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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.14.19.36 - sn-1 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin)
Word Map on EC 1.14.19.36
- 1.14.19.36
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desaturation
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low-temperature
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alpha-linolenic
- soybean
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trienoic
- synechocystis
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delta12
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perception
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unsaturated
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plastidial
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eicosapentaenoic
- cyanobacterium
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arachidonic
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photoautotrophic
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gamma-linolenic
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acclimation
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polyunsaturated
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.14.19.36
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
sn-1 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin)
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-stearidonoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
(1)
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-
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a 1-linoleoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-alpha-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
(2)
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-
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a 1-gamma-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-stearidonoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
(1)
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-stearidonoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
-
-
-
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a 1-linoleoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-alpha-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
(2)
a 1-linoleoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = a 1-alpha-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
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-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid],ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (15,16 cis-dehydrogenating)
The enzyme, characterized from cyanobacteria, introduces a cis double bond at carbon 15 of linoleoyl and gamma-linolenoyl groups attached to the sn-1 position of glycerolipids. The enzyme is an omega desaturase, and determines the location of the double bond by counting three carbons from the methyl end of the fatty acid. It is nonspecific with respect to the polar head group of the glycerolipid. cf. EC 1.14.19.35, sn-2 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin).
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
the comparative phylogenetic analysis of omega3-desaturase amino acid sequences from diverse organisms places the desaturase of Dunaliella salina between cyanobacteria and higher plants in the evolutionary range of desaturases, overview
metabolism
additional information
metabolism
the conversion of the C18 fatty acid to C18:3(9,12,15) is catalyzed in a step wise manner by DesC, DesA, and DesB, respectively
metabolism
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temperature-dependent expression of the des genes responsible for the maintenance of an optimal fluidity of cell membranes, feedback regulation. The temperature-dependent transcription of the desA, and to a greater extent desB genes, depends on the level of stress-induced changes in the genomic DNA supercoiling
metabolism
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the conversion of the C18 fatty acid to C18:3(9,12,15) is catalyzed in a step wise manner by DesC, DesA, and DesB, respectively
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additional information
antarctic psychrotolerant, Nostoc sp. SO-36, when grown at 25°C and then shifted to 10°C, shows an increase in the tri-unsaturated fatty acid [C18:3(9,12,15)] at the expense of mono- [C18:1(9)] and di-unsaturated [C18:2(9,12)] fatty acids
additional information
fatty acid compositions in the cells at different growth temperatures, overview
additional information
-
antarctic psychrotolerant, Nostoc sp. SO-36, when grown at 25°C and then shifted to 10°C, shows an increase in the tri-unsaturated fatty acid [C18:3(9,12,15)] at the expense of mono- [C18:1(9)] and di-unsaturated [C18:2(9,12)] fatty acids
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
a 1-linoleoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
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-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
Q55240
-
-
-
?
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
a 1-linoleoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 H2O
Q55240
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Q704F0
-
-
-
?
a 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-stearidonoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Q704F0
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Q704F0
-
-
-
?
a 1-linoleoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + O2 + 2 H+
a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Q704F0
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-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
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temperature-dependent expression of gene desB, maximal at 24°C in wild-type cells, and at 28-30°C in desA-/desD- cells
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
the desaturase is probably located in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than in the chloroplast since its expression is not affected by irradiation
transmembrane domains at residues 43-65, 71-93, 200-222, and 231-253
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transmembrane domains at residues 43-65, 71-93, 200-222, and 231-253
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene des3-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative PCR expression analysis
gene desB, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, genes desA, desB, and desC are in tandem and have an ORF of 822 bp, 1053 bp, and 1080 bp, respectively, and are separated by intergenic regions, the three genes do not form an operon, RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene desB, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, temperature-dependent expression, abundant expression at 22°C in cells, no expression at 38°C, steady-state levels overview. The half-life of desB mRNA is significantly longer in cells grown at 22°C than in cells grown at 38°C
the desA gene, which encodes the DELTA12 desaturase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and the desB gene are introduced into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Whilst the parent cyanobacterium can only desaturate membrane lipids at the DELTA9 position of fatty acids, the resultant transformant is able to desaturate fatty acids of membrane lipids at the DELTA9, DELTA12 and omega3 positions
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
antarctic psychrotolerant, Nostoc sp. SO-36, when grown at 25°C and then shifted to 10°C, shows an increase in the tri-unsaturated fatty acid [C18:3(9,12,15)] at the expense of mono- [C18:1(9)] and di-unsaturated [C18:2(9,12)] fatty acids, but constitutive expression of desB gene when cultures grown at 25°C are shifted to 10°C
cold-induced accumulation of transcripts from the desB gene, suppressed by the addition of chloramphenicol
lowering the external temperature from 32 to 22°C produces a transient increase in the level of specific mRNA. Considerable accumulation of mRNA for omega3-desaturase is also observed when CO2 concentration in gas-air mixture is raised from 2 to 10%
temperature-reguated enzyme expression, expression levels declines after shift from 22°C to 38°C, and increase with shift from 38°C down to 22°C
the level of the desB transcript in cells grown at 22°C is 10 times higher than that in cells grown at 34°C
antarctic psychrotolerant, Nostoc sp. SO-36, when grown at 25°C and then shifted to 10°C, shows an increase in the tri-unsaturated fatty acid [C18:3(9,12,15)] at the expense of mono- [C18:1(9)] and di-unsaturated [C18:2(9,12)] fatty acids, but constitutive expression of desB gene when cultures grown at 25°C are shifted to 10°C
antarctic psychrotolerant, Nostoc sp. SO-36, when grown at 25°C and then shifted to 10°C, shows an increase in the tri-unsaturated fatty acid [C18:3(9,12,15)] at the expense of mono- [C18:1(9)] and di-unsaturated [C18:2(9,12)] fatty acids, but constitutive expression of desB gene when cultures grown at 25°C are shifted to 10°C
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
the desB gene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is mutated by insertion of a kanamycin-resistance gene cartridge. The resultant mutant is unable to desaturate fatty acids at the omega3 position
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.14.19.36)
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