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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments Although UDP is generally considered to be the preferred nucleoside diphosphate for sucrose synthase, numerous studies have shown that ADP serves as an effective acceptor molecule to produce ADP-glucose [3-9]. Sucrose synthase has a dual role in producing both UDP-glucose (necessary for cell wall and glycoprotein biosynthesis) and ADP-glucose (necessary for starch biosynthesis) .
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Oryza sativa The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
sucrose synthase, sucrose synthetase, susy1, mtsucs1, rsus3, sucrose synthase 1, psnsusy2, susy2, sucrose synthase 2, sucrose synthase 3,
more
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glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose
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sucrose synthetase
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sucrose-UDP glucosyltransferase
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sucrose-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase
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UDP-glucose-fructose glucosyltransferase
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UDP-glucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase
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Sus
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SuSy
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hexosyl group transfer
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NDP-glucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
Although UDP is generally considered to be the preferred nucleoside diphosphate for sucrose synthase, numerous studies have shown that ADP serves as an effective acceptor molecule to produce ADP-glucose [3-9]. Sucrose synthase has a dual role in producing both UDP-glucose (necessary for cell wall and glycoprotein biosynthesis) and ADP-glucose (necessary for starch biosynthesis) [10].
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UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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-
-
?
ADP + sucrose
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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-
-
r
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
ADP + sucrose
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-
-
-
r
ADP-glucose + D-fructose
ADP + sucrose
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-
-
-
r
CDP + sucrose
CDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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-
-
r
CDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
CDP + sucrose
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-
-
-
r
CDP-glucose + D-fructose
CDP + sucrose
dTDP + sucrose
dTDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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-
-
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r
dTDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
dTDP + sucrose
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-
-
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r
dUDP + sucrose
dUDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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r
dUDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
dUDP + sucrose
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-
-
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r
GDP + sucrose
GDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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-
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r
GDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
GDP + sucrose
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-
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r
GDP-glucose + D-fructose
GDP + sucrose
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-
-
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r
IDP-glucose + D-fructose
IDP + sucrose
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-
-
-
?
NDP + sucrose
NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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the reaction is catalyzed at low pH values
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r
NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
NDP + sucrose
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the reaction is catalyzed at high pH values
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r
TDP-glucose + D-fructose
TDP + sucrose
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r
UDP + sucrose
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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r
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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r
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
CDP-glucose + D-fructose
CDP + sucrose
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-
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?
CDP-glucose + D-fructose
CDP + sucrose
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r
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
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-
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?
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
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also substrate: ADP
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?
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
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also substrate: ADP
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?
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
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also substrate: ADP
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?
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
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substrate: TDP
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?
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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?
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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?
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
preferred substrates in both reaction directions
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r
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
the binding of beta-fructopyranose involves residues from both the GT-BN and the GT-BC domains, including those in the E-X7-E motif
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r
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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r
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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r
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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r
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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r
UDPglucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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main substrate is UDPglucose
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r
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UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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?
NDP + sucrose
NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
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the reaction is catalyzed at low pH values
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r
NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose
NDP + sucrose
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the reaction is catalyzed at high pH values
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r
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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?
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
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?
UDP-glucose + D-fructose
UDP + sucrose
preferred substrates in both reaction directions
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r
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Mg2+
required in sucrose synthesis reaction
Mg2+
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10 mM used in assay conditions
Mg2+
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14 mM used in assay conditions
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ADP
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high concentrations
Cu2+
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no activity at 1 mM
Fe2+
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no activity at 1 mM
fructose
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high concentration, sucrose synthesis
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abscisic acid
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as well as treatments like spikelet thinning, leaf cutting increase enzyme expression and enzyme activity during rice grain filling
Ca2+
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only for sucrose synthesis
Mg2+
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only for sucrose synthesis
spermine
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0.07 mM spermine treatment significantly increases the enzyme activity at 15 and 35 days after post anthesis
sucrose
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exogenous, as well as treatments like spikelet thinning, leaf cutting increase enzyme expression and enzyme activity during rice grain filling
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3.8
ADP-alpha-D-glucose
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.7 - 5.3
UDP-alpha-D-glucose
2.9
D-fructose
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with UDP-alpha-D-glucose as cosubstrate, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
6.9
D-fructose
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with UDP-alpha-D-glucose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
40
D-fructose
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with ADP-alpha-D-glucose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
2.08 - 3.1
fructose
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40
fructose
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cosubstrate ADPglucose
30
sucrose
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with UDP as cosubstrate, at pH 6.0 and 37°C
52 - 290
sucrose
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cosubstrate UDP
105
sucrose
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with ADP as cosubstrate, at pH 6.0 and 37°C
108
sucrose
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with UDP as cosubstrate, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.11
UDP
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at pH 6.0 and 37°C
0.41
UDP
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at pH 6.5 and 30°C
2.7
UDP-alpha-D-glucose
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at pH 7.5 and 37°C
5.3
UDP-alpha-D-glucose
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
1.92 - 2.7
UDPglucose
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22.2
ADP-alpha-D-glucose
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
0.18
sucrose
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with UDP as cosubstrate, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.18
UDP
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at pH 6.5 and 30°C
10.5
UDP-alpha-D-glucose
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
11.8
D-fructose
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with UDP-alpha-D-glucose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
25.7
D-fructose
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with ADP-alpha-D-glucose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
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0.33
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SUS activity in rice grain untreated during grain filling
0.45
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SUS activity in rice grain treated with abscisic acid during grain filling
0.53
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SUS activity in rice grain treated with sducrose and abscisic acid during grain filling
0.66
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SUS activity in rice grain treated with sucrose during grain filling
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6.5 - 7
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in 0.2 M HEPES-NaOH, varies with buffer
7 - 9.5
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broad, sucrose synthesis
additional information
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pI: 6.16
7.5
assay at
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5.5 - 9
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about 80% of maximal activity at pH 5.5 and about half-maximal activity at pH 9.0, sucrose cleavage
5.6 - 10
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about half-maximal activity at pH 5.6 and about 90% of maximal activity at pH 10.0, sucrose synthesis
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50 - 60
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in 0.2 M Hepes-NaOH, varies with buffer
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gene SUS4; var. japonica, cv. Nipponbare, gene SUS4
UniProt
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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isoform SUS3
brenda
-
brenda
SUS1
brenda
-
brenda
developing
brenda
developing, SUS1
brenda
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-
brenda
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high expression
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
high expression
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
high expression
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
high expression
brenda
SUS1
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
high expression
brenda
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ripening
brenda
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-
brenda
-
high expression
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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high expression
brenda
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-
brenda
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isoform SUS3
brenda
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brenda
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high expression
brenda
additional information
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tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS4 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
-
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis
brenda
additional information
-
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS2 is widely expressed in tissues
brenda
additional information
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tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS3 is predominantly expressed in the caryopsis
brenda
additional information
-
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS5 is widely expreesed in tissues at low level and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
-
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
additional information
tissue-specific expression analysis, SUS6 is widely expressed in tissues at low levels and is suppressed in germinating shoots under submergence
brenda
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-
brenda
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evolution
the enzyme belongs to family 4 of the glycosyltransferases (GT4) and contains an E-X7-E motif that is conserved in members of GT4 and two other GT families, sequence comparisons, overview
metabolism
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sucrose synthase is a key enzyme regulating the process of rice grain filling meaning conversion of sucrose into starch
metabolism
key enzyme in sucrose metabolism in higher plants
physiological function
the enzyme activity is finely tuned through regulation of their gene expression at different levels and modulation of enzymatic activities by metabolites
physiological function
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enzyme overexpression can significantly improve hull size and grain weight by dynamically regulating cell division and starch accumulation in transgenic rice
additional information
enzyme homology modeling and substrate docking using the crystal structure of Nitrosomonas europaea NeSuS1, PDB ID 4RBN, and the crystal structure of Arabidopsis AtSuS1, PDB ID 3S28, overview
additional information
-
enzyme homology modeling and substrate docking using the crystal structure of Nitrosomonas europaea NeSuS1, PDB ID 4RBN, and the crystal structure of Arabidopsis AtSuS1, PDB ID 3S28, overview
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100000
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4 * 100000, SDS-PAGE
336000 - 375000
recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes, gel filtration
92000
-
4 * 92000, SDS-PAGE
440000
-
-
440000
-
gel filtration, all 4 isozymes
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tetramer
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tetramer
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4 * 100000, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
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4 * 92000, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
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4 x 94000, SDS-PAGE, all 4 isozymes
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E678D
site-directed mutagenesis, almost inactive mutant
E678Q
site-directed mutagenesis, almost inactive mutant, the mutant shows impaired D-fructose binding
E686D
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme retains 34.9% of sucrose cleavage and 37.9% of sucrose synthesis activity, respectively
E686Q
site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, the mutant shows impaired D-fructose binding
F680S
site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, the mutant shows impaired D-fructose binding
F680Y
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme retains 61.0% of sucrose cleavage and all of sucrose synthesis activity, respectively
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-20°C, 20% loss of activity within 2 weeks, t1/2: 1 month
-
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3 isozymes, heterotetramers of ss1, SS2 subunits
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no isozymes detected by isoelectric focusing
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recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes from Pichia pastris by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
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gene SUS4, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
expressed in Oryza sativa cultivar Zhonghua11
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gene SUS1, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
gene SUS2, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
gene SUS3, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
gene SUS5, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
gene SUS6, expression analysis in various rice tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
sus3, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Pichia pastoris
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abscisic acid, exogenous sucrose, as well as treatments like spikelet thinning, leaf cutting increase enzyme expression and enzyme activity during rice grain filling, determination of protein, overview
-
isoform SUS3 is highly expressed during grain filling
-
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Elling, L.; Kula, M.R.
Purification of sucrose synthase from rice and its protein-chemical characterization
J. Biotechnol.
29
277-286
1993
Oryza sativa
-
brenda
Nomura, T.; Akazawa, T.
Enzymic mechanism of starch stynthesis in ripening rice grains. VII. Purification and enzymic properties of sucrose synthetase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
156
644-652
1973
Oryza sativa
brenda
Murata, T.
Sucrose synthetase of rice grains and potato tubers
Agric. Biol. Chem.
36
1815-1818
1972
Oryza sativa, Solanum tuberosum
-
brenda
Elling, L.; Kula, M.R.
Characterization of sucrose synthase from rice grains for the enzymic synthesis of UDP and TDP glucose
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
17
929-934
1995
Oryza sativa
-
brenda
Huang, D.Y.; Wang, A.Y.
Purification and characterization of sucrose synthase isozymes from etiolated rice seedlings
Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.
46
107-113
1998
Oryza sativa
brenda
Yen, S.F.; Su, J.C.; Sung, H.Y.
Purification and characterization of rice sucrose synthase isozymes
Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.
34
613-620
1994
Oryza sativa
brenda
Abid, G.; Silue, S.; Muhovski, Y.; Jacquemin, J.M.; Toussaint, A.; Baudoin, J.P.
Role of myo-inositol phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase genes in plant seed development
Gene
439
1-10
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (F4K5W8), Arabidopsis thaliana (P49040), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q00917), Citrus unshiu (Q9SLY2), Citrus x paradisi, Coffea arabica (Q0E7D4), Daucus carota (O49845), Eucalyptus grandis (Q00P15), Eucalyptus grandis (Q00P16), Glycine max (P13708), Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum (Q9XGB7), Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa (P31924), Pisum sativum (O24301), Pisum sativum (O81610), Pisum sativum (Q9AVR8), Pisum sativum (Q9T0M9), Solanum lycopersicum (P49037), Solanum tuberosum (Q84T18), Vicia faba (P31926), Zea mays
brenda
Tang, T.; Xie, H.; Wang, Y.; Lue, B.; Liang, J.
The effect of sucrose and abscisic acid interaction on sucrose synthase and its relationship to grain filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
J. Exp. Bot.
60
2641-2652
2009
Oryza sativa
brenda
Hirose, T.; Scofield, G.; Terao, T.
An expression analysis profile for the entire sucrose synthase gene family in rice
Plant Sci.
174
534-543
2008
Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa (H6TFZ4), Oryza sativa (P30298), Oryza sativa (P31924), Oryza sativa (Q10LP5), Oryza sativa (Q43009), Oryza sativa (Q6K973)
brenda
Huang, Y.C.; Hsiang, E.C.; Yang, C.C.; Wang, A.Y.
New insight into the catalytic properties of rice sucrose synthase
Plant Mol. Biol.
90
127-135
2016
Oryza sativa (Q43009), Oryza sativa
brenda
Schmoelzer, K.; Gutmann, A.; Diricks, M.; Desmet, T.; Nidetzky, B.
Sucrose synthase A unique glycosyltransferase for biocatalytic glycosylation process development
Biotechnol. Adv.
34
88-111
2016
Anabaena sp., Arabidopsis thaliana, Beta vulgaris, Vicia faba, Helianthus tuberosus, Hordeum vulgare, Ipomoea batatas, Manihot esculenta, Nitrosomonas europaea, Oryza sativa, Vigna radiata, Pisum sativum, Prunus persica, Pyrus pyrifolia, Saccharum sp., Solanum tuberosum, Zea mays, Thermosynechococcus vestitus, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Solanum chmielewskii, Glycine max (P13708)
brenda
Fan, C.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Y.; Feng, S.; Luo, K.; Peng, L.
Sucrose synthase enhances hull size and grain weight by regulating cell division and starch accumulation in transgenic rice
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
20
4971
2019
Oryza sativa
brenda
Berahim, Z.; Dorairaj, D.; Saud, H.; Ismail, M.
Regulation of sucrose synthase and its association with grain filling in spermine-treated rice plant under water deficit
J. Plant Interact.
14
464-473
2019
Oryza sativa
-
brenda