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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
UDP-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
reaction is probably reversible
identical with galactinol
r
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
galactinol synthesis, which is the galactosyl donor for the synthesis of raffinose and stachyose, at least 2 isoforms: GolS-1 is mainly involved in the synthesis of storage raffinose family oligosaccharides and GolS-2 in the synthesis of transport raffinose family oligosaccharides, GolS-2 expression is much lower than that of GolS-1, galactinol may be catabolized by the reverse reaction
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
responsible for galactinol synthesis, involved in raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis, cf. EC 2.4.1.67 and EC 2.4.1.82
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
high specific affinity for UDP-Gal and myo-inositol
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in controlling galactose oligosaccharide biosynthesis, which plays a role in seed desiccation tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
product identification
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different mutant lines, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different genotypes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
UDP-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
galactinol synthesis, which is the galactosyl donor for the synthesis of raffinose and stachyose, at least 2 isoforms: GolS-1 is mainly involved in the synthesis of storage raffinose family oligosaccharides and GolS-2 in the synthesis of transport raffinose family oligosaccharides, GolS-2 expression is much lower than that of GolS-1, galactinol may be catabolized by the reverse reaction
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
responsible for galactinol synthesis, involved in raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis, cf. EC 2.4.1.67 and EC 2.4.1.82
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in controlling galactose oligosaccharide biosynthesis, which plays a role in seed desiccation tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different mutant lines, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different genotypes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
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highest activity among all of the components of seed, much poorer source than Cucurbita pepo mature leaves
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LeGOLS-1 mRNA is present in endosperm caps
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mature and senescent
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dry capsules
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BnGolS1 members
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-
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strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering
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GolS-2 is primarily expressed in the phloem-associated intermediary cells known for their role in raffinose family oligosaccharides phloem loading
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LeGOLS-1 mRNA is most abundant in radicle tips
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strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering
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-
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source and sink leaves, GolS-1 is source leaf-specific, equally weak expression of GolS-2 in all leaf types
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-
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in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor A2, the transcription of GolS1, -2, and -4 and raffinose synthase 2 (RS2) is highly induced. In leaves of the wild-type plants, treatment with 50 mM methylviologen increases the transcript levels of GolS1, -2, -3, -4, and -8 and the total activities of GolS isoenzymes
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mature, high expression of BnGolS3 members
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-
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7th node from the growing tip, from fruiting plants
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mature leaves, much richer source than Phaseolus vulgaris cotyledons
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-
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-
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in 15 DAG seedlings, mature full-length OsGolS1 is expressed only in leaf sheath of etiolated plants. In contrast, the q-PCR indicative of pre-mRNA accumulation relative to actin (housekeeping gene) expression shows a strikingly different profile. The pre-mRNA of OsGolS1 is accumulated in the leaf tissue of etiolated plants at a high level, about fourfold to the accumulation of actin. In one-month-old plants, mature OsGolS1 is found only in leaf sheath
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in one-month-old plants mature OsGolS1 is found only in leaf sheath, OsGolS2 shows both mature and pre-mRNA in sheath. OsGolS2 pre-mRNA is expressed 25fold in leaf sheath
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-
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-
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GolS-1 is primarily expressed in the mesophyll, the site of raffinose family oligosaccharides storage
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-
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-
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BnGolS4-1
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lateral
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-
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high level of AtGolS1 and 2 expression in mature seeds, but very low of AtGolS3
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high expression of BnGolS1-1 and BnGolS1-3 40 days after flowering, BnGolS6-4 is weakly expressed 10 days after flowering, and BnGolS7-2 is weakly expressed 30 and 40 days after flowering
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-
-
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-
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during lentil seed development, isozyme LcGolS1 transcripts show higher accumulation during 26-32 days after flowering (DAF) corresponding to seed desiccation, while isozyme LcGolS2 shows maximum accumulation at 24 DAF, prior to increase in LcGolS1 transcripts
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-
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additional information
-
enzyme expression is heat-inducible being induced by heat-shock proteins in all vegetative tissues
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additional information
tissue-specific and hormone-induced expression patterns of BnGolS. BnGolS6 and BnGolS7 members are not expressed in most tissues and were only weakly expressed in specific tissues during a specific development stage
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additional information
enzyme activity of GS correlates with GolS transcript accumulation and galactinol accumulation
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additional information
enzyme activity of GS correlates with GolS transcript accumulation and galactinol accumulation
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additional information
-
enzyme activity of GS correlates with GolS transcript accumulation and galactinol accumulation
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additional information
gene MfGolS1 transcript is not detected in untreated vegetative tissues, but greatly induced in leaves and slightly in lateral roots, but not in axial roots, stem and petioles, after cold treatment
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additional information
-
gene MfGolS1 transcript is not detected in untreated vegetative tissues, but greatly induced in leaves and slightly in lateral roots, but not in axial roots, stem and petioles, after cold treatment
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additional information
tissue-specific and hormone-induced expression patterns of NtGolS. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3 and all of the NtGolS1 members display constitutive expression in all tissues tested. NtGolS1-1 and NtGolS1-2 are highly expressed in stems and dry capsules, while NtGolS1-3 is highly expressed in mature flowers and senescent flowers. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3, NtGolS2-4 and NtGolS2-6 display high expression in dry capsules, while NtGolS2-1 and NtGolS2-5 have no detectable expression
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additional information
-
tissue-specific and hormone-induced expression patterns of NtGolS. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3 and all of the NtGolS1 members display constitutive expression in all tissues tested. NtGolS1-1 and NtGolS1-2 are highly expressed in stems and dry capsules, while NtGolS1-3 is highly expressed in mature flowers and senescent flowers. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3, NtGolS2-4 and NtGolS2-6 display high expression in dry capsules, while NtGolS2-1 and NtGolS2-5 have no detectable expression
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additional information
plant-wide developmental and tissue-specific profile of isozymes OsGolS1 and OsGolS2 functional expression, overview. In 3-month-old plants, mature OsGolS1 is found in late panicle, shoot, and also in root tissue with a precursor
brenda
additional information
plant-wide developmental and tissue-specific profile of isozymes OsGolS1 and OsGolS2 functional expression, overview. In 3-month-old plants, mature OsGolS1 is found in late panicle, shoot, and also in root tissue with a precursor
brenda
additional information
plant-wide developmental and tissue-specific profile of isozymes OsGolS1 and OsGolS2 functional expression, overview. OsGolS2 pre-mRNA is expressed in all light-grown tissue, ranging from 25fold in leaf sheath to twofold in the root compared to actin. The etiolated plants also show high accumulation of pre-mRNA in roots. In one-month-old plants mature OsGolS1 is found only in leaf sheath, OsGolS2 shows both mature and pre-mRNA in sheath. OsGolS2 is not found in 3-month-old plants
brenda
additional information
plant-wide developmental and tissue-specific profile of isozymes OsGolS1 and OsGolS2 functional expression, overview. OsGolS2 pre-mRNA is expressed in all light-grown tissue, ranging from 25fold in leaf sheath to twofold in the root compared to actin. The etiolated plants also show high accumulation of pre-mRNA in roots. In one-month-old plants mature OsGolS1 is found only in leaf sheath, OsGolS2 shows both mature and pre-mRNA in sheath. OsGolS2 is not found in 3-month-old plants
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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evolution
phylogenetic relationship among GolS proteins in plants, and evolutionary relationships and biological functions of GolS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), further evolutionary relationships among GolS members in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae species, overview. Evaluation of predicted three-dimensional structures of representative GolS members from Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. Spatio-temporal and hormone response expression patterns of these GolS genes. Comparison of the genes with the genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Genotyping. Conserved motifs of GolS proteins
evolution
phylogenetic relationship among GolS proteins in plants, and evolutionary relationships and biological functions of GolS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), further evolutionary relationships among GolS members in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae species, overview. Evaluation of predicted three-dimensional structures of representative GolS members from Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. Spatio-temporal and hormone response expression patterns of these GolS genes. Comparison of the genes with the genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Genotyping. Conserved motifs of GolS proteins
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides catalyzing the first committed step
metabolism
galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis
metabolism
galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis
metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes the first step of galactinol biosynthesis, overview. Galactinol and its adducts of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) series are implicated in carbon storage, transport, maintaining the source-sink relationship, stress amelioration, and signalling
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
first committed step of the raffinose family oligosaccharides biosynthetic pathway
physiological function
galactinol synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and plays a key regulatory role in the carbon partitioning between sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides
physiological function
-
galactinol synthase catalyzes formation of galactinol and is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides
physiological function
galactinol synthase catalyzes formation of galactinol and is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides. Enzyme MfGolS1 plays an important role in cold tolerance of Medicago falcata. Myoinositol may participate in cold-induced transcription of MfGolS1 that confers multiple tolerances to abiotic stresses. During cold acclimation, sugars including sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose are accumulated. The enzyme plays an important role in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses
physiological function
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), catalyzes the condensation of UDP-galactose with myo-inositol to produce galactinol as the sole donor for the synthesis of RFOs. RFOs have been implicated in mitigating effects of environmental stresses on plants. Overexpression of TsGOLS2 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved the tolerance of transgenic plants to high salinity and osmotic stress
physiological function
-
the enzyme is important for biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides during seed germination. Germination percentage and enzyme activities of chickpea genotypes desi and kabuli with contrasting raffinose family oligosaccharides concentrations, detailed overview
physiological function
galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses indicates RFOs function in environmental adaptation
physiological function
galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses indicates RFOs function in environmental adaptation
physiological function
galactinol synthase catalyzes the transfer of a galactosyl residue from UDP-galactose to myo-inositol to synthesize galactinol, a precursor for raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) biosynthesis. Accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), galactinol and its precursors during seed development, overview
additional information
in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS1
additional information
in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS1
additional information
-
in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS1
additional information
in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS2
additional information
in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS2
additional information
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in-silico protein structure prediction of LcGolS2
additional information
three-dimensional structure prediction and homology modeling for BnGolS, overview. in BnGolS1-2, two Asp residues play a key role in the binding of the ligands in UDP-galactose and inositol, the crucial inositol-binding residues are Phe33, Try40, Ile105, Asp125 and Asp127, while the important UDP-galactose binding residues are Phe33, Try40, Ile105, Lys109, Try123, Asp125, Asp127, Try163, Ile165, Gln222, and Lys270. The Lys270 residue involved in UDP-galactose binding is part of the HxxGxxKPW motif. The conserved DxD motif plays a crucial role in the binding of micro-molecules in the galactinol catalytic pocket, whereas the HxxGxxKPW motif generally participates in macro-molecular binding. Docking of ligands onto the modeled BnGolS1-2 protein structure
additional information
three-dimensional structure prediction and homology modeling for NtGolS, overview
additional information
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three-dimensional structure prediction and homology modeling for NtGolS, overview
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7 AtGolS genes, cloning of AtGolS1, 2 and 3, AtGolS1 and 2 are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses, but not by cold stress, AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress, overexpression of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins GTS-AtGolS1, 2 and 3 in Escherichia coli, overexpression of AtGolS2 in transgenic Arabidopsis improves drought tolerance, AtGolS3 is controlled by the transcription factor DREB1A
coding region of BhGolS1 is inframe cloned into pGEX-4T-1 downstream to GST coding region and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and BL21 codon plus cells, generation of transgenic tobacco plants, constructs are introduced into Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 by electroporation and transformed into tobacco via a leaf disc method
cold-inducible GolS-1 and -2 genes encode 2 distinct galactinol synthases, cloning and sequencing of the GolS-1 and -2 genes, deduced amino acid sequences, expression of GolS-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli as functional enzyme
desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes
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enzyme DNA as cloned into the predigested binary vector, tobacco is transformed by the leaf-disk method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing the CsGolS1 recombinant plasmid
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
gene GolS1, located on chromosome 3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, promoter analysis with isolation, cloning and transient transformation, genetic organization, a non-canonical regulation mechanism controlling the splicing and maturation of rice GolS genes is identified in rice photosynthetic tissue. Two isoforms of Oryza sativa GolS (OsGolS) gene are interspersed by conserved introns harboring characteristic premature termination codons (PTC), recombinant expression of His-tagged isozyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene GolS2, located on chromosome 7, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, promoter analysis with isolation, cloning and transient transformation, genetic organization, a non-canonical regulation mechanism controlling the splicing and maturation of rice GolS genes is identified in rice photosynthetic tissue. Two isoforms of Oryza sativa GolS (OsGolS) gene are interspersed by conserved introns harboring characteristic premature termination codons (PTC), recombinant expression of His-tagged isozyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene MfGolS1, cloned from the cold-treated leaves by reverse transcription PCR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Zhongyan 90 seeds. Overexpression of MfGolS1 in tobacco results in elevated tolerance to freezing and chilling in transgenic plants as a result of enhanced levels of galactinol, raffinose and stachyose. Tolerance to drought and salt stresses is also increased in the transgenic tobacco plants
gene MsGolS1, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis
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gene TsGOLS2, overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The contents of galactinol, raffinose, and 2-oxoglutaric acid are significantly increased in transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants, and salt-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants exhibits higher germination rate, photosynthesis ability, and seedling growth. After being treated with osmotic stress by high concentration of sorbitol, transgenic plants retain high germination rates and grow well during early development
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identification of 20 BnGolS genes, DNA and amino acid sequence determinations and analysis, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, genetic structure and chromosomal location, overview
identification of 9 NtGolS genes, DNA and amino acid sequence determinations and analysis, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, genetic structure and chromosomal location, overview
LcGolS1, cDNA library construction with RNA isolated from developing lentil seeds, and screening, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with isozyme LcGolS2, phylogenetic analysis, and quantitative real time PCR expression analysis
LcGolS2, cDNA library construction with RNA isolated from developing lentil seeds, and screening, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with isozyme LcGolS1, phylogenetic analysis, and quantitative real time PCR expression analysis
LeGOLS-1 gene encoding a 318-amino acids peptide is cloned, gene and cDNA structure, LeGOLS-1 expression pattern in seeds and seedlings during seed maturation and germination under various conditions, hormonal control of transcription of LeGOLS-1 in the absence of gibberellin and abscisic acid, up-regulation of gene expression before maturation desiccation and again after imbibition whenever radicle protrusion is prevented
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a WRKY transcription factor participates in dehydration tolerance in Boea hygrometrica by binding to the W-box elements of the galactinol synthase promoter, GolS genes are induced by a variety of stresses in both stress-sensitive and tolerant-plant species, mRNA and protein accumulate in leaves dehydrated for 2-48 h, and disappear after rehydration, BhGolS1 is rapidly induced by abscisic acid at the mRNA level after 0.5 h and at the protein level after 8 h
at 3 to 5 days after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, the CsGolS1 overexpressors show more resistance to the pathogen infection (40 to 63% increase in the survival rate) compared with wild-type plants, expression of a galactinol synthase gene is primed in the leaves of cucumber plants by Pseudomonaschlororaphis O6 root colonization, the transcript of the Cucumis sativus induced systemic resistance gene 3 (CsISR3) clone, encoding a cucumber galactinol synthase is accumulated after a challenge inoculation with Corynespora cassiicola
expression of GolS genes is implicated in abiotic stress, especially drought and salinity, overview. A non-canonical regulation mechanism controlling the splicing and maturation of rice GolS genes is identified in rice photosynthetic tissue. Two isoforms of Oryza sativa GolS (OsGolS) gene, located in chromosomes 3(OsGolS1) and 7(OsGolS2), are interspersed by conserved introns harboring characteristic premature termination codons (PTC). During abiotic stress, the premature and mature transcripts of both isoforms accumulate in a rhythmic manner for very small time-windows interrupted by phases of complete absence. Reporter gene assay using GolS promoters under abiotic stress does not reflect this accumulation profile, suggesting that this regulation occurs post-transcriptionally. Analysis reveals that a combined transcriptional and post transcriptional control exists in rice to regulate GolS expression under stress. Selective degradation of OsGolS pre-mRNAs
galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses
galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Induction by brassinosteroid, salicylic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate treatments. Six hormone inducible marker genes all show upregulation in response to corresponding hormone treatments, the isozymes are induced by one or more of the hormones, overview
gene expression of Os07g0687900 encoding galactinol synthase is upregulated by overexpression of the transcription factor 11 (WRKY11) induced by heat pretreatment
overexpression of the CsGolS1 gene confers resistance in transgenic tobacco plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens, the CsGolS1-overexpressing transgenic plants demonstrate constitutive resistance against the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Erwinia carotovora, and they show an increased accumulation in galactinol content, the CsGolS1-overexpressing transgenic plants demonstrate an increased tolerance to drought and high salinity stresses
the enzyme is greatly induced in leaves, but not in stem and petiole, after cold treatment. MfGolS1 can be induced by myo-inositol, which is proposed to participate in cold-induced MfGolS1 expression. MfGolS1 transcript is weakly induced by dehydration and salt stresses, but not responsive to abscisic acid
the enzyme is slightly and short-time induced by cold treatment with low levels of accumulation of sugars including sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose
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the enzyme is upregulated by several abiotic stresses
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