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Information on EC 2.4.1.62 - ganglioside galactosyltransferase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession O43825

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.4 Glycosyltransferases
             2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
                2.4.1.62 ganglioside galactosyltransferase
IUBMB Comments
The substrate is also known as gangloside GM2, the product as gangloside GM1a
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: O43825
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Synonyms
udp-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase, b3galt4, galt-3, gal-t2, beta3gal-t, ganglioside galactosyltransferase, beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, gm1-synthase, udp-galactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
beta3Gal-T
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UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase
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ceramide galactosyltransferase UGT8
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galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide
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GM1-synthase
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UDP galactose-LAC Tet-ceramide alpha-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl) galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphate D-galactose:glycolipid galactosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphogalactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
The substrate is also known as gangloside GM2, the product as gangloside GM1a
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
37217-28-0
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
show the reaction diagram
donor and acceptor specificity, overview
-
?
UDP-galactose + ganglioside GA2
UDP + ganglioside GA1
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
show the reaction diagram
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-Gal-glycosylphosphatidylinositol
UDP + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the oligodendrocyte- and myelin-specific cerebrosides
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?
additional information
?
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GM1 ganglioside synthase B3GALT4 additionally functions in transferring galactose to the N-acetylgalactosamine side-chain of GPI. B3GALT4 requires lactosylceramide for the efficient GPI side-chain galactosylation
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDPgalactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the oligodendrocyte- and myelin-specific cerebrosides
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?
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
lactosylceramide
presence of lactosylceramide is required for B3GALT4 to transfer galalctose to glycosylphosphatidylinositol
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
isoform beta3Gal-T2
SwissProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
glycosylphosphatidylinositol bearing non-galactosylated GalNAc side-chain increases from 70% to 81% after KO of B3GALT4, however, 18% of the GPI still have one hexose and a GalNAc side-chain
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
B3GT2_HUMAN
422
1
49213
Swiss-Prot
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
glycoprotein
glycosylation sites, overview
glycoprotein
glycosylation sites, overview
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
D175A
overexpression of the mutant and -D291A does not rescue galactosylation deficiency of a knockout strain
D176A
overexpression of the mutant and -D291A does not rescue galactosylation deficiency of a knockout strain
D177A
overexpression of the mutant and -D291A does not rescue galactosylation deficiency of a knockout strain
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning and DNA sequencing, amino acid sequence determination, expression in Sf9 insect cells via baculovirus transfection
amino acid sequence determination, expression in Sf9 insect cells via baculovirus transfection
cloning and DNA sequencing, amino acid sequence determination, expression in Sf9 insect cells via baculovirus transfection
cloning from human cDNA library, promotor identification via primer extension analysis, deletion and cloning of several 5'-end constructs, transient expression in human cell lines derived from oligodendroglioma and neuroblastoma LAN-5, promotor activity is cell type-specific, identification of regulatory elements
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
molecular marker of breast cancer malignancy and lung metastases, significant index of tumour aggressiveness and a potential marker for the prognostic evaluation of lung metastases in breast cancer
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Tencomnao, T.; Yu, R.K.; Kapitonov, D.
Characterization of the human UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase gene promoter
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1517
416-423
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Amado, M.; Almeida, R.; Carneiro, F.; Levery, S.B.; Holmes, E.H.; Nomoto, M.; Hollingsworth, M.A.; Hassan, H.; Schwientek, T.; Nielsen, P.A.; Bennett, E.P.; Clausen, H.
A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases. Characterization of four members of a UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine/beta-acetyl-galactosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase family
J. Biol. Chem.
273
12770-12778
1998
Homo sapiens (O43825), Homo sapiens (O75752), Homo sapiens (O96024), Drosophila melanogaster (Q24157)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Dziegiel, P.; Owczarek, T.; Plazuk, E.; Gomulkiewicz, A.; Majchrzak, M.; Podhorska-Okolow, M.; Driouch, K.; Lidereau, R.; Ugorski, M.
Ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) is a molecular marker of breast cancer malignancy and lung metastases
Br. J. Cancer
103
524-531
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wang, Y.; Maeda, Y.; Liu, Y.S.; Takada, Y.; Ninomiya, A.; Hirata, T.; Fujita, M.; Murakami, Y.; Kinoshita, T.
Cross-talks of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis with glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and ER-associated degradation
Nat. Commun.
11
860
2020
Homo sapiens (O96024)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team