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glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
-
-
-
?
1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)-propane + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrobenzyl chloride + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenethyl bromide + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
allyl isothiocyanate + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl isothiocyanate + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
cumene hydroperoxide + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene
?
glutathione + 1,2-diiodoethane
?
best substrate
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane
?
glutathione + 1,4-diiodobutane
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,6-diiodohexane
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,8-diiodooctane
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
chloride + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutathione
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
glutathione + 1-iodohexane
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-(4-nitrophenylthio)-1H-imidazole
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 3-iodopropylbenzene
?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 4-nitrobenzyl chloride
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 4-nitrophenyl acetate
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 4-nitropyridine
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 7-amino-4-chloromethyl coumarin
?
-
isozyme GSt T2-2 shows high activity
-
-
?
glutathione + androst-5-ene-3,17-dione
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + azathioprine
6-mercaptopurine + ?
-
-
-
?
glutathione + benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + bromosulfophthalein
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + cryptophycin 52
?
-
conjugation with the R-stereoisomer
-
-
?
glutathione + cryptophycin 53
?
-
conjugation with the S-stereoisomer
-
-
?
glutathione + cumene hydroperoxide
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + ethacrynic acid
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + iodomethane
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + linoleic acid hydroperoxide
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + tert-butyl hydroperoxide
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
?
hydrogen peroxide + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
iodobutane + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
iodohexane + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
iodomethane + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
phenethyl isothiocyanate + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
propyl isothiocyanate + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
RSSR + glutathione
glutathione-SSR + R-SH
-
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
styrene oxide + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
tertiary butyl hydroperoxide + glutathione
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
glutathione + 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene
?
-
-
637893, 637894, 637903, 637905, 637908, 637914, 637915, 637918, 637921, 637928, 637934, 637936, 637938 -
-
?
glutathione + 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene
?
-
at a low rate
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane
?
-
isoenzyme E
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
chloride + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
chloride + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
chloride + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutathione
-
i.e. CDNB
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
-
best substrate
-
-
?
glutathione + trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
RX: R: aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, X: sulfate, nitrite or halide, enzyme also catalyzes: the addition of aliphatic epoxides and arene oxides to glutathione, the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite, certain isomerization reactions and disulfide interchange
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
participates in detoxification
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
biotransformation and detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
detoxification of electrophilic products of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions, toxic catabolite of heme, bilirubin is bound and thereby neutralized
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
detoxification of products of oxidative metabolism, e.g. 4-hydroxyalkenals, epoxides, organic hydroperoxides
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
may be involved in preventing lipid peroxidation
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
microsomal enzyme is likely to be involved in drug metabolism
-
-
?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
-
first step in mercapturic acid synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
any compound bearing a sufficiently electrophilic atom may be attacked, reactions with C,S,N and O atoms are possible
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: bromosulfophthalein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: 4-nitrobenzyl chloride
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the reaction of glutathione with a large number of compounds bearing an electrophilic carbon to form the corresponding thioether
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isomerization of DELTA5- to DELTA4- unsaturated 3-keto steroids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: ethacrynic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assays for differentiation of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes from rat and human by different specific acitivities with selected substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glutathione transferase X: no reaction of menaphthyl sulfate with glutathione, potent in inactivation of tert-10,11-epoxy-r-8,tert-9-dihydroxy-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenz/a/anthracene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the wild-type dimeric form is not required for catalytic activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MGST1 possesses glutathione transferase and peroxidase activity. Native MGST1 binds three GSH molecules per trimer but with different affinities for GSH, it possesses only one high affinity catalytically competent site per trimer, nanoelectrospray mass spectrometric analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, overview. A major structural determinant of substrate recognition is the H-site, which binds the electrophile in proximity to the nucleophilic sulfur of the second substrate glutathione. H-site residue 234 has a key role in governing the activity and substrate selectivity profile of GST T1-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glutathione transferases from rat liver are able to conjugate GSH to many hydrophobic toxic compounds. Small and hydrophilic disulfides like cystine, cystamine and dithioethanol, and hydrophilic alkylating compounds like iodoacetate, are no substrates of this enzyme. Omega class GST and a peculiar lens GST display a moderate thiol transferase activity with dithioethanol
-
-
?
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(+)-limonene oxide
about 85% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(-)-limonene oxide
about 15% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(R)-carvone
about 8% inhibition at 0.1 mM
1,4-pentadiene-3-one
-
curcumin derivative
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone
-
i.e. TCBQ, inhibition of GSTA1-2 and GSTA1-1 by 70-80%, and GSTA2-2 by 25%, binds to cysteine residues of the enzyme, e.g. Cys17 of GSTA1-1, via a first reversible step to covalent binding, overview, Kitz-Wilson inactivation model
2,4,6-trichloroanisole
about 5% inhibition at 0.1 mM
2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone
-
curcumin derivative
2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone
-
curcumin derivative
2-butanethiol
about 2% inhibition at 0.01 mM
Al3+
-
68% inhibition at 100 mg/kg for male rats, 24% inhibition at 172.5 mg/kg for female rats
ascorbate
-
ascorbate enhances the inhibitory effects of SH reagents, overview, inactivation of total cytosolic GST activity from liver by the oxygen radical-generating system Cu2+/ascorbate, two mechanisms: ROS-induced oxidation and non-specific Cu2+ binding to protein thiol groups
beta-ionone
about 15% inhibition at 0.1 mM
cinnamaldehyde
about 60% inhibition at 0.1 mM
citral
about 25% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Cu2+
-
inhibitory in either the absence or presence of ascorbate, inactivation of total cytosolic GST activity from liver by the oxygen radical-generating system Cu2+/ascorbate, two mechanisms: ROS-induced oxidation and non-specific Cu2+ binding to protein thiol groups, the inhibition is prevented by glutathione but not 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, Cu2+ inhibition affects the Km for glutathione but not of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, overview
cyclohexanone
about 3% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Dimethyl sulfide
about 5% inhibition at 0.1 mM
dinitrophenyl-glutathione
-
-
geraniol
about 3% inhibition at 0.1 mM
geranyl acetate
about 5% inhibition at 0.01 mM
hexanoic acid
about 5% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Indocyanine green
-
inhibition of transferase B is greater than inhibition of transferase AA
limonene oxide
about 70% inhibition at 0.1 mM
mesityl oxide
about 5% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Pb2+
-
55% inhibition at 0.1% (w/v)
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione
-
mixed-type inhibition by reaction product, complex inhibition pattern
S-(4-Bromobenzyl)glutathione
-
-
S-carvone
S-carvone inhibits 26% of the enzyme activity at 0.01 mM and 84% at 0.1 mM
superoxide anion
-
generated by a Fe3+/ascorbate system, inhibits cytosolic GSTs and microsomal GSTs by 30% and 65%, respectively. Addition of 2 mM DTT fails to completely reverse microsomal GST inhibition elicited by Fe3+/ascorbate, recovering only about 10% of this activity, but it completely reverses the inhibitory effect of Fe3+/ascorbate on cytosolic GST activity
trans-2-hexen-1-al
about 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM
trans-2-nonenal
about 23% inhibition at 0.01 mM
Triphenyltin chloride
-
-
Vanillin
less than 10% inhibition at 0.1 mM
H2O2
-
inactivation of cytosolic GST activity from liver
H2O2
-
inhibits cytosolic GST by about 65% and activates microsomal GST to about 175%
additional information
-
of seven major rat isoenzymes
-
additional information
-
construction of three series of curcumin derivatives, inhibitory potencies on GSt isozymes, overview
-
additional information
-
presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase reduces the activity of the microsomal GST isozyme, but only catalase can reduce the activity of the cytosolic GST
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by EGTA and deferoxamine
-
additional information
not inhibited by 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one
-
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0.006 - 1.3
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
0.36
iodobutane
-
pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.05
iodohexane
-
pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
1.89
iodomethane
-
pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
0.006
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
not activated
0.019
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
0.02
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant R77Q
0.03
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
activated with N-ethylmaleimide
0.045
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant R77E
0.052
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant D97R
0.077
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant E100K
0.088
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant D97K
0.11
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C
0.36
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant N101D
0.36
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant N101K
0.44
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
transferase 2.2
0.63
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
mutant enzyme Y9F
0.64
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
mutant enzyme R131M
0.64
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
mutant enzyme R131Q
0.7
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
transferase 1
0.79
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
wild-type enzyme
0.8
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
mutant enzyme R131E
0.94
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
-
1.3
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
transferase 2.1
0.0006
glutathione
-
not activated
0.001 - 0.002
glutathione
-
activated with N-ethylmaleimide
0.069
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
0.089
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant R77Q
0.096
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant R77E
0.19
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C
0.23
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant D97K
0.3
glutathione
-
transferase 1 and 2.2
0.39
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant N101D
0.56
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant D97R
0.78
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant E100R
2.3
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant E100K
5.6
glutathione
-
transferase 2.1
6.6
glutathione
-
pH 6.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant N101K
0.28
GSH
-
wild-type enzyme
0.82
GSH
-
mutant enzyme R131Q
1
GSH
-
mutant enzyme R131M
1.2
GSH
-
mutant enzyme Y9F
2.1
GSH
-
mutant enzyme R131E
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
Cu2+ effects on Km, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, single-enzyme Michaelis-Menten model
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetic analysis, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
single turnover stopped flow kinetics and equilibrium dialysis analysis of GSH biniding affinity and stoichiometry, dissociation constants, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
pseudo-first order kinetic constants, simplified Michaelis-Menten steady-state model for simulation of the overall dependence of the rate of product formationon either substrate or enzyme concentrations, with substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
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E80Q
7% residual activity compared to the wild type enzyme
H75Q
34% residual activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R113K
5% residual activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R63A
30% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R72A
42% residual activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R73Q
57% residual activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S30A
400% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
T64V
280% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
D97K
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
D97R
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
E100K
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
E100R
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
N101D
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
N101K
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
R131M
-
mutant enzyme shows 60% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate
R131Q
-
mutant enzyme shows 50% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate
R131W
-
mutant enzyme shows 24% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate
R15Q
-
mutant enzyme shows 0.02% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate
R77E
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
R77Q
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y9F
-
mutant enzyme shows 0.8% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate. 4.3fold increase in KM-value for GSH compared to wild-type value, 1.3fold decrease in KM-value for 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzene
Y9T
-
mutant enzyme shows 0.06% of wild-type activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate
additional information
-
construction of heterodimers (WT-Y9F, WT-Y9T, WT-R15Q, WT-R131M, WT-R131Q, and WT-R131E) by incubation of a mixture of wild-type and mutant enzyme at pH 7.5 in buffer containing 1,6-hexanediol, followed by dialysis against buffer lacking the organic solvent. The Vmax values of the resultant heterodimers are lower than expected for independent active sites. Mutation of an amino acid residue in one active site affects the activity in the other active site
additional information
-
chimeric enzymes constructed by homology-independent recombination of human GST T-1 and rat GST T2-2 exhibit very different substrate promiscuity profiles, and show a more defined relationship between evolved and promiscuous activities, overview
additional information
-
construction of the monomeric mutant isozyme M1, GST M1, by introducing point mutations in the electrostatic region of the subunit interface and residues Arg77, Asp97, Glu100, Asn101, the mutation leads to formation of monomers instead of dimers and partially reduced activity, at 3 M KBr GST M1 has a specific activity close to that of GST M1-1, overview
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Morgenstern, R.; DePierre, J.W.
Microsomal glutathione transferase. Purification in unactivated form and further characterization of the activation process, substrate specificity and amino acid composition
Eur. J. Biochem.
134
591-597
1983
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Morgenstern, R.; Guthenberg, C.; DePierre, J.W.
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase. Purification, initial characterization and demonstration that it is not identical to the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases A, B and C
Eur. J. Biochem.
128
243-248
1982
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Morgenstern, R.; Meijer, J.; DePierre, J.W.; Ernster, L.
Characterization of rat-liver microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity
Eur. J. Biochem.
104
167-174
1980
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
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Rattus norvegicus (P08011)
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Kurtovic, S.; Shokeer, A.; Mannervik, B.
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Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Homo sapiens (P30711), Homo sapiens
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Rattus norvegicus
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Inhibition of human glutathione S-transferases by curcumin and analogues
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Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
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Imaizumi, N.; Aniya, Y.
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Armoracia rusticana, Astacus astacus, Brassica juncea, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Lemna minor, Meleagris gallopavo, Mus musculus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oryza sativa, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Picea abies, Pleuronectes platessa, Populus sp., Pelophylax ridibundus, Rattus norvegicus, Typha latifolia, Rhabdosargus sarba, Chelon saliens, Protaetia brevitarsis, Alburnus tarichi, Salvelinus alpinus, Siganus canaliculatus, Laeonereis acuta
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Characterization of rat glutathione transferases in olfactory epithelium and mucus
PLoS ONE
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Rattus norvegicus (P08010)
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