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Information on EC 2.4.1.25 - 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and Organism(s) Solanum tuberosum and UniProt Accession Q06801
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2.4.1.25 4-alpha-glucanotransferaseIUBMB Comments
This entry covers the former separate entry for EC 2.4.1.3 (amylomaltase). The plant enzyme has been termed D-enzyme. An enzymic activity of this nature forms part of the mammalian and yeast glycogen debranching system (see EC 3.2.1.33 amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase).
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.25
- starch
- maltose
- maltodextrins
- amylose
-
transglycosylation
- glucans
- amylopectin
- cycloamylose
-
disproportionation
- malto-oligosaccharides
- maltotetraose
- maltohexaose
- alpha-glucans
- maltopentaose
- synthesis
- alpha-amylases
- amylo-1,6-glucosidase
-
maltogenic
-
malpq
-
large-ring
- alpha-1,4-glucans
- biotechnology
- nutrition
- medicine
- analysis
- food industry
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Solanum tuberosum
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
amylomaltase, d-enzyme, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase, disproportionating enzyme, amase, maltosyltransferase, alphagt, mq-01, alphagtase, alpha-1,4-glucanotransferase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
amylomaltase
-
-
-
-
D-enzyme
debranching enzyme maltodextrin glycosyltransferase
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-
-
-
dextrin glycosyltransferase
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-
-
-
dextrin glycosyltransferase,
-
-
-
-
dextrin transglycosylase
-
-
-
-
disproportionating enzyme
D-enzyme
-
-
-
-
disproportionating enzyme
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase
This entry covers the former separate entry for EC 2.4.1.3 (amylomaltase). The plant enzyme has been termed D-enzyme. An enzymic activity of this nature forms part of the mammalian and yeast glycogen debranching system (see EC 3.2.1.33 amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase).
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9032-09-1
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1,4-alpha-D-glucan + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan
maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
amylopectin + D-glucose
small oligosaccharides
-
without maltose
?
amylose + D-glucose
low molecular mass oligosaccharides
-
-
?
maltopentaose + maltotriose
D-glucose + maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
maltotetraose + maltotriose
D-glucose + maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
(alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m + (alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m
cyclic(alpha-1,4-glucan)x + (alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m-x
-
-
-
r
(alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m + (alpha-1,4-D-glucan)n
(alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m-x + (alpha-1,4-D-glucan)n+x
-
-
-
r
(alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m + H2O
(alpha-1,4-D-glucan)x + (alpha-1,4-D-glucan)m-x
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + maltotriose
D-glucose + maltooligosaccharides
-
-
-
?
1,4-alpha-D-glucan + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan
maltooligosaccharides
-
-
-
?
1,4-alpha-D-glucan + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan
maltooligosaccharides
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
maltose is not a donor substrate, only weak acceptor activity
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose is the major product of the D-enzyme reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
glucose is the major product of the D-enzyme reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and isomaltose have no activity as acceptors
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). DPEP_SOLTU
576
0
64951
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
64950
estimated from amino acid sequence, deduced from nucleotide sequence
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystal diffracts to 2.0 A resolution and belongs to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 69.7, b = 120.3, c = 174.2 A
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Schmidt, J.; John, M.
Starch metabolism in Pseudomonas stutzeri. II. Purification and properties of a dextrin glycosyl-transferase (D-enzyme) and amylomaltase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
566
100-114
1979
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Solanum tuberosum, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri NRRL B3389, Escherichia coli ML 30
Kakefuda, G.; Duke, S.H.
Characterization of pea chloroplast D-enzyme (4-alpha-D-glucanotransferase)
Plant Physiol.
91
136-143
1989
Arabidopsis thaliana, Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus macerans, Bos taurus, Daucus carota, Escherichia coli, Solanum lycopersicum, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Pisum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays
Kitahata, S.; Murakami, H.; Sone, Y.; Misaki, A.
The acceptor specificity of amylomaltase from Escherichia coli IFO 3806
Agric. Biol. Chem.
53
2661-2666
1989
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Solanum tuberosum, Pseudomonas stutzeri NRRL B3389, Escherichia coli ML 308, Escherichia coli ML 30
-
Takaha, T.; Yanase, M.; Okada, S.; Smith, S.M.
Disproportionating enzyme (4-alpha-glucanotransferase; EC 2.4.1.25) of potato. Purification, molecular cloning, and potential role in starch metabolism
J. Biol. Chem.
268
1391-1396
1993
Solanum tuberosum (Q06801), Solanum tuberosum
Goda, S.K.; Eissa, O.; Akhtar, M.; Minton, N.P.
Molecular analysis of a Clostridium butyricum NCIMB 7423 gene encoding 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli
Microbiology
143
3287-3294
1997
Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Solanum tuberosum, Thermotoga maritima, Clostridium butyricum NCIMB 7423
-
Jeon, B.S.; Taguchi, H.; Sakai, H.; Ohshima, T.; Wakagi, T.; Matsuzawa, H.
4-alpha-glucanotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis. Enzyme purification and characterization, and gene cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli
Eur. J. Biochem.
248
171-178
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana, Dictyoglomus thermophilum, Pyrococcus furiosus, Solanum tuberosum, Streptococcus mitis, Thermococcus litoralis
Colleoni, C.; Dauvillee, D.; Mouille, G.; Morell, M.; Samuel, M.; Slomiany, M.C.; Lienard, L.; Wattebled, F.; d'Hulst, C.; Ball, S.
Biochemical characterization of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alpha-1,4 glucanotransferase supports a direct function in amylopectin biosynthesis
Plant Physiol.
120
1005-1014
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Escherichia coli, Solanum tuberosum
Terada, Y.; Fujii, K.; Takaha, T.; Okada, S.
Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase gene cloning and expression and enzyme characterization: production of cycloamylose
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
65
910-915
1999
Aquifex aeolicus, Borreliella burgdorferi, Chlamydia psittaci, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium butyricum NCIMB 7423, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Hordeum vulgare, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Solanum tuberosum, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Synechocystis sp., Thermococcus litoralis, Thermus aquaticus, Thermus aquaticus (B7A9X4)
Przylas, I.; Tomoo, K.; Terada, Y.; Takaha, T.; Fujii, K.; Saenger, W.; Strater, N.
Crystal structure of amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus, a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the production of large cyclic glucans
J. Mol. Biol.
296
873-886
2000
Aquifex aeolicus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Clostridium butyricum, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Solanum tuberosum, Thermus aquaticus
Van der Maarel, M.J.E.C.; Euverink, G.J.W.; Binnema, D.J.; Bos, H.T.P.; Bergsma, J.
Amylomaltase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus: Enzyme characteristics and application in the starch industry
Meded. -Fac. Landbouwkd. Toegepaste Biol. Wet.
65
231-234
2000
Thermus thermophilus, Solanum tuberosum
-
Imamura, H.; Fushinobu, S.; Yamamoto, M.; Kumasaka, T.; Jeon, B.S.; Wakagi, T.; Matsuzawa, H.
Crystal structures of 4-alpha-glucanotransferase from Thermococcus litoralis and its complex with an inhibitor
J. Biol. Chem.
278
19378-19386
2003
Dictyoglomus thermophilum, Pyrococcus furiosus, Thermococcus kodakarensis, Solanum tuberosum, Thermococcus litoralis, Thermococcus litoralis (O32462), Thermus aquaticus, Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 (O32462)
Wattebled, F.; Ral, J.P.; Dauvillee, D.; Myers, A.M.; James, M.G.; Schlichting, R.; Giersch, C.; Ball, S.G.; D'Hulst, C.
STA11, a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii locus required for normal starch granule biogenesis, encodes disproportionating enzyme. Further evidence for a function of alpha-1,4 glucanotransferases during starch granule biosynthesis in green algae
Plant Physiol.
132
137-145
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana, Borreliella burgdorferi (O51188), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Q9FDV9), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137C, Clostridium butyricum (Q59266), Escherichia coli, Oryza sativa, Pisum sativum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum (Q06801), Streptococcus pneumoniae (P0A4N1), Synechocystis sp., Zea mays
Imamura, K.; Matsuura, T.; Ye, Z.; Takaha, T.; Fujii, K.; Kusunoki, M.; Nitta, Y.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of disproportionating enzyme from potato
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
61
109-111
2005
Solanum tuberosum
Kaper, T.; van der Maarel, M.J.; Euverink, G.J.; Dijkhuizen, L.
Exploring and exploiting starch-modifying amylomaltases from thermophiles
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
32
279-282
2004
Escherichia coli, Thermococcus litoralis, Thermococcus litoralis (O32462), Thermus aquaticus, Thermus aquaticus (B7A9X4), Aquifex aeolicus (O66937), Solanum tuberosum (Q06801), Thermotoga maritima (Q60035), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Q9FDV9), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LV91), Escherichia coli ML
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