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Information on EC 1.5.99.12 - cytokinin dehydrogenase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q9FUJ1
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1.5.99.12 cytokinin dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD). Catalyses the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is a prenyl group. Although this activity was previously thought to be catalysed by a hydrogen-peroxide-forming oxidase, this enzyme does not require oxygen for activity and does not form hydrogen peroxide. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol, methylene blue, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate and copper(II) in the presence of imidazole can act as acceptors. This enzyme plays a part in regulating rice-grain production, with lower levels of the enzyme resulting in enhanced grain production .
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Word Map
- 1.5.99.12
- trans-zeatin
- riboside
- cis-zeatin
-
isopentenyltransferase
-
cytokinin-deficient
- agriculture
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
cytokinin oxidase, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, cytokinin dehydrogenase, osckx2, hvckx1, zmckx1, zmcko1, atckx2, atckx7, atckx3, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AtCKX2
CKX
cytokinin oxidase
cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase
isopentenyladenosine oxidase
-
-
-
-
N6-(D2-isopentenyl)adenosine oxidase
-
-
-
-
N6-isopentenylaldenine oxidase
-
-
-
-
zeatin oxidase
-
-
-
-
AtCKX2
-
seven distinct genes AtCKX1 to AtCKX7, AtCKX2 is subject of the study
cytokinin oxidase
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced acceptor
Asp162 and Glu275 involved in substrate binding
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD). Catalyses the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is a prenyl group. Although this activity was previously thought to be catalysed by a hydrogen-peroxide-forming oxidase, this enzyme does not require oxygen for activity and does not form hydrogen peroxide. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol, methylene blue, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate and copper(II) in the presence of imidazole can act as acceptors. This enzyme plays a part in regulating rice-grain production, with lower levels of the enzyme resulting in enhanced grain production [2].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
55326-39-1
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
kinetin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
kinetin riboside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
m-topolin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very low activity
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + 1,4-naphthoquinone
?
-
very effective electron acceptor
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
?
-
very effective electron acceptor
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + acceptor + H2O
?
-
preferred substrate of isozyme AtCKX4
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + potassium ferricyanide
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-glucoside + 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-glucoside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
i.e. iP9G, best substrate for isozyme AtCKX1 at pH 5.0, 3',5'-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone is the best acceptor
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + ferricyanide + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + ferricytochrome c + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + NAD+ + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + O2 + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-beta-D-riboside 5'-phosphate + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
adenine 9-beta-D-riboside 5'-phosphate + 3-methylbut-2-enal + ?
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-glucoside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-riboside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
-
-
-
?
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-riboside-5'-monophosphate + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
N6-(DELTA2-isopentenyl)adenine + 2,3-dimetoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
N6-methyl-isopentenyladenine + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very low activity
-
-
?
o-topolin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very low activity
-
-
?
p-topolin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very low activity
-
-
?
trans-zeatin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
trans-zeatin + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very effective substrate
-
-
?
trans-zeatin 9-glucoside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
trans-zeatin 9-riboside + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone
?
-
very effective substrate
-
-
?
N6-dimethylallyladenine + FAD + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + FADH2
enzyme catalyzes the irreversible degradation of cytokinins
-
-
ir
N6-dimethylallyladenine + FAD + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + FADH2
i.e. isopentenyladenine
-
-
ir
trans-zeatin + acceptor + H2O
?
-
preferred substrate of isozymes AtCKX4 and AtCKX1
-
-
?
trans-zeatin + FAD + H2O
adenine + ? + FADH2
enzyme catalyzes the irreversible degradation of cytokinins
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme has a regulatory role in cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin-dependent processes, influences chloroplast development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme has a regulatory role in cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin-dependent processes, influences chloroplast development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the free bases and their ribosides are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the free bases and their ribosides are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde, by controlling the cytokinin level enzyme controls proliferation and differentiation of plant cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AtCKX2 prefers p-quinones and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as electron acceptors, low reactivity with oxygen
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with vitamin K1 as electron acceptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor and substrate specificity, overview. The enzyme catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of N6-side chains from cytokinins. CKXs also show low cytokinin oxidase activity, but molecular oxygen is a comparatively poor electron acceptor. Vacuolar AtCKX enzymes in certain conditions degrade N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine di- and triphosphates two to 5times more effectively than its monophosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
acceptor and substrate specificity, overview. The enzyme catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of N6-side chains from cytokinins. CKXs also show low cytokinin oxidase activity, but molecular oxygen is a comparatively poor electron acceptor. Vacuolar AtCKX enzymes in certain conditions degrade N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine di- and triphosphates two to 5times more effectively than its monophosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
acceptor and substrate specificity, overview. The enzyme catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of N6-side chains from cytokinins. CKXs also show low cytokinin oxidase activity, but molecular oxygen is a comparatively poor electron acceptor. Vacuolar AtCKX enzymes in certain conditions degrade N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine di- and triphosphates two to 5times more effectively than its monophosphate
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
N6-dimethylallyladenine + FAD + H2O
adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + FADH2
enzyme catalyzes the irreversible degradation of cytokinins
-
-
ir
trans-zeatin + FAD + H2O
adenine + ? + FADH2
enzyme catalyzes the irreversible degradation of cytokinins
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme has a regulatory role in cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin-dependent processes, influences chloroplast development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme has a regulatory role in cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin-dependent processes, influences chloroplast development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
irreversible oxidative cleavage of the N6-side chain of cytokinins, products are adenine and side-chain derived aldehyde, by controlling the cytokinin level enzyme controls proliferation and differentiation of plant cells
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
auxin treatment induces AtCKX6 gene and increases enzyme level
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0015
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine
-
with 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone, pH 7.0, 37°C
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
5.4
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine
-
with 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone, pH 7.0, 37°C
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
additional information
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
IC50-values above 0.1 mM for 2-chloro-6-(2-hydroxyanilino)purine, 2-chloro-6-(4-hydroxyanilino)purine, 2-chloro-6-(2-methoxyanilino)purine, 2-chloro-6-(4-methoxyanilino)purine, 2-methylthio-6-(3-methoxyanilino)purine and 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyanilino)-9-isopropylpurine, no inhibition observed for 6-anilinopurine and trans-zeatin
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0052
-
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine + 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone, pH 7.0, 37°C
additional information
-
specific activities given for all possible reactant pairs
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
isozyme AtCKX1 is expressed in all plant organs
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
secretion pathway, enzymes AtCKX2, and AtCKX3-AtCKX6
-
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
the CKX gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises seven members
malfunction
-
overexpression of the AtCKX genes in tobacco leads to shoot senescence, an increase of the root meristem zone, and enhanced formation of lateral roots
physiological function
physiological function
-
the enzyme catalyzes the irreversible degradation of cytokinin phytohormones that are extremely necessary for growth, development, and differentiation of plants. Cytokinin oxidase plays an important role in the regulation of levels of cytokinin hormones, the enzyme directly influences cytokinin-regulated physiological processes in plants
physiological function
transgenic barley overexpressing the cytokinin dehydrogenase gene CKX1 shows greater tolerance to drought stress
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CKX7_ARATH
524
0
57976
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
53300
-
x * 61000, SDS-PAGE, weak bands also at 75000 Da and100000 Da, x * 53300, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
56500
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
57400
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
57900
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
58080
x * 92000, SDS-PAGE, x * 59720, sequence calculation, x * 58080, mass spectrometry
58100
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
59400
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
59720
x * 92000, SDS-PAGE, x * 59720, sequence calculation, x * 58080, mass spectrometry
59900
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
61000
-
x * 61000, SDS-PAGE, weak bands also at 75000 Da and100000 Da, x * 53300, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
64290
x * 97000, SDS-PAGE, x * 65050, sequence calculation, x * 64290, mass spectrometry
64900
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
65050
x * 97000, SDS-PAGE, x * 65050, sequence calculation, x * 64290, mass spectrometry
92000
x * 92000, SDS-PAGE, x * 59720, sequence calculation, x * 58080, mass spectrometry
97000
x * 97000, SDS-PAGE, x * 65050, sequence calculation, x * 64290, mass spectrometry
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
x * 61000, SDS-PAGE, weak bands also at 75000 Da and100000 Da, x * 53300, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
?
x * 64900, AtCKX1, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57400, AtCKX2, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59400, AtCKX3, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 58100, AtCKX4, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 59900, AtCKX5, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 56500, AtCKX6, amino acid sequence calculation, x * 57900, AtCKX7, amino acid sequence calculation
?
x * 92000, SDS-PAGE, x * 59720, sequence calculation, x * 58080, mass spectrometry
?
x * 97000, SDS-PAGE, x * 65050, sequence calculation, x * 64290, mass spectrometry
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
glycoprotein
glycoprotein
enzyme amino acid sequences encoded by the 7 distinct genes in Arabidopsis contain 3 to 8 putative glycosylation sites, overview
glycoprotein
-
three N-glycosylation sites, glycosylation of the enzyme can explain the difference between theoretical and experimental weight
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing ArCKX1, AtCKX5, or AtCKX6 shows increased enzyme activity and reduced cytokinin content phenotype, phenotypic effects of enzyme overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, overview
additional information
-
transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing ArCKX1, AtCKX5, or AtCKX6 shows increased enzyme activity and reduced cytokinin content phenotype, phenotypic effects of enzyme overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, overview
additional information
-
overexpression of the AtCKX genes in tobacco leading to shoot senescence, an increase of the root meristem zone, and enhanced formation of lateral roots
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant vacuolar His-tagged isozyme AtCKX1 41.7fold from Pichia pastoris by ultrafiltration, hydrophobic interaction and hydroxyapatite chromatography, followed by nickel affinity chromatography and another step of hydrophobic interaction chromatography
recombinant vacuolar isozyme AtCKX3 18fold from Pichia pastoris by ultrafiltration, hydroxyapatite chromatography, nickel affinity chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography and another step of hydrophobic interaction chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
7 distinct genes, AtCKX1-AtCKX7, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, functional expression of AtCKX2 and AtCKX4 in Pichia pastoris, Physcomitrella patens, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the recombinant enzymes are located in protoplasts or are secreted to the medium, overview, phylogenetic analysis
expressed in Physcomitrella patens protoplasts, expression of the AtCKX2 gene results in an up to 27fold increase of activity compared with wild type Physcomitrella patens, expression of AtCKX2 results in a significant decrease of cytokinin level and morphological changes such as altered morphology of filaments, impaired budding, and loss of sexual reproductivity
expression of cytosolic isozyme AtCKX7 in Escherichia coli and intracellularly in Pichia pastoris
expression of vacuolar His-tagged isozyme AtCKX1 in Pichia pastoris
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Schmulling, T.; Werner, T.; Riefler, M.; Krupkova, E.; Bartrina y Manns, I.
Structure and function of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes of maize, rice, Arabidopsis and other species
J. Plant Res.
116
241-252
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FUJ3), Arabidopsis thaliana, Dendrobium hybrid cultivar (Q9FE45), Dictyostelium discoideum, Hordeum vulgare (Q8H6F6), Nicotiana tabacum, no activity in Physcomitrella patens, no activity in Pichia pastoris, no activity in Prochlorococcus marinus, no activity in Raphanus sativus, no activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, no activity in Synechocystis sp., no activity in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Nostoc sp., Oryza sativa, Phaseolus sp., Rhodococcus fascians, Zea mays (Q9T0N8), Zea mays
Frebortova, J.; Galuszka, P.; Werner, T.; Schmulling, T.; Frebort, I.
Functional expression and purification of cytokinin dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCKX2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Biol. Plant.
51
673-682
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
Carabelli, M.; Possenti, M.; Sessa, G.; Ciolfi, A.; Sassi, M.; Morelli, G.; Ruberti, I.
Canopy shade causes a rapid and transient arrest in leaf development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
Genes Dev.
21
1863-1868
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
von Schwartzenberg, K.; Nunez, M.F.; Blaschke, H.; Dobrev, P.I.; Novak, O.; Motyka, V.; Strnad, M.
Cytokinins in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens: Analyses of activity, distribution, and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase overexpression reveal the role of extracellular cytokinins
Plant Physiol.
145
786-800
2007
Physcomitrium patens, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FUJ3)
Bae, E.; Bingman, C.A.; Bitto, E.; Aceti, D.J.; Phillips, G.N.
Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana cytokinin dehydrogenase
Proteins
70
303-306
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FUJ1), Arabidopsis thaliana
Zatloukal, M.; Gemrotova, M.; Dolezal, K.; Havlicek, L.; Spichal, L.; Strnad, M.
Novel potent inhibitors of A. thaliana cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
16
9268-9275
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Avalbaev, A.M.; Somov, K.A.; Yuldashev, R.A.; Shakirova, F.M.
Cytokinin oxidase is key enzyme of cytokinin degradation
Biochemistry (Moscow)
77
1354-1361
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrium patens, Populus sp., Zea mays, Selaginella moellendorffii
Kowalska, M.; Galuszka, P.; Frebortova, J.; Sebela, M.; Beres, T.; Hluska, T.; Smehilova, M.; Bilyeu, K.D.; Frebort, I.
Vacuolar and cytosolic cytokinin dehydrogenases of Arabidopsis thaliana: heterologous expression, purification and properties
Phytochemistry
71
1970-1978
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (O22213), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LTS3)
Pospisilova, H.; Jiskrova, E.; Vojta, P.; Mrizova, K.; Kokas, F.; Cudejkova, M.M.; Bergougnoux, V.; Plihal, O.; Klimesova, J.; Novak, O.; Dzurova, L.; Frebort, I.; Galuszka, P.
Transgenic barley overexpressing a cytokinin dehydrogenase gene shows greater tolerance to drought stress
New Biotechnol.
33
692-705
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22213), Arabidopsis thaliana
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