A
potent inhibitor
1-tuliposide B
potent inhibitor
2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol-5-yl (3-chlorophenyl)carbamate
-
2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol-6-yl benzenesulfonate
-
2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol-6-yl methanesulfonate
-
4,7-dichloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
-
5-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
-
5-bromo-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol-6-yl phenyl carbonate
-
5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
-
5-hydroxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
-
5-hydroxynaphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxathiol-2-one
-
HESFWYLPHHQSY
competitive inhibition
pyrazolopyrimidine
reversible inhibitor
RWJ-110192
reversible inhibitor
RWJ-140998
irreversible inhibitor
RWJ-3981
irreversible inhibitor
T6361
competitive inhibition
terreic acid
irreversible inhibitor
Trypsin
wild-type and mutant C115S, no protection via individually binding of substrates or inhibitor fosfomycin, but via binding of both, the 2 substrates and inhibitor fosfomycin
-
(+)-6-tuliposide B
-
35% residual activity at 0.1 mM
(+)-tulipalin B
-
3.3% residual activity at 0.1 mM
(-)-tulipalin B
-
3.7% residual activity at 0.1 mM
3-Bromopyruvate
-
irreversible, inhibitory effect is increased by UDP-GlcNAc
3-methylidenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
-
54% residual activity at 0.1 mM
epi-(+)-6-tuliposide B
-
19% residual activity at 0.1 mM
iodoacetamide
-
inhibition by alkylation of the active site Cys155, pH-dependent, no alkylation below pH 7.0, maximum alkylation at pH 9.0
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
-
phosphoenol-2-ketovalerate
-
-
UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid
-
inhibitor binding site is distinct from active site
uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic-acid-D-Ala-D-Ala
-
inhibitor binding site is distinct from active site
fosfomycin
-
fosfomycin
irreversible inhibitor
fosfomycin
irreversible, alkylation of C115
T6362
-
T6362
competitive inhibition
fosfomycin
-
-
fosfomycin
-
binds covalently to Cys115
fosfomycin
-
irreversible, active site SH-group is involved
fosfomycin
-
alkylates Cys115
fosfomycin
-
selectively inhibited by fosfomycin, which forms a covalent bond to the sulfhydryl group of the catalytically relevant Cys115 residue
additional information
inhibitors derived from 5-sulfonoxy-anthranilic acid obstruct the transition from the open and unliganded to the closed UDP-N-acetylglucosamine liganded form
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by pyruvate and fluoropyruvate
-
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C115D
the mutant enzyme lacks the ability to react with phosphoenolpyruvate covalently
K22V/R120K
no residual activity, heat capacity changes are markedly redcued
K22V/R120V
no residual activity
R120K
less than 0.05% of wild-type activity, heat capacity changes are markedly redcued
C251S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, Cys251 is not involved in the catalysis, unaltered biochemical properties
C354S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, Cys354 is not involved in the catalysis, unaltered biochemical properties
C381S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, Cys381 is not involved in the catalysis, unaltered biochemical properties
D305C
-
site-directed mutagenesis, weaker binding of UDP-GlcNAc, no activity
D305E
-
site-directed mutagenesis, weaker binding of UDP-GlcNAc, 0.1% activity compared to the wild-type
D305H
-
site-directed mutagenesis, weaker binding of UDP-GlcNAc, no activity, fosfomycin is not covalently attached to Cys115
N23A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, reduced activity, 20fold higher apparent dissociation constant for fosfomycin compared to wild-type
N23S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, reduced activity, 200fold higher apparent dissociation constant for fosfomycin compared to wild-type
C115S
-
C115S
mutant enzyme is capable of catalyzing the wild type enzyme reaction but is unable to release the products (single turnover), activity is not affected by fosfomycin
K22E
site-directed mutagenesis, exchange of conserved Lys residue located near the active site and involved in substrate binding leading to conformational changes, shows less than 0.5% activity compared to the wild-type, altered UDP-GlcNAc binding, highly reduced formation of covalent adduct between active site Cys115 and phosphoenolpyruvate or inhibitor fosfomycin
K22E
0.05% of wild-type activity, no formation of covalent adduct with fosfomycin
K22R
0.3% of wild-type activity
K22R
site-directed mutagenesis, exchange of conserved Lys residue located near the active site and involved in substrate binding leading to conformational changes, shows less than 0.5% activity compared to the wild-type, slightly reduced formation of covalent adduct between active site Cys115 and phosphoenolpyruvate or inhibitor fosfomycin
K22V
site-directed mutagenesis, exchange of conserved Lys residue located near the active site and involved in substrate binding leading to conformational changes, shows less than 0.5% activity compared to the wild-type, reduced formation of covalent adduct between active site Cys115 and phosphoenolpyruvate or inhibitor fosfomycin
K22V
0.03% of wild-type activity, similar to wild-type in binding of fosfomycin, presence of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine required
D305A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, weaker binding of UDP-GlcNAc, no activity, fosfomycin is not covalently attached to Cys115
D305A
-
crystallization data
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Gunetileke, K.G.; Anwar, R.A.
Biosynthesis of uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramic acid. II. Purification and properties of pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and characterization of uridine diphospho-N-acetylenopyruvylglucosamine
J. Biol. Chem.
243
5770-5778
1968
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae NRC 492
brenda
Zemell, R.I.; Anwar, R.A.
Pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. Purification to homogeneity and feedback inhibition
J. Biol. Chem.
250
3185-3192
1975
Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Zemell, R.I.; Anwar, R.A.
Mechanism of pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. Evidence for an enzyme-enolpyruvate intermediate
J. Biol. Chem.
250
4959-4964
1975
Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Wanke, C.; Falchetto, R.; Amrhein, N.
The UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase of Enterobacter cloacae. Molecular cloning, sequencing of the gene and overexpression of the enzyme
FEBS Lett.
301
271-276
1992
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054
brenda
Anwar, R.A.; Vlaovic, M.
Effect of phosphoenolpyruvate analogs on the activity of enoylpyruvate transferase and the effect of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine on the reactivity of the active site SH group
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
616
389-394
1980
Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Kim, D.H.; Lees, W.J.; Kempsell, K.E.; Lane, W.S.; Duncan, K.; Walsh, C.T.
Characterization of a Cys115 to Asp substitution in the Escherichia coli cell wall biosynthetic enzyme UDP-GlcNAc enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) that confers resistance to inactivation by the antibiotic fosfomycin
Biochemistry
35
4923-4928
1996
Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli MurA
brenda
Schoenbrunn, E.; Sack, S.; Eschenburg, S.; Perrakis, A.; Krekel, F.; Amrhein, N.; Mandelkow, E.
Crystal structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase, the target of the antibiotic fosfomycin
Structure
4
1065-1075
1996
Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Schonbrunn, E.; Svergun, D.I.; Amrhein, N.; Koch, M.H.J.
Studies on the conformational changes in the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase (MurA)
Eur. J. Biochem.
253
406-412
1998
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054
brenda
Krekel, F.; Oecking, C.; Amrhein, N.; Macheroux, P.
Substrate and inhibitor-induced conformational changes in the structurally related enzymes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)
Biochemistry
38
8864-8878
1999
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038), Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054 (P33038)
brenda
Samland, A.K.; Amrhein, N.; Macheroux, P.
Lysine 22 in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase from Enterobacter cloacae is crucial for enzymatic activity and the formation of covalent adducts with the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate and the antibiotic fosfomycin
Biochemistry
38
13162-13169
1999
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038), Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054 (P33038)
brenda
Krekel, F.; Samland, A.K.; Macheroux, P.; Amrhein, N.; Evans, J.N.S.
Determination of the pKa value of C115 in MurA (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase) from Enterobacter cloacae
Biochemistry
39
12671-12677
2000
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054
brenda
Samland, A.K.; Jelesarov, I.; Kuhn, R.; Amrhein, N.; Macheroux, P.
Thermodynamic characterization of ligand-induced conformational changes in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase
Biochemistry
40
9950-9956
2001
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038), Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054 (P33038)
brenda
Samland, A.K.; Etezady-Esfarjani, T.; Amrhein, N.; Macheroux, P.
Asparagine 23 and aspartate 305 are essential residues in the active site of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase from Enterobacter cloacae
Biochemistry
40
1550-1559
2001
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae DSM 30054
brenda
Thomas, A.M.; Ginj, C.; Jelesarov, I.; Amrhein, N.; Macheroux, P.
Role of K22 and R120 in the covalent binding of the antibiotic fosfomycin and the substrate-induced conformational change in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase
Eur. J. Biochem.
271
2682-2690
2004
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038)
brenda
Eschenburg, S.; Kabsch, W.; Healy, M.L.; Schonbrunn, E.
A new view of the mechanisms of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (AroA) derived from X-ray structures of their tetrahedral reaction intermediate states
J. Biol. Chem.
278
49215-49222
2003
Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Eschenburg, S.; Priestman, M.A.; Abdul-Latif, F.A.; Delachaume, C.; Fassy, F.; Schonbrunn, E.
A novel inhibitor that suspends the induced fit mechanism of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA)
J. Biol. Chem.
280
14070-14075
2005
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038)
brenda
Eschenburg, S.; Priestman, M.; Schoenbrunn, E.
Evidence that the fosfomycin target Cys115 in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) is essential for product release
J. Biol. Chem.
280
3757-3763
2005
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038), Enterobacter cloacae
brenda
Klein, C.D.; Bachelier, A.
Molecular modeling and bioinformatical analysis of the antibacterial target enzyme MurA from a drug design perspective
J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des.
20
621-628
2006
Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli
brenda
Gautam, A.; Rishi, P.; Tewari, R.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase as a potential target for antibacterial chemotherapy: recent developments
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
92
211-225
2011
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038), Escherichia coli (P0A749), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P9WJM1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (P9WJM1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
brenda
Zhu, J.Y.; Yang, Y.; Han, H.; Betzi, S.; Olesen, S.H.; Marsilio, F.; Schoenbrunn, E.
Functional consequence of covalent reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (MurA)
J. Biol. Chem.
287
12657-12667
2012
Enterobacter cloacae (P33038)
brenda
Shigetomi, K.; Olesen, S.H.; Yang, Y.; Mitsuhashi, S.; Schoenbrunn, E.; Ubukata, M.
MurA as a primary target of tulipalin B and 6-tuliposide B
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
77
2517-2519
2013
Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli
brenda