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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.14.19.34 - acyl-lipid (9+3)-(E)-desaturase
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.14.19.34
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
acyl-lipid (9+3)-(E)-desaturase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a palmitoleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a (9Z,12E)-hexadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
(2)
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-
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an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
(1)
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an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
proposed mechanism of DsFAD2-2: removal of a C-11 hydrogen atom from trans-DELTA12-linoleic acid by the diiron-oxo center of DsFAD2-2 results in the shift of the cis-DELTA9 double bond to the trans-DELTA10 position. The radical remaining at the C-9 position is then able to remove an oxygen atom from the diiron-oxo center because of close proximity to the catalytic core of DsFAD2-2 as dictated by the substrate binding properties of this enzyme
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
DELTA9 acyl-lipid,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (12,13 trans-dehydrogenating)
The enzymes from the plants Dimorphotheca sinuata (African daisy) and Vernicia fordii (tung oil tree) insert a trans double bond in position C-12 of oleate and palmitoleate incorporated into glycerolipids. The enzyme introduces the new double bond at a position three carbons away from an existing double bond at position 9, towards the methyl end of the fatty acid. The enzyme from tung oil tree also possesses the activity of EC 1.14.19.33, Delta12 acyl-lipid conjugase.
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
biosynthetic pathway of dimorphecolic acid involving the concerted activities of DsFAD2-1 and DsFAD2-2; biosynthetic pathway of dimorphecolic acid involving the concerted activities of DsFAD2-1 and DsFAD2-2
physiological function
evolution
the evolution of two divergent DELTA12-oleic acid desaturases for the biosynthesis of an unusual fatty acid; the evolution of two divergent DELTA12-oleic acid desaturases for the biosynthesis of an unusual fatty acid
physiological function
FAD2 converts oleic acid into linoleic acid in the plant seed oil
physiological function
involvement of DsFAD2-1 in dimorphecolic acid synthesis; involvement of DsFAD2-2 in dimorphecolic acid synthesis
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
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-
-
?
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
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additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
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additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
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-
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additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
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-
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additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
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-
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additional information
?
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
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additional information
?
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isozyme DsFAD2-2 catalyzes the conversion of the DELTA9 double bond of linoleic acid into a C-9 hydroxyl group and DELTA10trans double bond and displays a substrate preference for the trans-DELTA12, rather than the cis-DELTA12, isomer of linoleic acid
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additional information
?
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isozyme DsFAD2-2 catalyzes the conversion of the DELTA9 double bond of linoleic acid into a C-9 hydroxyl group and DELTA10trans double bond and displays a substrate preference for the trans-DELTA12, rather than the cis-DELTA12, isomer of linoleic acid
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additional information
?
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isozyme DsFAD2-2 catalyzes the conversion of the DELTA9 double bond of linoleic acid into a C-9 hydroxyl group and DELTA10trans double bond and displays a substrate preference for the trans-DELTA12, rather than the cis-DELTA12, isomer of linoleic acid
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additional information
?
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a bifunctional enzyme also exhibiting the activity of EC 1.14.19.33
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
Q6RS95, Q6RS96
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-
-
?
an oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+
a (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
Q8GZC3
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-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
-
-
-
additional information
?
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Q6RS95
seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6RS96
seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DELTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6RS95
seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6RS96
seeds of Dimorphotheca species fatty acids contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, DELTA10,DelTA12-conjugated double bonds, and trans-DELTA12 unsaturation.
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene DsFAD2-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, recombinant expression of DsFAD2-1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YPH499 and Glycine max somatic embryos resulting in the accumulation of the trans-DELTA12 isomer of linoleic acid (18:29cis,12trans) rather than the more typical cis-DELTA12 isomer. When co-expressed with DsFAD2-1 in soybean embryos or yeast, DsFAD2-2 converts 18:29cis,12trans into dimorphecolic acid; gene DsFAD2-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, recombinant expression of DsFAD2-2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YPH499 and Glycine max somatic embryos. When co-expressed with DsFAD2-1 in soybean embryos or yeast, DsFAD2-2 converts 18:29cis,12trans into dimorphecolic acid. When DsFAD2-2 is expressed alone in soybean embryos or together with a typical cis-DELTA12-oleic acid desaturase in yeast, trace amounts of the cis-DELTA12 isomer of dimorphecolic acid (9-OH-18:2DELTA9cis,12cis) are formed from DsFAD2-2 activity with cis-DELTA12-linoleic acid
gene FAD2, combined transgenic expression of Punica granatum conjugase (FADX, EC 1.14.19.33) under the control of a seed-specific napin promoter and Arabidopsis thaliana FAD2 desaturase in high linoleic acid Arabidopsis thaliana fad3/fae1 mutant, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell strain GV3101 transformation, leads to increased accumulation of punicic acid, quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene FAD2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, functional expression of the enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MMYO11,transient expression of myc-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright-Yellow 2 suspension-cultured BY-2 cells
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.14.19.34)
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