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Information on EC 2.4.1.90 - N-acetyllactosamine synthase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession O60909
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2.4.1.90 N-acetyllactosamine synthaseIUBMB Comments
The reaction is catalysed by a component of EC 2.4.1.22 (lactose synthase), which is identical with EC 2.4.1.38 (beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase), and by an enzyme from the Golgi apparatus of animal tissues. Formerly listed also as EC 2.4.1.98.
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.90
- oligosaccharide
- glycosyltransferases
-
galactosylation
- n-glycans
- alpha-lactalbumin
- ganglioside
- glycosphingolipids
- zona
- pellucida
- glucosylceramide
-
laccer
- zp3
-
sperm-egg
-
d-pdmp
- ga2
- poly-n-acetyllactosamine
- udp-galnac
- medicine
- synthesis
- biotechnology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
galtase, galnact, b4galt5, b4galt3, gal-t, beta-1,4-galt-i, lactosylceramide synthase, beta-1,4-galt, beta1,4-galactosyltransferase i, galt1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acetyllactosamine synthetase
-
-
-
-
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
beta1,4-GT
-
-
-
-
beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
beta1-4GalT
-
-
-
-
Gal-T
-
-
-
-
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-acetylglucosamine
-
-
-
-
GalTase
-
-
-
-
lactosamine synthase
-
-
-
-
lactosamine synthetase
-
-
-
-
lactose synthetase A protein
-
-
-
-
N-acetyllactosamine synthetase
-
-
-
-
NAL synthetase
-
-
-
-
UDP-beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose N-acetylglucosamine beta-4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosaminide beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDPgalactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-D-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDPgalactose:N-acetylglucosaminyl(beta1-4)galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
sequential ordered catalytic mechanism, enzyme undergoes critical conformational changes upon substrate binding from an open, conf-I, to a closed conformation, conf-II, involving 2 flexible loops, a small and a long one, catalytic site structure, Tyr286 determines the specificity for UDP-Gal
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
The reaction is catalysed by a component of EC 2.4.1.22 (lactose synthase), which is identical with EC 2.4.1.38 (beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase), and by an enzyme from the Golgi apparatus of animal tissues. Formerly listed also as EC 2.4.1.98.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9054-94-8
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + GlcNAcbeta(1,2)Manalpha(1,6)(GlcNAcbeta(1,2)Manalpha(1,3))Manbeta(1,4)GlcNAcbeta(1,4)GlcNAc-PA
UDP + Galbeta1,4-GlcNAcbeta(1,2)Manalpha(1,6)(GlcNAcbeta(1,2)Manalpha(1,3))Manbeta(1,4)GlcNAcbeta(1,4)GlcNAc-PA
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
UDPgalactose + GlcNAcbeta-S-p-NP
UDP + Galbeta1-4 GlcNAcbeta-S-p-NP
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-3Manbeta1-O(CH2)8COOCH2-mNP
UDP + Galbeta1-4 GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-3Manbeta1-O(CH2)8COOCH2-mNP
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
synthesis of Galbeta1,4GlcNAc groups in N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins involved in many physiological functions, e.g. sperm-egg interactions, cell migration, and embryonic development, enzyme expression is highly increased during cycloheximide-induced cell apoptosis in liver carcinoma
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
enzyme is highly specific for UDP-galactose as donor substrate
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
enzyme has no lactose synthase activity in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
7% of the activity with GlcNAcbeta-S-pNP
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-neotetraose and probably lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide in addition to the formation of the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc group of glycoprotein sugar chains and lactose
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
main enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose residues from UDPgalactose into terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues of complex-type oligosaccharides in newly synthesized glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus. Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId, a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy and blood-clotting defects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta1,4-galactosyltransferase II is one of the enzymes transferring galactose to the terminal N-acetylglucosamine of complex-type N-glycans. Beta1,4GalT II might serve as a target gene of p53 transcription factor during adriamycin-induced HeLa cell apoptosis, mechanisms of its expression regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme utilizes different glycoproteins and glycolipids as substrates, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher content of an acidic isoform compared to healthy individuals, the isoform is not associated with inflammation per se but specifically with rheumatoid arthritis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
analysis of cell surface sugar chains in the cancer cell lines, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine are poor substrates, the latter due to Tyr286 which is a sterical hindrance and traps hydrolyzed GalNAc in the oxocarbenium-ion-like state, enzyme interacts with alpha-lactalbumin to form the lactose synthase enzyme complex
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tumor beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase IV overexpression is closely associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and poor prognosis, relationships between tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression and clinicopathologic characteristics, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GTs are a family of glycosyltransferases responsible for biosynthesizing N-acetyllactosamine by the transfer of a galactose from UDP-galactose to the terminal N-acetylgluosamine of acceptor sugars in glycoproteins or glycolipids with a beta-1,4-linkage
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of wild-type and mutant Y289L enzymes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 5-(indol-4-yl)-UDP-alpha-D-galactose
-
-
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
synthesis of Galbeta1,4GlcNAc groups in N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins involved in many physiological functions, e.g. sperm-egg interactions, cell migration, and embryonic development, enzyme expression is highly increased during cycloheximide-induced cell apoptosis in liver carcinoma
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-neotetraose and probably lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide in addition to the formation of the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc group of glycoprotein sugar chains and lactose
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
main enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose residues from UDPgalactose into terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues of complex-type oligosaccharides in newly synthesized glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus. Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId, a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy and blood-clotting defects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta1,4-galactosyltransferase II is one of the enzymes transferring galactose to the terminal N-acetylglucosamine of complex-type N-glycans. Beta1,4GalT II might serve as a target gene of p53 transcription factor during adriamycin-induced HeLa cell apoptosis, mechanisms of its expression regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme utilizes different glycoproteins and glycolipids as substrates, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher content of an acidic isoform compared to healthy individuals, the isoform is not associated with inflammation per se but specifically with rheumatoid arthritis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tumor beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase IV overexpression is closely associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and poor prognosis, relationships between tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression and clinicopathologic characteristics, overview
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mn2+
Mn2+
-
required, binding site structure, binding results in conformational changes in the catalytic domain
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-5-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(isoquinolin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
-
-
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid
-
-
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-6-aminohexanoic acid
-
-
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)acetic acid
-
-
5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
-
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits reaction with UDPgalactose and N-acetylglucosamine
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylgalactosamine
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.2
UDPgalactose
-
reaction with glucose, wild-type enzyme and N-deglycosylated recombinant enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
effects of cationic polypeptides
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-value for ovalbumin for the N-deglycosylated recombinant enzyme is 6 mg/ml, and 15 mg/ml for th recombinant enzyme
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, mutant enzyme, overview
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.163
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.207
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-5-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.25
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(1H-indol-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(isoquinolin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.284 - 1
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
1
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-6-aminohexanoic acid
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)acetic acid
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.284
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
Homo sapiens
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
2-((5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
activity of sialylated and desialylated enzyme, overview
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.8
7.5
-
reaction with N-acetylglucosamine and UDPgalactose, reaction with alpha1-acid glycoprotein and UDPgalactose
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
37
30
-
reaction with N-acetylglucosamine and UDPgalactose, reaction with alpha1-acid glycoprotein and UDPgalactose
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4.05 - 5.95
-
diverse isoforms from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from healthy individuals separated by isoelectric focusing, profiling, overview
additional information
-
amount of the diverse isoforms is different in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in serum from healthy individuals, overview
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
of patients with colorectal cancer 48% have down-regulated expression of beta-1,4-GT-IV in the tumor tissue, while 28% of patients exhibit elevated beta-1,4-GT-IV levels, the patient group with tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression strongly predicts for tumor metastasis, overview
-
several isoforms in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from healthy individuals
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
several isoforms in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from healthy individuals
-
-
estrogen-induced expression of B4GALT1 is localized in intracellular compartments and in the plasma membrane
-
estrogen-induced expression of B4GALT1 is localized in intracellular compartments and in the plasma membrane
additional information
-
cisternal space of the Golgi apparatus being distributed from cis to trans
additional information
-
enzyme possesses a membrane-spanning domain, a cytoplasmic domain, a stem region, and the catalytic domain that faces the lumen
-
additional information
-
subcellular distribution, Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum exchange kinetics, approximately 90:10 Golgi-to-ER distribution, two-compartment model for Golgi glycosyltransferase cycling, overview
-
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
physiological function
malfunction
-
knock-down of the B4GALT1 gene and the inhibition of membrane B4GALT1 function results in the significant inhibition of estrogen-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells
malfunction
-
short hairpin RNA-mediated enzyme knockdown inhibits the tumorigenesis of glioma stem-like cells and reduces their transdifferentiation into endothelial cells
physiological function
-
B4GALT1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells through its activity as a membrane receptor
physiological function
enzyme overexpression increases migration, invasion, and tumor growth of neuroblastoma cells, increases lactosamine glycans on beta1-integrin, increases expression of mature beta1-integrin via delayed degradation, and enhances phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase
physiological function
-
the enzyme promotes glioma cell growth. Enzyme overexpression increases glioma stem-like cell transdifferentiation into endothelial cells. The enzyme stimulates transdifferentiation of glioma stem-like cells into endothelial cells by activating Notch1 signaling
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). B4GT2_HUMAN
372
1
41972
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
glycoprotein
glycoprotein
-
the enzyme is 75% more active in its desialylated form than in the sialylated form
glycoprotein
-
the enzyme is is N-glycosylated and without mucin-type glycosylation
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme in complex with Mn2+, UDP-GalNAc, glucose, and alpha-lactalbumin, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0 A resolution
-
hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using 0.2 M potassium nitrate, 20% (w/v) PEG 3350
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Y289L/C342T
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is able to transfer GalNAc from the sugar donor UDP-GalNAc to the acceptor, GlcNAc, with efficiency as good as that of galactose from UDP-Gal, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, mutant substrate specificity with different donor substrate and oligosaccharides as acceptor substrates, mass spectrometry product analysis, overview, the C342T mutation does not alter enzyme activity, but increases the enzyme stability at room temperature
additional information
additional information
decreasing the expression of beta1,4GalT II using RNA interference inhibits p53-mediated HeLa cell apoptosis induced by adriamycin
additional information
-
the enzyme transfected 7721 hepatocarcinoma cell line is more susceptible to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis than the wild-type cells, cells show increased enzyme activity and expression of Galbeta1,4GlcNAc groups on the cell surface
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Bio-Scale mini profinity nickel cartridge chromatography and Superdex S200 gel filtration
-
nickel affinity column chromatography and Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, promoter activity analysis
expression of mutant cDNA from a patient with the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId leads to the synthesis of a truncated, inactive polypeptide, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum
-
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme gene/protein expression is specifically increased in human colorectal cancer compared to visibly normal tissue
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
biotechnology
-
enzyme can be useful in the glycosylation of cytokines, enzymes or other glycosylated compounds modifying their functions for use in medical therapies
medicine
synthesis
medicine
enzyme expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival of neuroblastoma patients
medicine
-
the enzyme serves as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for the progression of human colorectal cancer
synthesis
-
use of transformed whole yeast cells, expressing the human N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, in synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine
synthesis
-
enzyme can be useful in the glycosylation of cytokines, enzymes or other glycosylated compounds modifying their functions for use in medical therapies
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Watzele, G.; Berger, E.G.
Near identity of HeLa cell galactosyltransferase with the human placental enzyme
Nucleic Acids Res.
18
7174
1990
Homo sapiens
Amano, J.; Straehl, P.; Berger, E.G.; Kochibe, N.; Kobata, A.
Structures of mucin-type sugar chains of the galactosyltransferase purified from human milk. Occurrence of the ABO and Lewis blood group determinants
J. Biol. Chem.
266
11461-11477
1991
Homo sapiens
Mengle-Gaw, L.; McCoy-Haman, M.F.; Tiemeier, D.C.
Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
176
1269-1276
1991
Homo sapiens
Krezdorn, C.H.; Watzele, G.; Kleene, R.B.; Ivanov, S.X.; Berger, E.G.
Purification and characterization of recombinant human beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Eur. J. Biochem.
212
113-120
1993
Homo sapiens
Berger, E.G.; Kozdrowski, I.; Weiser, M.M.; van den Eijnden, D.H.; Schiphorst, W.E.C.M.
Human serum galactosyltransferase: distinction, separation and product identification of two galactosyltransferase activities
Eur. J. Biochem.
90
213-222
1978
Homo sapiens
Rao, G.J.S.; Chyatte, D.; Nadler, H.L.
Enhancement of UDPgalactose: glycoprotein galactosyltransferase in cultured human skin fibroblasts by cationic polypeptides
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
541
435-443
1978
Homo sapiens
Bella, A.; Whitehead, J.S.; Kim, Y.S.
Human plasma uridine diphosphate galactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransfertase. Purification, properties and kinetics of the enzyme-catalysed reaction
Biochem. J.
167
621-628
1977
Homo sapiens
Nelson, J.D.; Jato-Rodriguez, J.J.; Mookerjea, S.
The occurrence and properties of soluble UDP-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase in human amniotic fluid
Can. J. Biochem.
52
42-50
1974
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Kitchen, B.J.; Andrews, P.
Kinetic studies on the effect of uridine diphosphate galactose and manganous ions on the reaction between lactose synthetase A protein from human milk and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate
Biochem. J.
143
587-590
1974
Homo sapiens
Nakazawa, K.; Furukawa, K.; Narimatsu, H.; Kobata, A.
Kinetic study of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase expressed in E. coli
J. Biochem.
113
747-753
1993
Homo sapiens
Sato, T.; Furukawa, K.; Bakker, H.; Van den Eijnden, D.H.; Van Die, I.
Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase with 37% identity to mammalian UDP-Gal: GlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
95
472-477
1998
Homo sapiens (O43286), Homo sapiens
Hansske, B.; Thiel, C.; Lubke, T.; Hasilik, M.; Honing, S.; Peters, V.; Heidemann, P.H.; Hoffmann, G.F.; Berger, E.G.; Von Figura, K.; Korner, C.
Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId
J. Clin. Invest.
109
725-733
2002
Homo sapiens
Herrmann, G.F.; Elling, L.; Krezdorn, C.H.; Kleene, R.; Berger, E.G.; Wandrey, C.
Use of transformed whole yeast cells expressing beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase for the synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
5
673-676
1995
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens
-
Elling, L.; Zervosen, A.; Gallego, R.G.; Nieder, V.; Malissard, M.; Berger, E.G.; Vliegenthart, J.F.G.; Kamerling, J.P.
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as acceptor substrate of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Enzymatic synthesis of UDP-N-acetyllactosamine
Glycoconjugate J.
16
327-336
1999
Homo sapiens
Malissard, M.; Borsig, L.; Di Marco, S.; Gruetter, M.G.; Kragl, U.; Wandrey, C.; Berger, E.G.
Recombinant soluble beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification, characterization and comparison with human enzyme
Eur. J. Biochem.
239
340-348
1996
Homo sapiens
Takamatsu, S.; Inoue, N.; Katsumata, T.; Nakamura, K.; Fujibayashi, Y.; Takeuchi, M.
The relationship between the branch-forming glycosyltransferases and cell surface sugar chain structures
Biochemistry
44
6343-6349
2005
Homo sapiens
Ramakrishnan, B.; Boeggeman, E.; Ramasamy, V.; Qasba, P.K.
Structure and catalytic cycle of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol.
14
593-600
2004
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens
Alavi, A.; Axford, J.S.; Pool, A.J.
Serum galactosyltransferase isoform changes in rheumatoid arthritis
J. Rheumatol.
31
1513-1520
2004
Homo sapiens
Zhang, S.; Cai, M.; Zhang, S.W.; Hu, Y.; Gu, J.X.
Involvement of beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase I and Gal beta1-4GlcNAc groups in human hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
243
81-86
2003
Homo sapiens
Boeggeman, E.; Ramakrishnan, B.; Kilgore, C.; Khidekel, N.; Hsieh-Wilson, L.C.; Simpson, J.T.; Qasba, P.K.
Direct identification of nonreducing GlcNAc residues on N-glycans of glycoproteins using a novel chemoenzymatic method
Bioconjug. Chem.
18
806-814
2007
Homo sapiens
Chen, W.S.; Chang, H.Y.; Li, C.P.; Liu, J.M.; Huang, T.S.
Tumor beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase IV overexpression is closely associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and poor prognosis
Clin. Cancer Res.
11
8615-8622
2005
Homo sapiens
Rhee, S.W.; Starr, T.; Forsten-Williams, K.; Storrie, B.
The steady-state distribution of glycosyltransferases between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum is approximately 90:10
Traffic
6
978-990
2005
Homo sapiens
Zhou, J.; Wei, Y.; Liu, D.; Ge, X.; Zhou, F.; Yun, X.; Jiang, J.; Gu, J.
Identification of beta 1,4GalT II as a target gene of p53-mediated HeLa cell apoptosis
J. Biochem.
143
547-554
2008
Homo sapiens (O60909)
Choi, H.J.; Chung, T.W.; Kim, C.H.; Jeong, H.S.; Joo, M.; Youn, B.; Ha, K.T.
Estrogen induced beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 expression regulates proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
426
620-625
2012
Homo sapiens
Chang, H.H.; Chen, C.H.; Chou, C.H.; Liao, Y.F.; Huang, M.J.; Chen, Y.H.; Wang, W.J.; Huang, J.; Hung, J.S.; Ho, W.L.; Jeng, Y.M.; Che, M.I.; Lee, H.; Lu, M.Y.; Yang, Y.L.; Jou, S.T.; Lin, D.T.; Lin, K.H.; Hsu, W.M.; Huang, M.C.
beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase III enhances invasive phenotypes via beta1-integrin and predicts poor prognosis in neuroblastoma
Clin. Cancer Res.
19
1705-1716
2013
Homo sapiens (P15291), Homo sapiens
Chatterjee, S.B.; Hou, J.; Bandaru, V.V.R.; Pezhouh, M.K.; Syed Rifat Mannan, A.A.; Sharma, R.
Lactosylceramide synthase beta-1,4-GalT-V A novel target for the diagnosis and therapy of human colorectal cancer
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
508
380-386
2019
Homo sapiens
Jiang, J.; Kanabar, V.; Padilla, B.; Man, F.; Pitchford, S.C.; Page, C.P.; Wagner, G.K.
Uncharged nucleoside inhibitors of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase with activity in cells
Chem. Commun. (Camb.)
52
3955-3958
2016
Homo sapiens
Cui, C.; Chen, X.; Liu, Y.; Cao, B.; Xing, Y.; Liu, C.; Yang, F.; Li, Y.; Yang, T.; Hua, L.; Tian, M.; Wei, Y.; Gong, Y.; Jiang, J.
beta1,4-Galactosyltransferase V activates Notch1 signaling in glioma stem-like cells and promotes their transdifferentiation into endothelial cells
J. Biol. Chem.
293
2219-2230
2018
Homo sapiens
Morokuma, D.; Xu, J.; Hino, M.; Mon, H.; Merzaban, J.S.; Takahashi, M.; Kusakabe, T.; Lee, J.M.
Expression and Characterization of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (beta4GalT1) using silkworm-baculovirus expression system
Mol. Biotechnol.
59
151-158
2017
Homo sapiens
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