Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24(28)-methylene cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24(28)-ethylidene cycloartenol
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24(28)-methylene lophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24(28)-ethylidene lophenol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4alpha-methyl zymosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
60% of the effectiveness of 24(28)-methylene lophenol
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylenecycloartanol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cyclolaudenol + 24(28)-methylene cycloartanol
reaction of EC 2.1.1.142
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ergosta-7,24(28)-dienol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
equally effective as 24(28)-methylene lophenol
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fecosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
equally effective as 24(28)-methylene lophenol
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + lanosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24beta-methyl lanosta-8,25(27)-enol + 24(28)-methylene lanosterol
reaction of EC 2.1.1.142
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + lanosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
-
12.4% of the activity with 24-methylenelophenol
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + obtusifoliol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + zymosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
70% of the effectiveness of 24(28)-methylene lophenol
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + zymosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + fecosterol
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + zymosterol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + fecosterol + episterol + stigmasta-8,24-dienol + DELTA7-avenasterol
-
5.2% of the activity with 24-methylenelophenol
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme catalyzes both the reactions of EC 2.1.1.142, cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.143, 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase. SMT1 catalyzes a sterol methylation pathway by the algal Delta25(27)-olefin route, where methylation proceeds by a conserved SN2 reaction and deprotonation proceeds from the pro-Z methyl group on lanosterol corresponding to C27
-
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24(28)-methylene lophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24(28)-ethylidene lophenol
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24(28)-methylene lophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24(28)-ethylidene lophenol
best substrate
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylenecycloartanol
-
6% of the activity with 24-methylenelophenol
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylenecycloartanol
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylenecycloartanol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + obtusifoliol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
-
11.9% of the activity with 24-methylenelophenol
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + obtusifoliol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylene-cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-ethylidenelophenol
-
second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
0.077 - 0.25
24(28)-methylene cycloartanol
0.00001 - 0.00002
25-Azacycloartenol
0.077
24(28)-methylene cycloartanol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.116
24(28)-methylene cycloartanol
substrate 24(28)-methylene lophenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.25
24(28)-methylene cycloartanol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.00001
25-Azacycloartenol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.00002
25-Azacycloartenol
substrate 24(28)-methylene lophenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.00002
25-Azacycloartenol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.1
sitosterol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.154
sitosterol
substrate 24(28)-methylene lophenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.2
sitosterol
substrate cycloartenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
0.297
sitosterol
substrate 24(28)-methylene lophenol, pH 7.5, 35°C
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
evolution
-
SMT2 and SMT3 genes are highly homologous and encode highly similar sterol 24-carbon methyltransferases
malfunction
-
deficiency of SMT2 in the cvp1 mutant results in moderate developmental defects, including aberrant cotyledon vein patterning, serrated floral organs, and reduced stature, but plants are viable, suggesting that SMT3 activity can substitute for the loss of SMT2, overview. Mutation in both SMT2 and SMT3 causes extreme alteration in sterol composition, sterol profiles of smt mutants, overview. Mutants deficient in both SMT1 and SMT2 are embryo lethal. Phenotypes, detailed overview
metabolism
-
SMT2 and SMT3 are involved in the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway, overview
metabolism
SMT2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in channeling the carbon flux downstream towards C-24 alkyl sterol synthesis
physiological function
SMT isoform expression determines specific C24-methyl to C24-ethyl ratios to flowering whereas with seed development there is a disconnection such that the SMT transcript levels decrease against an increase in sterol content. Generally SMT2-2 is expressed more than SMT2-1 or SMT1
physiological function
-
gene SMT2 encodes a C-24 SMT, that catalyzes the reaction that distinguishes the synthesis of structural sterols from signaling brassinosteroid derivatives and is highly regulated. Distinct developmental roles of SMT2 and SMT3, SMT3, which also encodes a C-24 SMT, overview
physiological function
SMT-1 and SMT-2 play a role in regulation of 24-alkyl sterol-controlled plant physiology. The reaction catalyzed by the SMT2 enzyme diverts carbon flux towards the C-24 ethyl sterols, which represents the final segment of phytosterol biosynthesis. SMT-2 plays a role in seed sterol accumulation
physiological function
-
bread wheat genome (AABBDD) contains at least three homoeologous genes encoding C24-sterol methyltransferase 1 named as SMT1-5A, TaSMT1-4B and SMT1-4D, respectively.. TaSMT1-5A is constitutively expressed in the roots and leaves, while TaSMT1-4D gene is highly stress-responsive
physiological function
SMT2-1 overexpression leads to changes of phytosterol content and the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol in fiber cell. At the rapid elongation stage of fiber cell, total phytosterol and sitosterol contents are increased while campesterol content is decreased in transgenic fibers. The ratio of campesterol to sitosterol declines strikingly. The transgenic fibers are shorter and thicker than control fibers. Exogenous application of sitosterol or campesterol inhibits control fiber cell elongation in cotton ovule culture system in vitro. Campesterol treatment partially rescues fiber elongation in overexpressing plants
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Y83F
-
Km-value for 24-methylenelophenol is identical to wild-type value, turnover number is 5fold higher than wild-type value
Y83L
-
inactive mutant enzyme
additional information
generation of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing gene SMT-2 from Glycine max under control of the CaMV S35 promoter, functional complementation of SMT deficient cvp1 mutant Arabidopsis plants. Role of SMT2 in Arabidopsis seed sterol accumulation, changes in the total sterol content in transgenic seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
generation of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing gene SMT-2 from Glycine max under control of the CaMV S35 promoter, functional complementation of SMT deficient cvp1 mutant Arabidopsis plants. Role of SMT2 in Arabidopsis seed sterol accumulation, changes in the total sterol content in transgenic seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
generation of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing gene SMT-2 from Glycine max under control of the CaMV S35 promoter, functional complementation of SMT deficient cvp1 mutant Arabidopsis plants. Role of SMT2 in Arabidopsis seed sterol accumulation, changes in the total sterol content in transgenic seeds, phenotypes, overview
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Bouvier-Nave, P.; Husselstein, T.; Desprez, T.; Benveniste, P.
Identification of cDNAs encoding sterol methyl-transferases involved in the second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis
Eur. J. Biochem.
246
518-529
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum
brenda
Bouvier-Nave, P.; Husselstein, T.; Benveniste, P.
Two families of sterol methyltransferases are involved in the first and the second methylation steps of plant sterol biosynthesis
Eur. J. Biochem.
256
88-96
1998
Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa
brenda
Schaeffer, A.; Bronner, R.; Benveniste, P.; Schaller, H.
The ratio of campesterol to sitosterol that modulates growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by sterol methyltransferase 2;1
Plant J.
25
605-615
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Carland, F.M.; Fujioka, S.; Takatsuto, S.; Yoshida, S.; Nelson, T.
The identification of CVP1 reveals a role for sterols in vascular patterning
Plant Cell
14
2045-2058
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Nes, W.D.; Sinha, A.; Jayasimha, P.; Zhou, W.; Song, Z.; Dennis, A.L.
Probing the sterol binding site of soybean sterol methyltransferase by site-directed mutagenesis: functional analysis of conserved aromatic amino acids in Region 1
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
448
23-30
2006
Glycine max
brenda
Neelakandan, A.K.; Song, Z.; Wang, J.; Richards, M.H.; Wu, X.; Valliyodan, B.; Nguyen, H.T.; Nes, W.D.
Cloning, functional expression and phylogenetic analysis of plant sterol 24C-methyltransferases involved in sitosterol biosynthesis
Phytochemistry
70
1982-1998
2009
Glycine max (D2D5G3), Glycine max (D2D5G4)
brenda
Neelakandan, A.K.; Nguyen, H.T.; Kumar, R.; Tran, L.S.; Guttikonda, S.K.; Quach, T.N.; Aldrich, D.L.; Nes, W.D.; Nguyen, H.T.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Glycine max sterol methyl transferase 2 genes involved in plant membrane sterol biosynthesis
Plant Mol. Biol.
74
503-518
2010
Glycine max (D2D5G3), Glycine max (D2D5G4), Glycine max
brenda
Carland, F.; Fujioka, S.; Nelson, T.
The sterol methyltransferases SMT1, SMT2, and SMT3 influence Arabidopsis development through nonbrassinosteroid products
Plant Physiol.
153
741-756
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Medina, J.M.; Rodrigues, J.C.; De Souza, W.; Atella, G.C.; Barrabin, H.
Tomatidine promotes the inhibition of 24-alkylated sterol biosynthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes
Parasitology
139
1253-1265
2012
Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania amazonensis MHOM/BR/75/Josefa
brenda
Renkova, A.; Valitova, J.; Schaller, H.; Minibayeva, F.
The homoeologous genes encoding C24-sterol methyltransferase 1 in Triticum aestivum Structural characteristics and effects of cold stress
Biol. Plant.
63
59-69
2019
Triticum aestivum
-
brenda
Niu, Q.; Tan, K.; Zang, Z.; Xiao, Z.; Chen, K.; Hu, M.; Luo, M.
Modification of phytosterol composition influences cotton fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall deposition
BMC Plant Biol.
19
208
2019
Gossypium hirsutum (B0FDL7)
brenda
Haubrich, B.; Collins, E.; Howard, A.; Wang, Q.; Snell, W.; Miller, M.; Thomas, C.; Pleasant, S.; Nes, W.
Characterization, mutagenesis and mechanistic analysis of an ancient algal sterol C24-methyltransferase Implications for understanding sterol evolution in the green lineage
Phytochemistry
113
64-72
2015
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (A8IJ34)
brenda