Information on EC 1.14.13.81 - magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase

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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
1.14.13.81
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
(1b)
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131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
(1c)
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
show the reaction diagram
overall reaction
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
(1a)
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
cyclization
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oxidation
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
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Metabolic pathways
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Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
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chlorophyll metabolism
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX 13-monomethyl ester,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Requires Fe(II) for activity. The cyclase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is associated exclusively with the membranes, whereas that from cucumber cotyledons requires both membrane and soluble fractions for activity.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
92353-62-3
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain J-10-fl, green phototrophic bacterium
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain J-10-fl, green phototrophic bacterium
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
first MPEC gene identification in cDNA library (PNZIP)
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rice
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-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
gene bchE
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-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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-
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
spinach
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
two acsF-like genes, sll1214 or chlAI and sll1874 orchlAII, and three bchE-like genes, slr0905, sll1242, and slr0309
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
wheat
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-mesoporphyrin IX + NADPH + O2
diethyl protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX + NADPH + O2
? + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
Q5EFU4
the enzyme is involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis
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ir
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
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disruption of the bchE gene leads to accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester and the divinyl form of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
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?
additional information
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
heme
high probability for binuclear iron motif is proposed by sequence alignment, and a significant iron amount in the chlorosome fraction cannot be assigned to other chlorosome proteins
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
FeSO4
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when added with 1,10-phenanthroline
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1,10-phenanthroline
2,2'-bipyridyl
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chelation of Fe2+
2-mercaptoethanol
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24% inhibition at 1 mM
4-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate
4-chloromercuribenzoate
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complete inhibition at 0.4 mM
amitrole
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0.1 and 1 mM
benzoquinone
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dithiothreitol
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50% inhibition at 1 mM
EDTA
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chelation of Fe3+
imazalil
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0.1 mM
methyl viologen
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at micromolar concentrations
methylene blue
N-ethylmaleimide
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90% inhibition at 5 mM
phenazine methosulfate
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at micromolar concentrations
quinol
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ascorbate
ATP
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requirement for reconstituted system
catalase
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isoascorbate
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
Ycf54
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essential for cyclase activity and/or stability forming a complex with other oxidative cyclase components Sll1214 and Sll1874
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.0000085
average wild-type activity in chloroplasts
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
9
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supernatant protein
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
specifically expressed in photosynthetic active cells
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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soluble cell extract from cucumbers
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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recombination of chloroplast membrane and cytoplasm fractions is necessary to restore cucumber cyclase activity in vitro
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
40000
SDS-PAGE, trypsin-digested
43000
calculted from predicted 370 amino acid residue sequence, 1402 bp, PNZIP from Pharbitis nil
45000
calculated from the acsF gene sequence encoding 375 amino acid residues
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
heterodimer
additional information
the aerobic cyclase is composed of three different subunits: a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by Xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-15�C, 30% loss of activity in supernatant, 70% loss of activity in pellet after 7 days
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cells are centrifuged, sonicated, cell debris removed by centrifugation, membrane fraction separated from the soluble fraction by ultracentrifugation, chlorosome fractioned by sucrose density gradient (15-45%), for SDS-PAGE chlorosome fraction is incubated in methanol, centrifuged, the pellet containing the chlorosome envelop is subjected to SDS-PAGE, protein identification by MALDI-TOF and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
partial, soluble fraction
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partially by chloroplast supernatant and membrane preparation of wild-type and recombinant mutant plants
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene xantha-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis
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gene xantha-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of wild-type and mutants in transgenic barley plants
genes chlAI, chlAII, slr0905, sll1242, or slr0309, expression of wild-type and mutants enzymes, expression analysis, overview
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PCR-amplification of cDNA from isolated RNA, PCR-products of enzyme-GFP fusion constructs are cloned into vector pPENSOTG and introduced into Arabidopsis protoplasts by polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation, complementation constructs are produced by joining PCR fragments of the enzyme promoter with the enzyme-GFP cDNA, cloned into vector pBIB-HYG, introduced into Agrobacterium GV3101, transformed into homozygous mutant plants via the floral dipping method
RNA is isolated to synthesize cDNA and quantitative real-time PCR is carried out for anaerobic and semiaerobic growth conditions
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
endogenous 24 h rhythm and regulation by phytochrome in the dark
exposure to far-red radiation at the end of day or red radiation in the middle of night reduce PNZIP mRNA (phytochrome regulation in the dark)
radiant energy and low temperature
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strong irradiance
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the aerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase is expressed under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions, the levels are similar under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
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Renatured/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
reconstitution of the enzyme system from a high-speed supernatant and a membrane pellet
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
synthesis
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the Rhodobacter capsulatus kanamycin-resistant transposon bchE mutant strain DB575 is used for production of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester, method development, overview
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Show AA Sequence (879 entries)
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.14.13.81)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)