Information on EC 1.7.99.1 - hydroxylamine reductase

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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
1.7.99.1
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
hydroxylamine reductase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor
show the reaction diagram
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
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redox reaction
-
-
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reduction
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
Nitrogen metabolism
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nitrate assimilation
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ammonia:acceptor oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein. Reduced pyocyanine, methylene blue and flavins act as donors for the reduction of hydroxylamine. May be identical to EC 1.7.2.1, nitrite reductase (NO-forming).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
37256-42-1
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
iron-chlorin protein also catalyzes methyl viologen-linked reduction of hydroxylamine and that of nitrite at a slower rate
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
hydroxylamine reductase 1, hydroxylamine reductase 2
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
wheat, nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine reductase are distinct enzymes
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor
ammonia + oxidized acceptor
show the reaction diagram
hydroxylamine + reduced methyl viologen
ammonia + oxidized methyl viologen
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
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?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
flavoprotein, contains 0.9 nmol FAD per mg protein
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Co2+
-
can substitute for Mn2+, only 10% as effective
Mn2+
-
required for maximal activity
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Atabrine
-
hydroxylamine reductase 1
bathophenanthroline
-
50% inhibition of hydroxylamine reductase 2 at 1 mM
CO
-
with reduced benzyl viologen as electron donor, reductase 1: irreversible inhibition by light, reductase 2 : reversible inhibition by light
Cu2+
-
inhibition of dialyzed enzyme at 0.0005 mM
cyanide
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100% inhibition at 5 mM
Guanidinium chloride
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25% inhibition at 2 mM, 30% inhibition at 3 mM
hydrazine
Isonicotinic acid
-
hydroxylamine reductase 2, slight
nitrite
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oxygen
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reversible inhibition
p-chloromercuribenzoate
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47% inhibition at 0.5 mM
phenylmercuric acetate
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73% inhibition at 0.5 mM
pyruvate
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20% inhibition at 3.5 mM
Semicarbazide
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hydroxylamine reductase 2, slight
Zn2+
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inhibition of dialyzed enzyme at 0.0005 mM
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2,2'-bipyridyl
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10% stimulation at 1 mM
8-hydroxyquinoline
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5% stimulation at 1 mM
CN-
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stimulates at concentrations above 5 mM
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0075
benzyl viologen
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0.00001
FADH2
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0.0000004 - 38.9
hydroxylamine
0.000044
reduced methylene blue
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0.000012
reduced pyocyanine
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-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.8
hydroxylamine
Pyrococcus furiosus
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purified enzyme, at 70°C and pH 9.0
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
9.5
hydroxylamine
Pyrococcus furiosus
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purified enzyme, at 70°C and pH 9.0
85
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
3.7
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purified enzyme, at 70°C and pH 9.0
92
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at pH 7.5
458
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at pH 9
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
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no clear or consistent pH optima observed with hydroxylamine reductase 1 and hydroxylamine reductase 2
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain ATCC 27774 / DSM 6949)
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain ATCC 27774 / DSM 6949)
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain ATCC 27774 / DSM 6949)
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain ATCC 27774 / DSM 6949)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / DSM 644 / NCIMB 8303)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
32000
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hydroxylamine reductase 1, gel filtration
35000
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hydroxylamine reductase 2, gel filtration
51300
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2 * 51300, calculated from amino acid sequence
52000
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2 * 52000, SDS-PAGE
60000
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hydroxylamine reductase 1, gel filtration
65000
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hydroxylamine reductase 2, gel filtration
102000
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native PAGE
102600
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calculated from amino acid sequence
280000 - 320000
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gel filtration and sedimentation
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
homodimer
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2 * 51300, calculated from amino acid sequence; 2 * 52000, SDS-PAGE
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gradual concentration for 7 weeks
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
45
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20 min, 25-38% loss of activity
55
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10 min, 25-40% loss of activity
60
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10 min, 50-85% loss of activity
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-18°C, DEAE-cellulose fraction, often stable for several weeks, but unpredictable loss of activity
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0°C, 65% activity with methyl viologen after 24 hours, 40% activity with benzyl viologen after 24 hours
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Poros HQ anion-exchange column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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Show AA Sequence (3903 entries)
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.7.99.1)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)