the acx3acx4Col and acx1acx3acx4Col mutants are viable, enzyme activity in these mutants is significantly reduced on a range of substrates compared to the wild-type. Reducing ACX4 expression in several Arabidopsis backgrounds shows a split response, suggesting that the ACX4 gene and/or protein functions differently in Arabidopsis accessions, phenotypes, detailed overview. ACX2 levels are increased in acx1acx3acx4Col compared to Col-0 wild-type samples
hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method, crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions, a = 85.6 A, b = 117.0 A, c = 1313.3 A
hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method, the crystals diffract to 2.0 A using synchrotron radiation, have unit-cell parameters a = 85.2, b = 118.0, c = 131.0 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 and show P2(1)2(1)2(1) symmetry
acx2-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is slightly delayed in the acx2-1 mutant, with 3-day-old acx2-1 seedlings accumulating long-chain acyl-CoAs, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx2-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype
acx2-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is slightly delayed in the acx2-1 mutant, with 3-day-old acx2-1 seedlings accumulating long-chain acyl-CoAs, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx2-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype
acx2-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is slightly delayed in the acx2-1 mutant, with 3-day-old acx2-1 seedlings accumulating long-chain acyl-CoAs, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx2-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype
acx2-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is slightly delayed in the acx2-1 mutant, with 3-day-old acx2-1 seedlings accumulating long-chain acyl-CoAs, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx2-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype
acx1-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is unaltered in the acx1-1 mutant, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx1-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype, wound-induced increase in jasmonic acid is only compromised in the acx1-1 mutant
acx1-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is unaltered in the acx1-1 mutant, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx1-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype, wound-induced increase in jasmonic acid is only compromised in the acx1-1 mutant
acx1-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is unaltered in the acx1-1 mutant, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx1-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype, wound-induced increase in jasmonic acid is only compromised in the acx1-1 mutant
acx1-1 mutant, acx1-1 acx2-1 double mutant, lipid catabolism during germination and early post-germinative growth is unaltered in the acx1-1 mutant, seedlings of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 are unable to catabolize seed storage lipid, accumulate long-chain acyl-CoAs, and are unable to establish photosynthetic competency in the absence of an exogenous carbon supply, germination frequency of the double mutant acx1-1 acx2-1 is significantly reduced compared with wild-type seeds, is improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, the acx1-1 and acx1-2 acx2-1 double mutants exhibit a sucrose-independent germination phenotype, wound-induced increase in jasmonic acid is only compromised in the acx1-1 mutant
generation of higher-order acx mutants, the acx3acx4Col and acx1acx3acx4Col mutants are viable, enzyme activity in these mutants is significantly reduced on a range of substrates compared to the wild-type
inability of ACX1, ACX3, and ACX4 to fully compensate for one another in indole-3-butyric acid-mediated root elongation inhibition and ability of ACX2 and ACX5 to contribute to indole-3-butyric acid response suggests that indole-3-butyric acid-response defects in acx mutants may reflect indirect blocks in peroxisomal metabolism and indole-3-butyric acid beta-oxidation, rather than direct enzymatic activity of ACX isozymes on indole-3-butyric acid-CoA
solvent-accessible acyl binding pocket is not required for oxygen reactivity, the oligomeric state plays a role in substrate pocket architecture but is not linked to oxygen reactivity
solvent-accessible acyl binding pocket is not required for oxygen reactivity, the oligomeric state plays a role in substrate pocket architecture but is not linked to oxygen reactivity