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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Geobacillus stearothermophilus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
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alpha-keto beta-methylvalerate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-isoleucine + H2O + NAD+
yield: 95%
-
-
?
alpha-ketocaproate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-norleucine + H2O + NAD+
yield: 80%
-
-
?
alpha-ketoisocaproate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-leucine + H2O + NAD+
yield: 92.5%
-
-
?
alpha-ketoisovalerate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-valine + H2O + NAD+
yield: 90%
-
-
?
alpha-ketovalerate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-norvaline + H2O + NAD+
yield: 92%
-
-
?
2-keto-beta-methylvalerate + NH3 + NADH
? + H2O + NAD+
-
as active as 2-ketoisocaproate, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
2-keto-gamma-methylthiobutanoate + NH3 + NADH
L-Met + H2O + NAD+
-
15% of the activity with 2-ketoisocaproate, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
2-ketobutyrate + NH3 + NADH
L-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + NAD+
-
47% of the activity with 2-ketoisocaproate, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
2-ketoisocaproate + NH3 + NADH
L-Ile + H2O + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
2-ketovalerate + NH3 + NADH
L-norvaline + H2O + NAD+
-
86% of the activity with 2-ketoisocaproate, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
2-oxo-4-methylselenobutyrate + NH3 + NADH
L-selenomethionine + H2O + NAD+
-
-
-
?
2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-norleucine + H2O + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
L-Ile + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
L-Met + H2O + NAD+
4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + NH3 + NADH + H+
L-norleucine + H2O + NAD+
? + NH3 + NADH
-
14% the activity with L-Leu, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
L-norvaline + H2O + NAD+
2-ketovalerate + NH3 + NADH
-
56% the activity with L-Leu, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
L-Phe + H2O + NAD+
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH
-
no activity of wild-type enzyme activity with mutant enzymes A113G, A113G/V291L
-
-
?
L-Val + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH
L-Phe + H2O + NAD+
-
15% of the activity with 2-ketoisocaproate, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of the chimeric enzyme consisting of an amino-terminal domain of phenylalanine dehydrogenase and a carboxy-terminal domain of leucine dehydrogenase
-
-
?
L-Ile + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
73% of the activity with L-Leu
-
-
r
L-Ile + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
54% of the activity with L-Leu, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Leu + H2O + NAD+
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
-
-
r
L-Met + H2O + NAD+
4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + NH3 + NADH + H+
-
no activity
-
-
?
L-Met + H2O + NAD+
4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + NH3 + NADH + H+
-
0.7% the activity with L-Leu, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
L-Val + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
98% of the activity with L-Leu
-
r
L-Val + H2O + NAD+
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH
-
39% of the activity with L-Leu, wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
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A94E
proportion of residual activity of A94E is 19% of that of wild type after incubation at 70 °C for 10 min
Y127N
proportion of residual activity of Y127N is 27% of that of wild type after incubation at 70 °C for 10 min
A113G
-
mutant enzyme with altered substrate specificity. 17.9fold decrease in turnover number for L-Leu, 1.2fold decrease in turnover-number for L-Ile, 13.8fold increase in turnover number of L-norleucine, 1.7fold decrease in turnover-number for L-norvaline, 3fold decrease in turnover number for alpha-keto-isocaproate, 1.2fold decrease in turnover number for alpha-ketocaproate, 1.3fold increase in turnover number for alpha-ketocaproate, 3.6fold decrease in Km-value for L-Leu, 3.3fold increase in Km-value for L-Ile, 1.1fold decrease in Km-value for L-norleucine, 3.5fold increase in Km-value for L-norvaline, 1.9fold increase in Km-value for alpha-keto-isocaproate, 2.5fold increase in Km-value for alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, 2.4fold decrease in Km-value for alpha-ketocaproate, 1.2fold increase in Km-value for NAD+, 1.2fold increase in Km-value for NADH as compared to wild-type enzyme. L-Ethionine and L-Phe are not substrates of the wild-type enzyme but are deaminated by mutant enzyme. Phenylpyruvate is not a substrate of the wild-type enzyme, but is aminated by mutant enzyme
A113G/V291L
-
mutant enzyme with altered substrate specificity. 67.6fold decrease in turnover number for L-Leu, 20fold decrease in turnover-number for L-Ile, 2.2fold decrease in turnover number of L-norleucine, 44.8fold decrease in turnover-number for L-norvaline, 9.7fold decrease in turnover number for alpha-keto-isocaproate, 7.6fold decrease in turnover number for alpha-ketocaproate, 4.6fold decrease in turnover number for alpha-ketocaproate, 6.9fold increase in Km-value for L-Leu, 13.8fold increase in Km-value for L-Ile, 5.5fold increase in Km-value for L-norleucine, 9fold increase in Km-value for L-norvaline, 34fold increase in Km-value for alpha-keto-isocaproate, 18.2fold increase in Km-value for alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, 6fold increase in Km-value for alpha-ketocaproate, 4.4fold increase in Km-value for NAD+, 2fold decrease in Km-value for NADH as compared to wild-type enzyme. L-Ethionine and L-Phe are not substrates of the wild-type enzyme but are deaminated by mutant enzyme. Phenylpyruvate is not a substrate of the wild-type enzyme, but is aminated by mutant enzyme
G77A
-
turnover numver in oxidative deamination of L-Leu is 36% of that of the wild-type enzyme. In reductive amination the turnover number is comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme. The Km-value for 2-oxoisohexanoate is 6.3fold higher and the Km-value for NH4+ is 2.8fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme shows lowered unfolding temperature compared with the wild-type enzyme. Faster degradation than wild-type enzyme after incubation at 37°C for 15 h with trypsin or subtilisin at a protease-to-substrate ratio of 1:1
G78A
-
turnover number in oxidative deamination of L-Leu is 5.4% of that of the wild-type enzyme. In reductive amination the turnover number is comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme. The Km-value for 2-oxoisohexanoate is 8.8fold higher and the Km-value for NH4+ is 10fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme shows lowered unfolding temperature compared with the wild-type enzyme. Faster degradation than wild-type enzyme after incubation at 37°C for 15 h with trypsin or subtilisin at a protease-to-substrate ratio of 1:1
G79A
-
turnover number in oxidative deamination of L-Leu is 40% of that of the wild-type enzyme. In reductive amination the turnover number is comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme. The Km-value for 2-oxoisohexanoate is 6.4fold higher and the Km-value for NH4+ is 3.9fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme shows lowered unfolding temperature compared with the wild-type enzyme
K68A
-
nearly complete loss of activity in the oxidative deamination, marked increase in Km-values for both amino acid substrates and oxo acid substrates. An ionizable group in the wild-type enzyme with a pKa value of 10.1-10.7, which must be protonated for binding of substrate and competitive inhibitor with an alpha-carboxyl group, is unobservable in mutant enzyme
K68R
-
nearly complete loss of activity in the oxidative deamination. An ionizable group in the wild-type enzyme with a pKa value of 10.1-10.7, which must be protonated for binding of substrate and competitive inhibitor with an alpha-carboxyl group, is unobservable in mutant enzyme
K80A
-
markedly reduced activity in oxidative deamination, nearly 90% of the wild-type activity in reductive amination. Km-value for 2-oxoisohexanoate is 11fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme, Km-value for L-Leu is lower than that of the wild-type enzyme
K80Q
-
markedly reduced activity in oxidative deamination. Km-value for 2-oxoisohexanoate is 28fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme, Km-value for L-Leu is about 3times larger than that of the wild-type enzyme
K80R
-
markedly reduced activity in oxidative deamination, 0.6% of the wild-type activity in reductive amination, Km-value for L-Leu is lower than that of the wild-type enzyme
additional information
-
chimeric enzyme consisting of an amino-terminal domain of phenylalanine dehydrogenase and a carboxy-terminal domain of leucine dehydrogenase containing the NAD+-binding region, the substrate specificity of the chimeric enzyme in the reductive amination is an admixture of those of the two parent enzymes
additional information
-
construction of a fragmentary enzyme form consisting of an N-terminal polypeptide fragment corresponding to the substrate-binding domain including an N-terminus, and a C-terminal fragment corresponding to the NAD+-binding domain
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80
the residual activity of NAD+-bound form is approximately three times higher than that of the apo form after incubation at 80°C
50
-
60 min, enzyme retains more than 75% of its activity
53
-
unfolding temperature of mutant enzyme G78A
54
-
pH 7.0-9.5, 60 min, chimeric enzyme consisting of an amino-terminal domain of phenylalanine dehydrogenase and a carboxy-terminal domain of leucine dehydrogenase, stable
55
-
pH 6.0-11.0, 10 min, stable
58
-
pH 7.0-9.5, 60 min, chimeric enzyme consisting of an amino-terminal domain of phenylalanine dehydrogenase and a carboxy-terminal domain of leucine dehydrogenase, loss of activity
60
-
unfolding temperature of mutant enzyme G77A
75
-
unfolding temperature of mutant enzyme K80A
76
-
unfolding temperature of mutant enzyme G79A
79
-
unfolding temperature of mutant enzyme K80R and K80Q
70
-
20 min, enzyme retains full activity
70
-
30 min, retains full activity
80
-
5 min, substantial loss of activity
80
-
unfolding temperature of the wild-type enzyme
additional information
non-conserved residues Ala94 Tyr127, and the C-terminal region, are crucial for oligomeric thermostability
additional information
-
non-conserved residues Ala94 Tyr127, and the C-terminal region, are crucial for oligomeric thermostability
additional information
A0A0K2HC96
binding of NAD+ ioncreases thermostability. The interaction between NAD+ and Ser147 transduces a series of conformational changes that increases intermolecular interactions in the oligomer interface
additional information
-
binding of NAD+ ioncreases thermostability. The interaction between NAD+ and Ser147 transduces a series of conformational changes that increases intermolecular interactions in the oligomer interface
additional information
A0A0K2HC96
residue Ala94 undergoes a hydrophobic interaction with Ala349 in a neighboring protomer. The side chain of Tyr127 undergoes hydrophobic interaction with Ile136 in the same subunit, and an electrostatic interaction with Arg364 in a neighboring protomer. Hydrophobic packing between protomers via domain I contributes to the high thermostability
additional information
-
residue Ala94 undergoes a hydrophobic interaction with Ala349 in a neighboring protomer. The side chain of Tyr127 undergoes hydrophobic interaction with Ile136 in the same subunit, and an electrostatic interaction with Arg364 in a neighboring protomer. Hydrophobic packing between protomers via domain I contributes to the high thermostability
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Kataoka, K.; Takada, H.; Tanizawa, K.; Yoshimura, T.; Esaki, N.; Ohshima, T.; Soda, K.
Construction and characterization of chimeric enzyme consisting of an amino-terminal domain of phenylalanine dehydrogenase and a carboxy-terminal domain of leucine dehydrogenase
J. Biochem.
116
931-936
1994
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Ohshima, T.; Nagata, S.; Soda, K.
Purification and characterization of thermostable leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
Arch. Microbiol.
141
407-411
1985
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
-
brenda
Nagata, S.; Tanizawa, K.; Esaki, N.; Sakamoto, Y.; Ohshima, T.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K.
Gene cloning and sequence determination of leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and structural comparison with other NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases
Biochemistry
27
9056-9062
1988
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Oka, M.; Yang, Y.S.; Nagata, S.; Esaki, N.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K.
Overproduction of thermostable leucine dehydrogenase of Bacillus stearothermophilus and its one-step purification from recombinant cells of Escherichia coli
Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.
11
307-311
1989
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Esaki, N.; Shimoi, H.; Yang, Y.S.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K.
Enantioselective synthesis of L-selenomethionine with leucine dehydrogenase
Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.
11
312-317
1989
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
-
brenda
Sekimoto, T.; Fukui, T.; Tanizawa, K.
Role of the conserved glycyl residues located at the active site of leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
J. Biochem.
116
176-182
1994
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Kiba, N.; Oyama, Y.; Kato, A.; Furusawa, M.
Postcolumn co-immobilized leucine dehydrogenase-NADH oxidase reactor for the determination of branched-chain amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection
J. Chromatogr. A
724
354-357
1996
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
-
brenda
Sekimoto, T.; Fukui, T.; Tanizawa, K.
Involvement of conserved lysine 68 of Bacillus stearothermophilus leucine dehydrogenase in substrate binding
J. Biol. Chem.
269
7262-7266
1994
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Sekimoto, T.; Matsuyama, T.; Fukui, T.; Tanizawa, K.
Evidence for lysine 80 as general base catalyst of leucine dehydrogenase
J. Biol. Chem.
268
27039-27045
1993
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Oikawa, T.; Kataoka, K.; Jin, Y.; Suzuki, S.; Soda, K.
Fragmentary form of thermostable leucine dehydrogenase of Bacillus stearothermophilus: its construction and reconstitution of active fragmentary enzyme
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
280
1177-1182
2001
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Kataoka, K.; Tanizawa, K.
Alteration of substrate specificity of leucine dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesis
J. Mol. Catal. B
23
299-309
2003
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
-
brenda
Chiriac, M.; Lupan, I.; Bucurenci, N.; Popescu, O.; Palibroda, N.
Stereoselective synthesis of L-[15N] amino acids with glucose dehydrogenase and galactose mutarotase as NADH regenerating system
J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm.
51
171-174
2008
Geobacillus stearothermophilus (P13154)
-
brenda
Yamaguchi, H.; Kamegawa, A.; Nakata, K.; Kashiwagi, T.; Mizukoshi, T.; Fujiyoshi, Y.; Tani, K.
Structural insights into thermostabilization of leucine dehydrogenase from its atomic structure by cryo-electron microscopy
J. Struct. Biol.
205
11-21
2019
Geobacillus stearothermophilus (P13154), Geobacillus stearothermophilus
brenda
Yamaguchi, H.; Kamegawa, A.; Nakata, K.; Kashiwagi, T.; Fujiyoshi, Y.; Tani, K.; Mizukoshi, T.
Leucine Dehydrogenase structure and thermostability
Subcell. Biochem.
96
355-372
2021
Geobacillus stearothermophilus (A0A0K2HC96), Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM 13240 (A0A0K2HC96)
brenda