Any feedback?
Information on EC 2.1.1.28 - phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession P40935
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.1.1.28Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.1.1.28 phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
Acts on various phenylethanolamines; converts noradrenaline into adrenaline.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 2.1.1.28
- catecholamine
- medulla
- hydroxylase
-
adrenergic
- dopamine
-
chromaffin
- beta-hydroxylase
- glucocorticoid
-
sympathetic
-
rostrally
-
catecholaminergic
-
noradrenergic
-
innervation
-
ventrolateral
- hypothalamic
- corticosterone
-
catecholamine-synthesizing
- oblongata
- dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
-
pnmt-immunoreactive
- perikarya
-
tractus
-
adrenomedullary
- proenkephalin
-
dorsomedial
-
sympathoadrenal
-
intermediolateral
-
alpha2-adrenoceptor
- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
-
coeruleus
-
phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase
-
postrema
-
pnmt-ir
- medicine
-
bulbospinal
- normetanephrine
-
solitarii
- analysis
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase, hpnmt, norepinephrine n-methyltransferase, noradrenaline n-methyltransferase, s-adenosyl-l-methionine:phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase, noradrenalin n-methyltransferase, phenethanolamine n-methyltransferase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
methyltransferase, noradrenaline N-
-
-
-
-
NMT
-
-
-
-
noradrenalin methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
noradrenalin N-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
noradrenaline N-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
norepinephrin N-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
norepinephrine methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
norepinephrine N-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
phenethanolamine methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
PNMT
PNMT
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
methyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Acts on various phenylethanolamines; converts noradrenaline into adrenaline.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9037-68-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase GRE plays a necessary, but not sufficient role in the transcriptional aspects to the control mechanism. Analyses implicate the participation of sequences in the distal 5´promoter of this gene.
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + norepinephrine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + epinephrine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + norepinephrine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + epinephrine
-
epinephrine is an important neurotransmitter and hormone, and epinephrine is required for normal blood pressure and cardiac filling responses to stress, but is not required for tachycardia during stress or normal cardiovascular function at rest
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + norepinephrine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + epinephrine
-
epinephrine is an important neurotransmitter and hormone, and epinephrine is required for normal blood pressure and cardiac filling responses to stress, but is not required for tachycardia during stress or normal cardiovascular function at rest
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase GRE plays a necessary, but not sufficient role in the transcriptional aspects to the control mechanism. Analyses implicate the participation of sequences in the distal 5´promoter of this gene.
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels are 30fold increased by dexamethasone. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cpt-cAMP each exert negligible influence on baseline phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels. cAMP effectively blocks dexamethasone induction of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA.
-
pheochromocytomas are tumors of adrenal chromaffin cells. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels are markedly increased by glucocorticoid administration. Dexamethasone elicites approximately 800fold increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L cells and approximately 75fold increases for mouse pheochromocytoma 10/9CR1 cells. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cpt-cAMP alone each produce little or no change in baseline phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels. In both cell lines, dexamethasone-stimulated increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltranferase mRNA levels are reduced approximately 90% by prior tratment with cAMP. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduces dexamethasone effects on phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels by 40% in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L cells, while not supressing the dexamethasone response in mouse pheochromocytoma 10/9CRC1 cells. Pretreatment with cAMP and afterwards treatment with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor before additon of dexamethasone reduced phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L and 10/9CRC1 cells to 0.1% and 5.5% of their corresponding DEX induced maxima.
-
higher levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in stellate ganglia of mice compared with rats. There are differences in noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration in stellate ganglia between wild type and knock out mice under basal and under stress conditons. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA is present in stellate ganglia. There is an increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels in stellate ganglia of WT mice after exposure to single and also an increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA and protein levels after repeated immobilization compared with the unstressed control group. In corticotropin-releasing hormone knockout mice, no increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression and protein level occurs either after single or after repeated immobilization stress exposure.
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). PNMT_MOUSE
295
0
32544
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
construction of enzyme knockout mutant mice, that show resting cardiovascular function, including blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output similar to that in wild-type mice, and the basal norepinephrine plasma level is unaltered. However, inhibition of sympathetic innervation with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium causes a 54% smaller decrease in blood pressure in KO mice compared to wild-type mice, and treadmill exercise causes an 11% higher increase in blood pressure, both suggesting impaired vasodilation in KO mice, the enzyme knockout does not change the heart rate response to ganglionic blockade and exercise. KO mice have an increased ratio of left ventricular posterior wall thickness to internal dimensions but do not have cardiac hypertrophy, in restrained, awake KO mice, heart rate and ejection fraction remain unaltered, but cardiac output is significantly reduced because of diminished end-diastolic volume, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
construction of PNMT promoter constructs using nested deletion constructs treated with DEX or sequentially with GDNF/cAMP/DEX, the suppression of PNMT induction is reversible
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression analysis, transcriptional response of the PNMT gene to GDNF and cpt-cAMP involves distal portions of the PNMT promoter, transient expression of PNMT promoter constructs in MPC 10/9CRC1 cultures
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Warthan, M.D.; Freeman, J.G.; Loesser, K.E.; Lewis, C.W.; Hong, M.; Conway, C.M.; Stewart, J.K.
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression in mouse thymus and spleen
Brain Behav. Immun.
16
493-499
2002
Mus musculus (P40935)
Kvetnansky, R.; Kubovcakova, L.; Tillinger, A.; Micutkova, L.; Krizanova, O.; Sabban, E.L.
Gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in corticotropin-releasing hormone knockout mice during stress exposure
Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.
26
735-754
2006
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Evinger, M.J.; Powers, J.F.; Tischler, A.S.
Transcriptional silencing of glucocorticoid-inducible phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression by sequential signaling events
Exp. Cell Res.
313
772-781
2007
Mus musculus
Bao, X.; Lu, C.M.; Liu, F.; Gu, Y.; Dalton, N.D.; Zhu, B.Q.; Foster, E.; Chen, J.; Karliner, J.S.; Ross, J.; Simpson, P.C.; Ziegler, M.G.
Epinephrine is required for normal cardiovascular responses to stress in the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase knockout mouse
Circulation
116
1024-1031
2007
Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57BL/6
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.1.1.28)
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
