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0.00036
purified recombinant mitochondrial isozyme A, mutant H327A
0.00134
purified recombinant mitochondrial isozyme A, mutant V353E
0.00513
purified recombinant mitochondrial isozyme A, mutant G354A
0.032
purified recombinant mitochondrial isozyme A, wild-type
4.4
-
recombinant protein, crude extract from E. coli
70
-
purified recombinant enzyme
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
additional information
-
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, psat mutant (deficient in plastidic enzyme), without significant total serine acetyltransferase alterations in leaves and roots
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, psat mutant (deficient in plastidic enzyme), without significant total serine acetyltransferase alterations in leaves and roots
additional information
-
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, psat mutant (deficient in plastidic enzyme), without significant total serine acetyltransferase alterations in leaves and roots
additional information
recombinant Arabidopsis serine acetlytransferase activity in transgenic Lupinus angustifolius embryos of the T2 and T4 plant generation is increased severalfold over controls (wild-type and transgenic sunflower seed albumin lupins), 5-12fold and about 5fold in 5F1 (in vitro 4fold over wild-type), 24-31fold and about 20fold in 3A3 (in vitro 12fold over wild-type), 49fold and about 40fold in 5B3 (in vitro 30fold over wild-type), control enzyme activity is roughly about 5 nmol/min/mg protein, correlation to the concentration of key intermediates of the sulphur amino acid biosynthesis (O-acetylserine, free cysteine, glutathione)
additional information
-
recombinant Arabidopsis serine acetlytransferase activity in transgenic Lupinus angustifolius embryos of the T2 and T4 plant generation is increased severalfold over controls (wild-type and transgenic sunflower seed albumin lupins), 5-12fold and about 5fold in 5F1 (in vitro 4fold over wild-type), 24-31fold and about 20fold in 3A3 (in vitro 12fold over wild-type), 49fold and about 40fold in 5B3 (in vitro 30fold over wild-type), control enzyme activity is roughly about 5 nmol/min/mg protein, correlation to the concentration of key intermediates of the sulphur amino acid biosynthesis (O-acetylserine, free cysteine, glutathione)
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, csat mutant (deficient in cytosolic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 71% compared to wild-type in leaves, to 68% in roots
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, csat mutant (deficient in cytosolic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 71% compared to wild-type in leaves, to 68% in roots
additional information
-
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, csat mutant (deficient in cytosolic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 71% compared to wild-type in leaves, to 68% in roots
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
additional information
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
additional information
-
50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, dmsat mutant (deficient in cytosolic and plastidic enzyme), total serine acetyltransferase activity reduced to 80% compared to wild-type in roots, no significant reduction in leaves
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biotechnology
5fold increase of O-acetylserine concentration and 26fold increase compared to controls of free cystein in transgenic developing narrow leaf lupin embryos (Lupinus angustifolius) without effect on free methionine levels in developing embryos or total cysteine and methionine concentrations in mature seeds
E282A
site-directed mutagenesis in C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain, enhanced activity, complementation of inactivated Escherichia coli mutant
G354A
site-directed mutagenesis in C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain, reduced activity, partial complementation of inactivated Escherichia coli mutant
H309A
site-directed mutagenesis in C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain, strongly reduced activity
H327A
site-directed mutagenesis in C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain, nearly no activity
V353E
site-directed mutagenesis in C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain, nearly no activity
V353E
mutant enzyme does not bind O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase
additional information
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
additional information
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
additional information
-
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
additional information
the transgenic events in Zea mays leaves exhibit up to 12fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S-assimilation is increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 shows 1.40fold increase in kernel Met
additional information
-
the transgenic events in Zea mays leaves exhibit up to 12fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S-assimilation is increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 shows 1.40fold increase in kernel Met
additional information
-
SAT of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the point-mutated watermelon gene are not inhibited by L-cysteine, regardless if the recombinant enzyme is targeted to the chloroplast or expressed in the cytosol
additional information
-
transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing recombinant wild-type SATase are inhibited by L-cysteine
additional information
-
Sat3 expression is down-regulated by artificial micro RNA (amiRNA) expression against Sat3. Reduction of RNA levels, protein contents, SAT enzymatic activity and phenotype strongly correlate in independent amiSAT3 lines and cause significantly retarded growth. Expression of the other four Sat genes in Arabidopsis genome are not affected. Application of radiolabeled serine to leaf pieces reveales severely reduced incorporation rates into cysteine and even into glutathione. Steady-state levels of O-acetylserine are 4fold reduced
additional information
-
single and multiple knockout mutants of all five Arabidopsis SERAT gene family members are analyzed: all five quadruple mutants with a single gene survived, with three mutants show dwarfism and the quintuple mutant lacking all SERAT genes is embryo-lethal. Thus, all five isoforms show functional redundancy in vivo
additional information
-
the thermodynamics of formation of a complex of Arabidopsis thaliana O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and the C-terminal ligand of AtSAT (C10 peptide) as a function of temperature and salt concentration using fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry is analysed. Results show that the C-terminus of AtSAT provides the major contribution to the total binding energy in the plant cysteine synthase complex. The C10 peptide binds to the O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase homodimer in a 2:1 complex. Interaction between AtOASS and the C10 peptide is tight (Kd: 5-100 nM) over a range of temperatures (10-35°C) and NaCl concentrations (0.02-1.3 M)
additional information
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
additional information
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
additional information
-
T-DNA insertion mutants lead to complete disruption of the respective enzyme genes, mutants for cytosolic (csat) and plastidic (psat) enzyme isoforms, and double mutants (dmsat) of the 2 isoforms by crossing
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expression of SAT1 gene as glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli DH5alpha, complementation of serine acetyltransferase mutant Escherichia coli strain JM39, single copy gene, amino acid sequence determination
gene cysE, recombinant overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in Zea mays leaves lines OE1 and OE3 under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell-specific rbcS1 promoter resulting in 12fold higher SAT activity, increased S-assimilation in the leaves, and higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, the measured enzyme activity is a combination of endogenous SAT and that derived from expression of AtSAT1
PCR-amplification, plasmid transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ag10 for transfection of Lupinus angustifolius (cultivar Kalya)
SAT1 is closely linked to SAT5, high DNA sequence homology
cotyledon segments of seedlings of Ipomaea aquatica are transformed with Arabidopsis serine acetyltransferase and rice cysteine synthase genes under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Simultaneous expression of serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase results in enhanced sulfate uptake and increased biomass in Ipomaea aquatica
-
expression in Escherichia coli
-
expression in Escherichia coli SAT inactivated mutant
expression of 3 isozymes SAT-m, SAT-p, SAT-c as GFP-fusion proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
expression of wild-type and mutants in Escherichia coli
-
expression of wild-type and mutants in Escherichia coli SAT inactivated mutant as S-tagged protein
overexpression in Escherichia coli
-
overexpression of 3 isozymes SAT-m, SAT-p, SAT-c in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
-
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Murillo, M.; Fogilia, R.; Diller, A.; Lee, S.; Leustek, T.
Serine acetyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana can functionally complement the cysteine requirement of a cysE mutant strain of Escherichia coli
Cell. Mol. Biol. Res.
41
425-433
1996
Escherichia coli (P0A9D4), Escherichia coli, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39218), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Noji, M.; Inoue, K.; Kimura, N.; Gouda, A.; Saito, K.
Isoform-dependent differences in feedback regulation and subcellular localization of serine acetyltransferase involved in cysteine biosynthesis from Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Biol. Chem.
273
32739-32745
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Droux, M.; Ruffet, M.L.; Douce, R.; Job, D.
Interactions between serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase in higher plants. Structural and kinetic properties of the free and bound enzymes
Eur. J. Biochem.
255
235-245
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Inoue, K.; Noji, M.; Saito, K.
Determination of the sites required for the allosteric inhibition of serine acetyltransferase by L-cysteine in plants
Eur. J. Biochem.
266
220-227
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris
brenda
Wirtz, M.; Berkowitz, O.; Droux, M.; Hell, R.
The cysteine synthase complex from plants: mitochondrial serine acetyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana carries a bifunctional domain for catalysis and protein-protein interaction
Eur. J. Biochem.
268
686-693
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39218), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42538), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (P29847)
brenda
Noji, M.; Saito, K.
Molecular and biochemical analysis of serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase towards sulfur metabolic engineering in plants
Amino Acids
22
231-243
2002
Allium tuberosum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Wirtz, M.; Hell, R.
Production of cysteine for bacterial and plant biotechnology: Application of cysteine feedback-insensitive isoforms of serine acetyltransferase
Amino Acids
24
195-203
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39218), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42538), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli C600, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tabacum (Q8H0P5), Nicotiana tabacum (Q8H0P6), Nicotiana tabacum (Q8H0P7)
brenda
Kawashima, C.G.; Berkowitz, O.; Hell, R.; Noji, M.; Saito, K.
Characterization and expression analysis of a serine acetyltransferase gene family involved in a key step of the sulfur assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiol.
137
220-230
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Noji, M.; Goulart Kawashima, C.; Obayashi, T.; Saito, K.
In silico assessment of gene function involved in cysteine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: expression analysis of multiple isoforms of serine acetyltransferase
Amino Acids
30
163-171
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39218), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42538), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8S895), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W2B8), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Kumaran, S.; Jez, J.M.
Thermodynamics of the interaction between O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and the C-terminus of serine acetyltransferase
Biochemistry
46
5586-5594
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Meerak, J.; Akaracharanya, A.; Leepipatpiboon, N.; Chadchawan, S.; Kaothien-Nakayama, P.; Shinmyo, A.; Sano, H.
Simultaneous expression of serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase results in enhanced sulfate uptake and increased biomass in Ipomaea aquatica
Plant Biotechnol.
23
185-189
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
brenda
Francois, J.A.; Kumaran, S.; Jez, J.M.
Structural basis for interaction of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and serine acetyltransferase in the Arabidopsis cysteine synthase complex
Plant Cell
18
3647-3655
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Watanabe, M.; Mochida, K.; Kato, T.; Tabata, S.; Yoshimoto, N.; Noji, M.; Saito, K.
Comparative Genomics and Reverse Genetics Analysis Reveal Indispensable Functions of the Serine Acetyltransferase Gene Family in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
20
2484-2496
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Haas, F.H.; Heeg, C.; Queiroz, R.; Bauer, A.; Wirtz, M.; Hell, R.
Mitochondrial serine acetyltransferase functions as pacemaker of cysteine synthesis in plant cells
Plant Physiol.
148
1055-1067
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Tabe, L.; Wirtz, M.; Molvig, L.; Droux, M.; Hell, R.
Overexpression of serine acetlytransferase produced large increases in O-acetylserine and free cysteine in developing seeds of a grain legume
J. Exp. Bot.
61
721-733
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Krueger, S.; Niehl, A.; Lopez Martin, M.C.; Steinhauser, D.; Donath, A.; Hildebrandt, T.; Romero, L.C.; Hoefgen, R.; Gotor, C.; Hesse, H.
Analysis of cytosolic and plastidic serine acetyltransferase mutants and subcellular metabolite distributions suggests interplay of the cellular compartments for cysteine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell Environ.
32
349-367
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42538), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Xiang, X.; Wu, Y.; Planta, J.; Messing, J.; Leustek, T.
Overexpression of serine acetyltransferase in maize leaves increases seed-specific methionine-rich zeins
Plant Biotechnol. J.
16
1057-1067
2018
Zea mays (A0A3L6DLJ7), Zea mays, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42588), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda