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Information on EC 2.4.1.212 - hyaluronan synthase and Organism(s) Rattus norvegicus and UniProt Accession O35776

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.4 Glycosyltransferases
             2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
                2.4.1.212 hyaluronan synthase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme from Streptococcus Group A and Group C requires Mg2+. The enzyme adds GlcNAc to nascent hyaluronan when the non-reducing end is GlcA, but it adds GlcA when the non-reducing end is GlcNAc . The enzyme is highly specific for UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcA; no copolymerization is observed if either is replaced by UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc or UDP-GalA. Similar enzymes have been found in a variety of organisms.
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Rattus norvegicus
UNIPROT: O35776
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Rattus norvegicus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
hyaluronan synthase, ha synthase, hyaluronan synthase 2, has-2, hyaluronic acid synthase, sehas, has-1, pmhas, hyaluronan synthase-2, hyaluronate synthase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
CHAS2
-
-
-
-
CHAS3
-
-
-
-
DG42 protein
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-
-
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HA synthase
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-
-
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HuHAS1
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-
-
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hyaluronan synthase
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hyaluronan synthethase
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-
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hyaluronate synthase
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-
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hyaluronate synthetase
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-
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hyaluronic acid synthase
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-
-
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hyaluronic acid synthetase
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-
-
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XHAS1
-
-
-
-
XHAS2
-
-
-
-
XHAS3
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
Alternating UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan] 4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase and UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan] 3-beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase
The enzyme from Streptococcus Group A and Group C requires Mg2+. The enzyme adds GlcNAc to nascent hyaluronan when the non-reducing end is GlcA, but it adds GlcA when the non-reducing end is GlcNAc [3]. The enzyme is highly specific for UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcA; no copolymerization is observed if either is replaced by UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc or UDP-GalA. Similar enzymes have been found in a variety of organisms.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
39346-43-5
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-glucuronate
[beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1-4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1-3)]n + UDP
show the reaction diagram
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-glucuronate
[beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1-4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1-3)]n + UDP
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-glucuronate
[beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1-4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1-3)]n + UDP
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-glucuronate
[beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1-4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1-3)]n + UDP
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
fibroblast, expression of isozymes HAS1 and HAS2 is increased after oncogenic malignant transformation with v-sre and/or v-fos, while only the expression of isozyme HAS2 is increased by transformation with v-HA-ras
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
tumorigenic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strong expression of HAS2 mRNA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
metastatic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
fibroblast, oncogenic malignant transformation with v-sre and/or v-fos, and v-HA-ras
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
tumorigenic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
weak expression of HAS1 and HAS3 mRNA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
metastatic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
HYAS2_RAT
552
6
63534
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
HAS2 DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, oncogenic malignant transformation of 3Y1 fibroblasts with v-sre and/or v-fos, or v-HA-ras
HAS1 DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, oncogenic malignant transformation of 3Y1 fibroblasts with v-sre and/or v-fos, or v-HA-ras
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
reduced HAS 2 gene expression and increased excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity during dehydration contribute to the reduced amount of hyaluronan and to antidiuretic response
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
HAS 2 appears to be a major contributor to the baseline levels of hyaluronan. Reduced HAS 2 gene expression and increased excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity during dehydration contribute to the reduced amount of hyaluronan and to antidiuretic response. In hydrated animals, the diuretic response is followed by a 58% elevation in papillary hyaluronan and a 45% reduction in the excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. No difference is determined in HAS 1–3 mRNA or HYAL 1, 3–4 mRNA expression. In dehydrated animals, antidiuresis is followed by a 22% reduction in papillary hyaluronan and a 62% elevation in excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. Plasma vasopressin is 2.8-fold higher in dehydrated versus hydrated rats
medicine
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Itano, N.; Sawai, T.; Atsumi, F.; Miyaishi, O.; Taniguchi, S.; Kannagi, R.; Hamaguchi, M.; Kimata, K.
Selective expression and functional characteristics of three mammalian hyaluronan synthases in oncogenic malignant transformation
J. Biol. Chem.
279
18679-18687
2004
Rattus norvegicus (O35776), Rattus norvegicus (Q8CH92), Rattus norvegicus (Q8CH93)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Allison, D.D.; Vasco, N.; Braun, K.R.; Wight, T.N.; Grande-Allen, K.J.
The effect of endogenous overexpression of hyaluronan synthases on material, morphological, and biochemical properties of uncrosslinked collagen biomaterials
Biomaterials
28
5509-5517
2007
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Allison, D.D.; Wight, T.N.; Ripp, N.J.; Braun, K.R.; Grande-Allen, K.J.
Endogenous overexpression of hyaluronan synthases within dynamically cultured collagen gels: Implications for vascular and valvular disease
Biomaterials
29
2969-2976
2008
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Carulli, D.; Rhodes, K.E.; Fawcett, J.W.
Upregulation of aggrecan, link protein 1, and hyaluronan synthases during formation of perineuronal nets in the rat cerebellum
J. Comp. Neurol.
501
83-94
2007
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ruegheimer, L.; Olerud, J.; Johnsson, C.; Takahashi, T.; Shimizu, K.; Hansell, P.
Hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases in the kidney during changes in hydration status
Matrix Biol.
28
390-395
2009
Rattus norvegicus, Rattus norvegicus (O35776)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team