Reference on EC 2.3.2.15 - glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Beck, A.; Lendzian, K.; Oven, M.; Christmann, A.; Grill, E.
Phytochelatin synthase catalyzes key step in turnover of glutathione conjugates
Phytochemistry
62
423-431
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana, Silene vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana Heyn., Silene vulgaris Wib.
Tsuji, N.; Hirayanagi, N.; Iwabe, O.; Namba, T.; Tagawa, M.; Miyamoto, S.; Miyasaka, H.; Takagi, M.; Hirata, K.; Miyamoto, K.
Regulation of phytochelatin synthesis by zinc and cadmium in marine green alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta
Phytochemistry
62
453-459
2003
Dunaliella tertiolecta
Lee, S.; Moon, J.S.; Ko, T.S.; Petros, D.; Goldsbrough, P.B.; Korban, S.S.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase paradoxically leads to hypersensitivity to cadmium stress
Plant Physiol.
131
656-663
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana
Sauge-Merle, S.; Cuine, S.; Carrier, P.; Lecomte-Pradines, C.; Luu, D.T.; Peltier, G.
Enhanced toxic metal accumulation in engineered bacterial cells expressing Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
69
490-494
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Nakazawa, R.; Kato, H.; Kameda, Y.; Takenaga, H.
Optimum assay conditions of the activity of phytochelatin synthase from tobacco cells
Biol. Plant.
45
311-313
2002
Nicotiana tabacum
-
Lee, S.; Moon, J.S.; Domier, L.L.; Korban, S.S.
Molecular characterization of phytochelatin synthase expression in transgenic Arabidopsis
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
40
727-733
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
Cazale, A.C.; Clemens, S.
Arabidopsis thaliana expresses a second functional phytochelatin synthase
FEBS Lett.
507
215-219
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana
Clemens, S.; Schroeder, J.I.; Degenkolb, T.
Caenorhabditis elegans expresses a functional phytochelatin synthase
Eur. J. Biochem.
268
3640-3643
2001
Caenorhabditis elegans
Vatamaniuk, O.K.; Bucher, E.A.; Ward, J.T.; Rea, P.A.
A new pathway for heavy metal detoxification in animals. Phytochelatin synthase is required for cadmium tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans
J. Biol. Chem.
276
20817-20820
2001
Caenorhabditis elegans (G5ECE4), Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans N2 (G5ECE4)
Vatamaniuk, O.K.; Mari, S.; Lu, Y.P.; Rea, P.A.
Mechanism of heavy metal ion activation of phytochelatin (PC) synthase: blocked thiols are sufficient for PC synthase-catalyzed transpeptidation of glutathione and related thiol peptides
J. Biol. Chem.
275
31451-31459
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana
Vatamaniuk, O.K.; Mari, S.; Lu, Y.P.; Rea, P.A.
AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis: isolation and in vitro reconstitution
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
96
7110-7115
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Chen, J.; Zhou, J.; Goldsbrough, P.B.
Characterization of phytochelatin synthase from tomato
Physiol. Plant.
101
165-172
1997
Solanum lycopersicum
-
Grill, E.; Lffler, S.; Winnacker, E.L.; Zenk, M.H.
Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
86
6838-6842
1989
Beta vulgaris, Equisetum giganteum, Eschscholzia californica, Podophyllum peltatum, Silene vulgaris
Sriprang, R.; Hayashi, M.; Ono, H.; Takagi, M.; Hirata, K.; Murooka, Y.
Enhanced accumulation of Cd2+ by a Mesorhizobium sp. transformed with a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana coding for phytochelatin synthase
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
69
1791-1796
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ruotolo, R.; Peracchi, A.; Bolchi, A.; Infusini, G.; Amoresano, A.; Ottonello, S.
Domain organization of phytochelatin synthase: functional properties of truncated enzyme species identified by limited proteolysis
J. Biol. Chem.
279
14686-14693
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3)
Vatamaniuk, O.K.; Mari, S.; Lang, A.; Chalasani, S.; Demkiv, L.O.; Rea, P.A.
Phytochelatin synthase, a dipeptidyltransferase that undergoes multisite acylation with gamma-glutamylcysteine during catalysis: stoichiometric and site-directed mutagenic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana PCS1-catalyzed phytochelatin synthesis
J. Biol. Chem.
279
22449-22460
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Heiss, S.; Wachter, A.; Bogs, J.; Cobbett, C.; Rausch, T.
Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) protein is induced in Brassica juncea leaves after prolonged Cd exposure
J. Exp. Bot.
54
1833-1839
2003
Brassica juncea
Li, Y.; Dhankher, O.P.; Carreira, L.; Lee, D.; Chen, A.; Schroeder, J.I.; Balish, R.S.; Meagher, R.B.
Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced arsenic tolerance and cadmium hypersensitivity
Plant Cell Physiol.
45
1787-1797
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Lee, S.; Petros, D.; Moon, J.S.; Ko, T.S.; Goldsbrough, P.B.; Korban, S.S.
Higher levels of ectopic expression of Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase do not lead to increased cadmium tolerance and accumulation
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
41
903-910
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
Maier, T.; Yu, C.; Kullertz, G.; Clemens, S.
Localization and functional characterization of metal-binding sites in phytochelatin synthases
Planta
218
300-308
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Tsuji, N.; Nishikori, S.; Iwabe, O.; Matsumoto, S.; Shiraki, K.; Miyasaka, H.; Takagi, M.; Miyamoto, K.; Hirata, K.
Comparative analysis of the two-step reaction catalyzed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic phytochelatin synthase by an ion-pair liquid chromatography assay
Planta
222
181-191
2005
Nostoc sp., Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
Pomponi, M.; Censi, V.; Di Girolamo, V.; De Paolis, A.; di Toppi, L.S.; Aromolo, R.; Costantino, P.; Cardarelli, M.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase in tobacco plants enhances Cd(2+) tolerance and accumulation but not translocation to the shoot
Planta
223
180-190
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Matsumoto, S.; Shiraki, K.; Tsuji, N.; Hirata, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Takagi, M.
Functional analysis of phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana and its expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sci. Tech. Adv. Mater.
5
377-381
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
Picault, N.; Cazale, A.C.; Beyly, A.; Cuine, S.; Carrier, P.; Luu, D.T.; Forestier, C.; Peltier, G.
Chloroplast targeting of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis: effects onheavy metal tolerance and accumulation
Biochimie
88
1743-1750
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
Dong, R.; Formentin, E.; Losseso, C.; Carimi, F.; Benedetti, P.; Terzi, M.; Schiavo, F.L.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a phytochelatin synthase gene, PvPCS1, from Pteris vittata L
J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
32
527-533
2005
Pteris vittata (Q4QY91), Pteris vittata
Li, J.; Guo, J.; Xu, W.; Ma, M.
Enhanced cadmium accumulation in transgenic tobacco expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene of Cynodon dactylon L
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
48
928-937
2006
Cynodon dactylon
-
Clemens, S.
Evolution and function of phytochelatin synthases
J. Plant Physiol.
163
319-332
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Saccharomyces pombe, Pteris vittata (Q4QY91), Athyrium yokoscense (Q948S0)
Blum, R.; Beck, A.; Korte, A.; Stengel, A.; Letzel, T.; Lendzian, K.; Grill, E.
Function of phytochelatin synthase in catabolism of glutathione-conjugates
Plant J.
49
740-749
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ramos, J.; Clemente, M.R.; Naya, L.; Loscos, J.; Perez-Rontome, C.; Sato, S.; Tabata, S.; Becana, M.
Phytochelatin synthases of the model legume Lotus japonicus. A small multigene family with differential response to cadmium and alternatively spliced variants
Plant Physiol.
143
1110-1118
2007
Lotus japonicus
He, Z.; Li, J.; Zhang, H.; Ma, M.
Different effects of calcium and lanthanum on the expression of phytochelatin synthase gene and cadmium absorption in Lactuca sativa
Plant Sci.
168
309-318
2005
Lactuca sativa
Gasic, K.; Korban, S.S.
Expression of Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) plants enhances tolerance for Cd and Zn
Planta
225
1277-1285
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ramos, J.; Naya, L.; Gay, M.; Abian, J.; Becana, M.
Functional characterization of an unusual phytochelatin synthase, LjPCS3, of Lotus japonicus
Plant Physiol.
148
536-545
2008
Lotus japonicus (Q2QKL5), Lotus japonicus (Q2TSC7), Lotus japonicus
Singh, S.; Lee, W.; DaSilva, N.; Mulchandani, A.; Chen, W.
Enhanced arsenic accumulation by engineered yeast cells expressing Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
99
333-340
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Amaro, F.; Ruotolo, R.; Martin-Gonzalez, A.; Faccini, A.; Ottonello, S.; Gutierrez, J.C.
A pseudo-phytochelatin synthase in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C
149
598-604
2009
Tetrahymena thermophila (Q4PJK2), Tetrahymena thermophila, Tetrahymena thermophila SB1969 (Q4PJK2)
Li, A.M.; Yu, B.Y.; Chen, F.H.; Gan, H.Y.; Yuan, J.G.; Qiu, R.; Huang, J.C.; Yang, Z.Y.; Xu, Z.F.
Characterization of the Sesbania rostrata phytochelatin synthase gene: Alternative splicing and function of four isoforms
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
10
3269-3282
2009
Sesbania rostrata (C7DSA3), Sesbania rostrata (C7DSA6), Sesbania rostrata (C7DSA8), Sesbania rostrata (Q1L734), Sesbania rostrata
Wang, H.; Wu, J.; Chia, J.; Yang, C.; Wu, Y.; Juang, R.
Phytochelatin synthase is regulated by protein phosphorylation at a threonine residue near its catalytic site
J. Agric. Food Chem.
57
7348-7355
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3)
Wojas, S.; Clemens, S.; Hennig, J.; Sklodowska, A.; Kopera, E.; Schat, H.; Bal, W.; Antosiewicz, D.M.
Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in tobacco: distinctive effects of AtPCS1 and CePCS genes on plant response to cadmium
J. Exp. Bot.
59
2205-2219
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans
Ogawa, S.; Yoshidomi, T.; Shirabe, T.; Yoshimura, E.
HPLC method for the determination of phytochelatin synthase activity specific for soft metal ion chelators
J. Inorg. Biochem.
104
442-445
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Liu, Z.; Gu, C.; Chen, F.; Yang, D.; Wu, K.; Chen, S.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, Z.
Heterologous expression of a Nelumbo nucifera phytochelatin synthase gene enhances cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
166
722-734
2012
Nelumbo nucifera
Tsai, S.L.; Singh, S.; Dasilva, N.A.; Chen, W.
Co-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase and Treponema denticola cysteine desulfhydrase for enhanced arsenic accumulation
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
109
605-608
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
Brunetti, P.; Zanella, L.; Proia, A.; De Paolis, A.; Falasca, G.; Altamura, M.M.; Sanita di Toppi, L.; Costantino, P.; Cardarelli, M.
Cadmium tolerance and phytochelatin content of Arabidopsis seedlings over-expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene AtPCS1
J. Exp. Bot.
62
5509-5519
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ogawa, S.; Yoshidomi, T.; Yoshimura, E.
Cadmium(II)-stimulated enzyme activation of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase 1
J. Inorg. Biochem.
105
111-117
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
Rea, P.A.
Phytochelatin synthase: of a protease a peptide polymerase made
Physiol. Plant.
145
154-164
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
Liu, G.Y.; Zhang, Y.X.; Chai, T.Y.
Phytochelatin synthase of Thlaspi caerulescens enhanced tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals when expressed in yeast and tobacco
Plant Cell Rep.
30
1067-1076
2011
Noccaea caerulescens
Shukla, D.; Kesari, R.; Mishra, S.; Dwivedi, S.; Tripathi, R.D.; Nath, P.; Trivedi, P.K.
Expression of phytochelatin synthase from aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. enhances cadmium and arsenic accumulation in tobacco
Plant Cell Rep.
31
1687-1699
2012
Ceratophyllum demersum (E5GCW5), Ceratophyllum demersum
Chang, Y.; Li, H.; Cong, Y.; Lin, J.; Sheng, B.
Characterization and Expression of a phytochelatin synthase gene in birch-leaf pear (Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge)
Plant Mol. Biol. Rep.
30
1329-1337
2012
Pyrus betulifolia (H2DFA2)
-
Meyer, C.L.; Peisker, D.; Courbot, M.; Craciun, A.R.; Cazale, A.C.; Desgain, D.; Schat, H.; Clemens, S.; Verbruggen, N.
Isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis halleri and Thlaspi caerulescens phytochelatin synthases
Planta
234
83-95
2011
Noccaea caerulescens (B3FMV8), Noccaea caerulescens (Q698X7), Noccaea caerulescens, Arabidopsis halleri (F1KLT6), Arabidopsis halleri (Q56VL5), Arabidopsis halleri
Li, H.; Cong, Y.; Lin, J.; Chang, Y.
Enhanced tolerance and accumulation of heavy metal ions by engineered Escherichia coli expressing Pyrus calleryana phytochelatin synthase
J. Basic Microbiol.
55
398-405
2015
Pyrus calleryana
Cahoon, R.E.; Lutke, W.K.; Cameron, J.C.; Chen, S.; Lee, S.G.; Rivard, R.S.; Rea, P.A.; Jez, J.M.
Adaptive engineering of phytochelatin-based heavy metal tolerance
J. Biol. Chem.
290
17321-17330
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Nahar, N.; Rahman, A.; Mos, M.; Warzecha, T.; Ghosh, S.; Hossain, K.; Nawani, N.N.; Mandal, A.
In silico and in vivo studies of molecular structures and mechanisms of AtPCS1 protein involved in binding arsenite and/or cadmium in plant cells
J. Mol. Model.
20
2104
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
Garcia-Garcia, J.D.; Girard, L.; Hernandez, G.; Saavedra, E.; Pardo, J.P.; Rodriguez-Zavala, J.S.; Encalada, R.; Reyes-Prieto, A.; Mendoza-Cozatl, D.G.; Moreno-Sanchez, R.
Zn-bis-glutathionate is the best co-substrate of the monomeric phytochelatin synthase from the photosynthetic heavy metal-hyperaccumulator Euglena gracilis
Metallomics
6
604-616
2014
Euglena gracilis (A0A075TCK5), Euglena gracilis
Fan, W.; Guo, Q.; Liu, C.; Liu, X.; Zhang, M.; Long, D.; Xiang, Z.; Zhao, A.
Two mulberry phytochelatin synthase genes confer zinc/cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco
Gene
645
95-104
2018
Morus notabilis (W9QSJ2), Morus notabilis (W9QSW3), Morus notabilis
Bellini, E.; Maresca, V.; Betti, C.; Castiglione, M.R.; Fontanini, D.; Capocchi, A.; Sorce, C.; Borso, M.; Bruno, L.; Sorbo, S.; Basile, A.; Sanita di Toppi, L.
The moss Leptodictyum riparium counteracts severe cadmium stress by activation of glutathione transferase and phytochelatin synthase, but slightly by phytochelatins
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
21
1583
2020
Leptodictyum riparium
Li, M.; Stragliati, L.; Bellini, E.; Ricci, A.; Saba, A.; Sanita di Toppi, L.; Varotto, C.
Evolution and functional differentiation of recently diverged phytochelatin synthase genes from Arundo donax L.
J. Exp. Bot.
70
5391-5405
2019
Arundo donax (A0A4Y5QLU9), Arundo donax (A0A4Y5QLV0), Arundo donax (A0A4Y5QPE2), Arundo donax
Shah, K.; King, G.D.; Jiang, H.
A chromatin modulator sustains self-renewal and enables differentiation of postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells
J. Mol. Cell Biol.
12
4-16
2020
Oryza sativa Japonica Group (A0A1Q2SVY7), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q0DI55)
Kim, Y.O.; Kang, H.; Ahn, S.J.
Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase AtPCS2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Plant Physiol.
240
153011
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (A0A1P8AVN4), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (A0A1P8AVN4)
Olsson, S.; Penacho, V.; Puente-Sanchez, F.; Diaz, S.; Gonzalez-Pastor, J.E.; Aguilera, A.
Horizontal gene transfer of phytochelatin synthases from bacteria to extremophilic green algae
Microb. Ecol.
73
50-60
2017
Dunaliella acidophila, Chlamydomonas acidophila, Chlamydomonas acidophila RT46, Dunaliella acidophila RT5
Park, H.C.; Hwang, J.E.; Jiang, Y.; Kim, Y.J.; Kim, S.H.; Nguyen, X.C.; Kim, C.Y.; Chung, W.S.
Functional characterisation of two phytochelatin synthases in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Milyang 117) that respond to cadmium stress
Plant Biol.
21
854-861
2019
Oryza sativa
Uraguchi, S.; Tanaka, N.; Hofmann, C.; Abiko, K.; Ohkama-Ohtsu, N.; Weber, M.; Kamiya, T.; Sone, Y.; Nakamura, R.; Takanezawa, Y.; Kiyono, M.; Fujiwara, T.; Clemens, S.
Phytochelatin synthase has contrasting effects on cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice grains
Plant Cell Physiol.
58
1730-1742
2017
Oryza sativa Japonica Group (A0A1Q2SVY7), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (A0A224ASC9), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (B7EJX7), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q0DI55), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q5VRI1)
Hayashi, S.; Kuramata, M.; Abe, T.; Takagi, H.; Ozawa, K.; Ishikawa, S.
Phytochelatin synthase OsPCS1 plays a crucial role in reducing arsenic levels in rice grains
Plant J.
91
840-848
2017
Oryza sativa Japonica Group (A0A1Q2SVY7), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q0DI55)
Das, N.; Bhattacharya, S.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Maiti, M.K.
Identification of alternatively spliced transcripts of rice phytochelatin synthase 2 gene OsPCS2 involved in mitigation of cadmium and arsenic stresses
Plant Mol. Biol.
94
167-183
2017
Oryza sativa Indica Group (A0A1B2LVE0), Oryza sativa Indica Group (Q8GZR3), Oryza sativa Indica Group, Oryza sativa Indica Group IR64 (A0A1B2LVE0), Oryza sativa Indica Group IR64 (Q8GZR3)
Fontanini, D.; Andreucci, A.; Ruffini Castiglione, M.; Basile, A.; Sorbo, S.; Petraglia, A.; Degola, F.; Bellini, E.; Bruno, L.; Varotto, C.; Sanita di Toppi, L.
The phytochelatin synthase from Nitella mucronata (Charophyta) plays a role in the homeostatic control of iron(II)/(III)
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
127
88-96
2018
Nitella mucronata
Chaurasia, N.; Mishra, Y.; Chatterjee, A.; Rai, R.; Yadav, S.; Rai, L.C.
Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase (pcs) enhances abiotic stress tolerance by altering the proteome of transformed Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Protoplasma
254
1715-1724
2017
Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 = FACHB-418 (Q8YY76)
Zhang, D.; Yamamoto, T.; Tang, D.; Kato, Y.; Horiuchi, S.; Ogawa, S.; Yoshimura, E.; Suzuki, M.
Enhanced biosynthesis of CdS nanoparticles through Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase-modified Escherichia coli with fluorescence effect in detection of pyrogallol and gallic acid
Talanta
195
447-455
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S7Z3), Arabidopsis thaliana
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