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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.14.19.49 - tetracycline 7-halogenase
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Streptomyces aureofaciens
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.14.19.49
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
tetracycline 7-halogenase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ = 7-chlorotetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
tetracycline:FADH2 oxidoreductase (7-halogenating)
The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens, is a member of the flavin-dependent halogenase family. The enzyme forms a lysine chloramine intermediate on an internal lysine residue before transferring the chlorine to the substrate. It is stereo-selective for the 4S (natural) isomer of tetracycline. FADH2 is provided by a dedicated EC 1.5.1.36, flavin reductase (NADH).
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
physiological function
expression of Cts4 complements a Streptomyces aureofaciens mutant deficient for chlorination of tetracycline
physiological function
chlorination by FADH2-dependent halogenase CtcP is the last inefficient step during chlortetracycline biosynthesis. A strain lacking CtcP activity accumulates tetracycline and is deficient in production of chlortetracycline
physiological function
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chlorination by FADH2-dependent halogenase CtcP is the last inefficient step during chlortetracycline biosynthesis. A strain lacking CtcP activity accumulates tetracycline and is deficient in production of chlortetracycline
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physiological function
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expression of Cts4 complements a Streptomyces aureofaciens mutant deficient for chlorination of tetracycline
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(4S)-tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chloro-(4S)-tetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
enzyme is specific for (4S)-tetracycline
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-
?
(4S)-tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chloro-(4S)-tetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
enzyme is specific for (4S)-tetracycline
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-
?
tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chlorotetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
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-
-
?
tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chlorotetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
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-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(4S)-tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chloro-(4S)-tetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
S4S3E1
enzyme is specific for (4S)-tetracycline
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-
?
(4S)-tetracycline + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
7-chloro-(4S)-tetracycline + FAD + 2 H2O
S4S3E1
enzyme is specific for (4S)-tetracycline
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-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
synthesis
a strain lacking CtcP activity accumulates tetracycline with a yield of 18.9 g/l. Overexpressionof ctcP in Streptomyces aureofaciens leads to CTC production to a final titer of 25.9g/l
synthesis
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a strain lacking CtcP activity accumulates tetracycline with a yield of 18.9 g/l. Overexpressionof ctcP in Streptomyces aureofaciens leads to CTC production to a final titer of 25.9g/l
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.14.19.49)
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