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acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + phosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
lysophosphatidylcholine + acyl-CoA
phosphatidylcholine + CoA
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
quantification of palmitic acid by gas chromatography
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
i.e. 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
palmitoyl-CoA + 2-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
reaction of EC 2.3.1.62
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + arachidonoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine + CoA
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + linolenoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-alpha-linolenoylphosphatidylcholine + CoA
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + linoleoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine + CoA
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine + oleoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine + CoA
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylethanolamine + arachidonoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine + CoA
-
-
-
?
1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + arachidonoyl-CoA
1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylserine + CoA
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 2-acyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + phosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
preferred substrate
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine
-
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylserine
-
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
preferred reaction
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 2-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1-arachidonoyl-2-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
low activity, cf. EC 2.3.1.62
-
-
?
docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-arachidonoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
docosahexanoyl-CoA + 1-octadecenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-octadecenyl-2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
reaction of EC 2.3.1.25
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol
-
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + lyso-phosphatidylcholine
CoA + phosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + lyso-platelet-activating factor
CoA + platelet-activating factor
-
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
stearoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
stearoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
LYCAT introduces stearic acid predominantly at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), cf. EC 2.3.1.62
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
specificity of enzyme LPCAT1 for lyso-PC as an acyl acceptor
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
quantification of palmitic acid by gas chromatography
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme synthesizes phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant and plays a pivotal role in respiratory physiology and in membrane biogenesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme synthesizes phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant and plays a pivotal role in respiratory physiology and in membrane biogenesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
LPCAT1 shows a clear preference for saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, and 1-myristoyl- or 1-palmitoyl-LPC as acyl donors and acceptors, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
LPCAT1 shows a clear preference for saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, and 1-myristoyl- or 1-palmitoyl-LPC as acyl donors and acceptors, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, LPCAT prefers lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate over lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, or lysophosphatidylglycerol, and prefers palmitoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA as the acyl donor, the enzyme is involved in synthesis of membrane surfactant proteins and regulation of surfactant phospholipid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, LPCAT prefers lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate over lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, or lysophosphatidylglycerol, and prefers palmitoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA as the acyl donor, the enzyme is involved in synthesis of membrane surfactant proteins and regulation of surfactant phospholipid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme LPCAT1 directly interacts with StarD10 protein, amino acids 79-271 of LPCAT1 and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain of START domain-containing protein 10 (StarD10) are sufficient for this interaction. The enzyme also interacts with StarD7-I but not StarD7-II or StarD2/PCTP transfer protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT1 introduces palmitic acid both at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of palmitoyl-LPC
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT1 introduces palmitic acid both at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of palmitoyl-LPC
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT1 introduces palmitic acid both at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of palmitoyl-LPC
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat1 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat1 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat1 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
histone H4 protein is subject to palmitoylation catalyzed by Lpcat1 in a calcium-regulated manner. Cytosolic Lpcat1 shifts into the nucleus in lung epithelia in response to exogenous Ca2+. Nuclear Lpcat1 colocalizes with and binds to histone H4, where it catalyzes histone H4 palmitoylation. Residue Ser47 within histone H4 serves as a putative acceptor site, indicative of Lpcat1-mediated O-palmitoylation. Lpcat1 knock-down or expression of a histone H4 Ser47A mutant protein in cells decreases cellular mRNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
a linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine generated by Prdx6 PLA2 activity remains bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
a linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine generated by Prdx6 PLA2 activity remains bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT4 has lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase as well as LPCAT activity. LPCAT uses lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as a substrate to generate phosphatidylcholine. Preference of LPCAT4 for oleoyl-CoA during chondrogenic differentiation. LPCAT4 does not prefer linoleoyl-, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-, or docosahexaenoyl-CoA. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of whole cell lysates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT3 introduces arachidonic acid predominantly at the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT3 introduces arachidonic acid predominantly at the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LPCAT3 introduces arachidonic acid predominantly at the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LYCAT introduces stearic acid predominantly at the sn-1 position of LPG. The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LYCAT introduces stearic acid predominantly at the sn-1 position of LPG. The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
development and evaluation of an accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases, overview. Positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. LYCAT introduces stearic acid predominantly at the sn-1 position of LPG. The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 biosynthesizes phosphatidylcholine with arachidonic acid. LPCAT3 can also produce phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine with arachidonic acid
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 biosynthesizes phosphatidylcholine with arachidonic acid. LPCAT3 can also produce phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine with arachidonic acid
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 biosynthesizes phosphatidylcholine with arachidonic acid. LPCAT3 can also produce phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine with arachidonic acid
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
mouse LPEAT2 (mLPEAT2) has LPEAT, LPCAT, and LPGAT activities using 22:6-CoA as a donor. mLPEAT2 shows significant activities for both acyl and alkenyl species
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat2 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat2 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme Lpcat2 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine
dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + 2-acyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-lysophosphatidylglycerol
-
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine
preferred substrate
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme synthesizes phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant and plays a pivotal role in respiratory physiology and in membrane biogenesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme synthesizes phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant and plays a pivotal role in respiratory physiology and in membrane biogenesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme LPCAT1 directly interacts with StarD10 protein, amino acids 79-271 of LPCAT1 and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain of START domain-containing protein 10 (StarD10) are sufficient for this interaction. The enzyme also interacts with StarD7-I but not StarD7-II or StarD2/PCTP transfer protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
histone H4 protein is subject to palmitoylation catalyzed by Lpcat1 in a calcium-regulated manner. Cytosolic Lpcat1 shifts into the nucleus in lung epithelia in response to exogenous Ca2+. Nuclear Lpcat1 colocalizes with and binds to histone H4, where it catalyzes histone H4 palmitoylation. Residue Ser47 within histone H4 serves as a putative acceptor site, indicative of Lpcat1-mediated O-palmitoylation. Lpcat1 knock-down or expression of a histone H4 Ser47A mutant protein in cells decreases cellular mRNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
a linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine generated by Prdx6 PLA2 activity remains bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
a linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine generated by Prdx6 PLA2 activity remains bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT3 is critical for introduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position of various LPLs, generating various types of arachidonoyl phospholipids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LPCAT4 has lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase as well as LPCAT activity. LPCAT uses lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as a substrate to generate phosphatidylcholine. Preference of LPCAT4 for oleoyl-CoA during chondrogenic differentiation. LPCAT4 does not prefer linoleoyl-, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-, or docosahexaenoyl-CoA. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of whole cell lysates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
LYCAT introduces stearic acid (18:0) selectively at the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). The enzyme also catalyzes the reacylation of lysocardiolipin to cardiolipin
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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evolution
the enzyme belongs to the MBOAT family
metabolism
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT). Dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle
malfunction
LPCAT1 gene-trapped mice show decreased lung saturated phosphatidylcholine and higher perinatal mortality due to respiratory failure. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model. Retinal degeneration and defects in visual function are also reported in a mouse strain containing a mutation in LPCAT1, rd11, reduced retinal dipalmitoyl-PC contents in mutant mice, reproducing the similar observation in the lung
malfunction
LPCAT1 knockdown enhances polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-induced cytotoxicity. In LPCAT1 knockout mice, DPPC level is reduced and UPR is activated in the retina. In a study of rd11 mice in which there is a natural loss-of-function of LPCAT1, the level of DPPC in the retina is decreased, resulting in retinal degeneration
physiological function
generation of mice bearing a hypomorphic allele of isoform Lpcat1. Newborn Lpcat1 hypomorphic mice show varying perinatal mortality from respiratory failure, with affected animals demonstrating hallmarks of respiratory distress such as atelectasis and hyaline membranes. Lpcat1 mRNA levels are reduced in newborn Lpcat1 hypomorphic mice and directly correlate with saturated phosphatidylcholine content, LPCAT1 activity, and survival. Surfactant isolated from dead Lpcat1 hypomorphic mice fails to reduce minimum surface tension to wild-type levels. Full LPCAT1 activity is required to achieve the levels of saturated phosphatidylcholine essential for the transition to air breathing
physiological function
pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of proteins and phospholipids, plays an important role in facilitating gas exchange by maintaining alveolar stability. Saturated phosphatidylcholine, the major component of surfactant, is synthesized both de novo and by the remodeling of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine by lyso-PC acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1). After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, saturated phosphatidylcholine is routed to lamellar bodies for storage prior to secretion. The enzyme forms a transient complex with saturated phosphatidylcholine and specific phospholipid transport protein(s) to initiate trafficking of saturated phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lamellar bodies
physiological function
fatty acyl chains of membrane phospholipids are regulated by various lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). Cells respond to loading with excess polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is increased after the production of PUFA-containing phospholipids in cells loaded with PUFAs. In murine retina, in which PUFAs are highly enriched, DPPC is produced along with increase of PUFA-containing phospholipids. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is produced via LPCAT1 to protect against excess PUFA-induced cytotoxicity
physiological function
role for LPCAT1 in respiratory function: the production of surfactant phospholipids
evolution
LPLATs have been identified in the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) and 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase families. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), including isozymes LPCAT1-4, have LPLAT activities other than LPCAT activity. For example, LPCAT4 has lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase as well as LPCAT activity
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the MBOAT family
malfunction
LPCAT1 gene-trapped mice show decreased lung saturated phosphatidylcholine and higher perinatal mortality due to respiratory failure. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model. Retinal degeneration and defects in visual function are also reported in a mouse strain containing a mutation in LPCAT1, reduced retinal dipalmitoyl-PC contents in mutant mice, reproducing the similar observation in the lung
malfunction
LPCAT3 deficiency decreases arachidonic acid containing PC, PE, and PS and induces neonatal lethality due to triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and dysfunction in enterocytes. LPCAT3-KO mice show longer and bigger small intestine. In response to high-fat feeding, LPCAT3 deficiency in the intestine increases a gut hormone, GLP-1, and oleoylethanolamide. These results suggest that AA-containing PC is a key molecule in regulating dietary lipid absorption. LPCAT3 deficiency reduces cholesterol efflux in macrophages and intestine. Excess cellular cholesterol by LPCAT3 deficiency increases intestinal stem cell proliferation and promotes tumorigenesis
malfunction
LPCAT4 knockdown decreases mRNA and protein levels of chondrogenic markers as well as Alcian blue staining intensity and alkaline phosphatase activity in ATDC5 cells. Knockdown of LPCAT4 suppresses the mRNA levels of chondrogenic differentiation markers, Col10, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aggrecan, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and protein expression of Col10. LPCAT4 plays important roles during the transition of chondrocytes into hypertrophic chondrocytes and/or a mineralized phenotype. LPCAT4 knockdown inhibits hypertrophy/mineralization after a chondrogenic phenotype has been attained in ATDC5 cells
malfunction
Neuro 2A cells overexpressing LPEAT2 underwent cell death with necrotic morphology when differentiated into neuron-like cells, with supplementation with 22:6 (DHA)
malfunction
transient liver-specific knockdown of LPCAT3 in mice affects PPARdelta-mediated activation of several hepatic genes involving in fatty acid metabolism. Mice lacking LPCAT3 in the liver show reduced plasma triglycerides and hepatosteatosis and secrete lipid-poor VLDL lacking arachidonoyl phospholipids
metabolism
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT)
metabolism
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT). PAF is a potent phospholipid mediator that is biosynthesized by lyso-PAF acetyltransferase using lyso-PAF and acetyl-CoA
physiological function
-
histone H4 protein is subject to palmitoylation catalyzed by Lpcat1 in a calcium-regulated manner. Cytosolic Lpcat1 shifts into the nucleus in lung epithelia in response to exogenous Ca2+. Nuclear Lpcat1 colocalizes with and binds to histone H4, where it catalyzes histone H4 palmitoylation. Residue Ser47 within histone H4 serves as a putative acceptor site, indicative of Lpcat1-mediated O-palmitoylation. Lpcat1 knock-down or expression of a histone H4 Ser47A mutant protein in cells decrease cellular mRNA synthesis
physiological function
glycerophospholipids have important structural and functional roles in cells and are the main components of cellular membranes. Glycerophospholipids are formed via the de novo pathway (Kennedy pathway) and are subsequently matured in the remodeling pathway (Lands' cycle). Lands' cycle consists of two steps: deacylation of phospholipids by phospholipases A2 and reacylation of lysophospholipids by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). LPLATs play key roles in the maturation and maintenance of the fatty acid composition of biomembranes, and cell differentiation. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 4 is involved in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells into chondrocytes. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 4 (LPCAT4) mRNA expression and LPCAT enzymatic activity towards oleoyl-, linoleoyl-, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-, and docosahexaenoyl-CoA increases in the late stage of chondrogenic differentiation, when mineralization occurs. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is involved in the pathogenesis of various lung disorders, including acute respiratory distress syndrom
physiological function
hepatic lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) has critical functions in triglycerides transport and endoplasmic reticulum stress response due to its unique ability to catalyze the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids. Hepatic lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 is encoded by a target gene regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
physiological function
lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activity is expressed by peroxiredoxin 6, Prdx6, that shows a strong preference for lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as the head group and for palmitoyl CoA in the acylation reaction. The enzyme is a peroxiredoxin-6 (EC 1.11.1.27). Prdx6 also has a phospholipase A 2 (PLA2, EC 3.1.1.4) activity that plays important physiological roles in the synthesis of lung surfactant and in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes. These functions require the activity of a lysophospholipid acyl transferase as a critical component of the phospholipid remodeling pathway. A linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicates that lysophosphatidylcholine generated by Prdx6 PLA2 activity remains bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction. Prdx6 is a complete enzyme comprising both PLA2 and LPCAT activities for the remodeling pathway of PC synthesis or for repair of membrane lipid peroxidation. The remodeling pathway for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes presumably occurs at the cytoplasmic face of the affected cell membrane
physiological function
lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 2 (LPEAT2), one of the enzymes that play a role in the remodeling pathway, has been reported to have lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase (LPGAT) activities with 16:0-CoA, 18:0-CoA, and 18:1-CoA as donors. LPEAT2 incorporates docosahexanoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids and has possible functions for fatty acid-induced cell death. LPEAT2 shows endogenous LPEAT activity with 22:6-CoA, and functions in modulating 22:6/20:4 ratios of phospholipids. LPEAT2 plays a role in inducing cell death DHA-dependently. Cell death induced by DHA is dependent on mLPEAT2, insights on mechanisms of neuronal necrosis
physiological function
role for LPCAT1 in respiratory function: the production of surfactant phospholipids
physiological function
role for LPCAT3 in lipid and energy homeostasis
additional information
a constitutive type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
additional information
a constitutive type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
additional information
a constitutive type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
additional information
amino acid D31 is crucial for LPCAT activity
additional information
-
amino acid D31 is crucial for LPCAT activity
additional information
an inducible type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
additional information
an inducible type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
additional information
an inducible type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme
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C47S
site-directed mutagenesis, construction of mutant endothelial cells via lentivirus transfection. The C47S mutant protein does not express peroxidase activity, but both PLA2 and LPCAT activities are preserved
D140A
site-directed mutagenesis, construction of mutant endothelial cells via lentivirus transfection. The D140A mutant protein retains full peroxidase activity
D31A
site-directed mutagenesis, construction of mutant endothelial cells via lentivirus transfection, the mutant loses almost all LPCAT activity, but retains PLA2 activity
H129A
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a residue in AGPAT motif I (HxxxxD), the mutant shows no LPEAT activity
H26A
site-directed mutagenesis, breeding of H26A Prdx6 knock-in mutant mice, the final targeting construct is linearized, sequence verified, and electroporated into C57Bl/6J ES cells (EAP6 ES cells) for insertion of the mutant sequences into the mouse genome by homologous recombination, positive clones are used for blastocyst injection into CD-1/BALB/c mice, chimeric H26A Prdx6 mice are bred to C57Bl/6J wild-type mice and the resulting heterozygotic mice are bred to homozygosity. The H26A mutant retains the ability to reduce short chain hydroperoxides, but cannot reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, as they do not bind to the phospholipid substrate
S32A
site-directed mutagenesis, the S32A mutant retains the ability to reduce short chain hydroperoxides, but cannot reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, as they do not bind to the phospholipid substrate
additional information
construction of LPCAT1 knockout mice
additional information
-
construction of LPCAT1 knockout mice
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model
additional information
construction of a LPCAT knockout mutant
additional information
-
construction of a LPCAT knockout mutant
additional information
construction of LPCAT3-deficient mutant mice, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of LPCAT3-deficient mutant mice, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of LPCAT3-deficient mutant mice, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines
additional information
construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines
additional information
enzyme knockout in Neuro 2A cells via expression of mLPEAT2-siRNA
additional information
isozyme LPCAT4 is silenced in in ATDC5 cells, ATDC5 cells are transfected with LPCAT4 siRNA. LPCAT4 siRNA-transfected cells maintain viability 24 h after transfection. The transfected ATDC5 cells are cultured in alpha-MEM with ascorbic acid and ITS to induce chondrogenic differentiation. LPCAT4 siRNA transfection specifically suppresses mRNA expression of LPCAT4, without affecting LPCAT1-3 transcript levels, on day 15 after transfection. In control siRNA-transfected cells, LPCAT4 transcripts increase during chondrogenic differentiation. Knockdown of LPCAT4 does not change LPCAT enzymatic activity and the percentage of phosphatidylcholine species. Knockdown of LPCAT4 suppressed the mRNA expression of the chondrogenic differentiation markers, Col10, ALP, aggrecan, and TGF-beta and protein expression of Col10 on day 15 after transfection. The expression of Col2, Sox9, and Runx2 does not change. The knockdown of LPCAT4 suppresses the mRNA expression of BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7 during chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells
additional information
transient liver-specific knockdown of LPCAT3 in mice affecting PPARdelta-mediated activation of several hepatic genes involving in fatty acid metabolism, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
transient liver-specific knockdown of LPCAT3 in mice affecting PPARdelta-mediated activation of several hepatic genes involving in fatty acid metabolism, phenotype, overview
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