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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.14.13.21 - flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase
Word Map on EC 1.14.13.21
- 1.14.13.21
- chalcone
-
3',5'-hydroxylase
- dihydroflavonol
- flavonols
- anthocyanidins
-
4-reductase
-
b-ring
- flavanone
- naringenin
- pelargonidins
- cyanidin
- dihydrokaempferol
- delphinidin
- hybrida
-
3-o-glucosyltransferase
-
pubescence
-
leucoanthocyanidins
- agriculture
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.14.13.21
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
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redox reaction
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-
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reduction
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-
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
flavonoid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
Acts on a number of flavonoids, including naringenin and dihydrokaempferol. Does not act on 4-coumarate or 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
75991-44-5
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85340-98-3
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85340-98-3
oxygenase, flavonoid 3-mono-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
japonica rice lines T65, T65-Plw (purple leaves), Nipponbare, Zhonghua 11, Tainong 67
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two copies of the gene encoding the competing F3’H enzyme are present in the grape genome, the second is transcriptionally silent
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F3'H1; i.e. Sorghum vulgare, 3 genes F3'H1, F3'H2, and F3'H3
SwissProt
F3'H2; i.e. Sorghum vulgare, 3 genes F3'H1, F3'H2, and F3'H3
SwissProt
F3'H3; i.e. Sorghum vulgare, 3 genes F3'H1, F3'H2, and F3'H3
SwissProt
two copies of the gene encoding the competing F3’H enzyme are present in the grape genome, the second is transcriptionally silent
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
duplication of F3'H genes in plants, overview; duplication of F3'H genes in plants, overview; duplication of F3'H genes in plants, overview
metabolism
physiological function
metabolism
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role in anthocyanin regulation and flavone biosynthesis, interaction with chalcone synthase 1 as shown by yeast fusion experiment
metabolism
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flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylases competitively control the synthesis of delphinidin and cyanidin, the precursors of blue and red anthocyanins, anthocyanin profiling in strain PN40024, overview
metabolism
MdF3'H genes are coordinately expressed with other genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple; MdF3'H genes are coordinately expressed with other genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple; MdF3'H genes are coordinately expressed with other genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple
metabolism
the high expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase during fruit ripening in Fragaria vesca is reflected by the anthocyanin composition, which shows a high content of cyanidin
metabolism
the drastic decline of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase expression occurring during fruit ripening in Fragaria ananassa is reflected by the anthocyanin composition, which shows a prevalence of pelargonidin in ripe fruits of Fragaria ananassa
metabolism
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flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylases competitively control the synthesis of delphinidin and cyanidin, the precursors of blue and red anthocyanins, anthocyanin profiling in strain PN40024, overview
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physiological function
the enzyme introduces a hydroxyl group at 3' position of the B-ring of the flavonoid molecule leading to the formation of 3',4'-hydroxylated flavonoids; the enzyme introduces a hydroxyl group at 3' position of the B-ring of the flavonoid molecule leading to the formation of 3',4'-hydroxylated flavonoids; the enzyme introduces a hydroxyl group at 3' position of the B-ring of the flavonoid molecule leading to the formation of 3',4'-hydroxylated flavonoids
physiological function
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enzyme expression is associated with anthocyanin accumulation in five different sweet potato cultivars tested
physiological function
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loss of enzyme activity leads to accumulation of 3,5-di-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)pelargonidin 6''-O-4,6'''-O-1-cyclic malate instead of 3,5-di-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)cyanidin 6''-O-4,6'''-O-1-cyclic malate, the only difference between these two anthocyanins is a hydroxyl group present at the 3' position in the B-ring of aglycone. Loss of enzyme results in a color change in buds from purple to deep pink. Mutation is due to an active hAT type transposable element, designated Tdic101. The color change is attributed to Tdic101 insertion into the second intron of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
dihydrokaempferol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate
dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2
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-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
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?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
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?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
?
kaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
quercetin + NADP+ + H2O
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?
naringenin + NADPH + H+ + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
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?
naringenin + NADPH + H+ + O2
eriodyctiol + NADP+ + H2O
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preferred substrate of the wild-type enzyme
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?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
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?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
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?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
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?
additional information
?
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the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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transcription level of the F3'H genes is not the reason for the different seed colorations found in near-isogenic lines, blackseeded L1 and yellow-seeded L2, of Brassica napus
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additional information
?
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transcription level of the F3'H genes is not the reason for the different seed colorations found in near-isogenic lines, blackseeded L1 and yellow-seeded L2, of Brassica napus
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additional information
?
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the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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endogenous flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase competes with recombinantly expressed flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, EC 1.14.13.88, in Chrysanthemum plants for the same substrates in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, overview
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additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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substrate specificity of F3'H and the F3'5'H, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, EC 1.14.13.88, evolutionary derived from F3'H, is determined near the N-terminal end and the functional difference between these two enzymes near the C-terminal end, relatively few amino acids exchanges are required for the evolutionary extension of 3'- to 3',5'-hydroxylation activity, overview
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additional information
?
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enzyme is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, overview, the pleiotropic T locus and two recessive alleles differentially affect structure and expression of the enzyme
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additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in several steps of the flavonoid synthesis pathway and in control of pigmentation in developing soybean, presence of a threshold mRNA level associated with pigmentation during development, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers
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additional information
?
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the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers, analysis of flower piment content
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additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
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additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
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additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
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flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, enzyme regulation, overview
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-
-
additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
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additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
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additional information
?
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the enzyme plays a role in the phenyl-propanoid pathway and the biosynthesis of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanin pigments in the socalled red cultivars of grapevine, metabolic profiling and colour variations, overview, the enzyme is responsible for flavonoid accumulation in tissues
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
dihydrokaempferol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate
dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
naringenin + NADPH + H+ + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
C5IGQ3, C5IGQ4, C5IGQ5
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
C5IGQ3, C5IGQ4, C5IGQ5
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q9SD85
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q9FPN5
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q59I68
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q38L00
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q9FPN2
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q304R0
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q9FPM9
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q93XJ2
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q9SBQ9
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q0QLB3
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q0Z7U7, Q0Z7U8, Q0Z7U9
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q8S9C6
-
-
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + O2
dihydroquercetin + NADP+ + H2O
Q3C211, Q3C212, Q3C213, Q3C214
-
-
-
?
kaempferol + NADPH + H+ + O2
quercetin + NADP+ + H2O
C5IGQ3, C5IGQ4, C5IGQ5
-
-
-
?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
Q304R0
-
-
-
?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
Q0Z7U7, Q0Z7U8, Q0Z7U9
-
-
-
?
naringenin + NADPH + O2
eriodictyol + NADP+ + H2O
Q3C211, Q3C212, Q3C213, Q3C214
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Q6QHJ9
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9SD85
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
A1XBC6
transcription level of the F3'H genes is not the reason for the different seed colorations found in near-isogenic lines, blackseeded L1 and yellow-seeded L2, of Brassica napus
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
transcription level of the F3'H genes is not the reason for the different seed colorations found in near-isogenic lines, blackseeded L1 and yellow-seeded L2, of Brassica napus
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9FPN5
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
endogenous flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase competes with recombinantly expressed flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, EC 1.14.13.88, in Chrysanthemum plants for the same substrates in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q59I68
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q38L00
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of F3'H and the F3'5'H, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, EC 1.14.13.88, evolutionary derived from F3'H, is determined near the N-terminal end and the functional difference between these two enzymes near the C-terminal end, relatively few amino acids exchanges are required for the evolutionary extension of 3'- to 3',5'-hydroxylation activity, overview
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-
-
additional information
?
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-
enzyme is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, overview, the pleiotropic T locus and two recessive alleles differentially affect structure and expression of the enzyme
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-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8W3Y5
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in several steps of the flavonoid synthesis pathway and in control of pigmentation in developing soybean, presence of a threshold mRNA level associated with pigmentation during development, overview
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q767R1
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins responsible for e.g. the colour of flowers, analysis of flower piment content
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-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9FPN2
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q304R0
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9FPM9
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q93XJ2
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9SBQ9
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0QLB3
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
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Q0Z7U7
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
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Q0Z7U8
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U9
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U7
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U8
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U9
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H1 expression is involved in light-specific anthocyanin accumulation, differential regulation of F30H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U7
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U8
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q0Z7U9
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in Sorghum, F3'H2 expression is involved in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin synthesis, differential regulation of F3'H genes/alleles responding to different external stimuli, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8S9C6
the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined by the activity of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2UYU6
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, enzyme regulation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3C211
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3C212
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3C213
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3C214
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, as well as of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin and procyanidin and prodelphinidin, correlation of enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid composition, flavonoid composition in organs of Vitis vinifera, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in the phenyl-propanoid pathway and the biosynthesis of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanin pigments in the socalled red cultivars of grapevine, metabolic profiling and colour variations, overview, the enzyme is responsible for flavonoid accumulation in tissues
-
-
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
light-activated expression of F3'H1; pathogen-induced expression of F3'H2
-
additional information
light-activated expression of F3'H1; pathogen-induced expression of F3'H2
-
additional information
light-activated expression of F3'H1; pathogen-induced expression of F3'H2
-
additional information
-
transcriptional induction of the enzyme is temporally coordinated with the beginning of anthocyanin biosynthesis, the expression being 2fold higher in red berries versus green berries
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
activities of recombinant chimeric mutant enzymes, overview
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
30
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
enzyme is constitutively expressed in all tested tissues including fibrous roots, thick roots, storage roots, stems and leaves. During storage root formation, enzyme is expressed most abundantly in the storage roots
high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression
additional information
high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression
throughout the development of fruits, the transcriptional levels of MdF3'H genes along with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes are higher in the red-skinned cv. Red Delicious than that in the yellow-skinned cv. Golden Delicious. Patterns of MdF3'H gene expression correspond to accumulation patterns of flavonoids in apple fruit; throughout the development of fruits, the transcriptional levels of MdF3'H genes along with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes are higher in the red-skinned cv. Red Delicious than that in the yellow-skinned cv. Golden Delicious. Patterns of MdF3'H gene expression correspond to accumulation patterns of flavonoids in apple fruit; throughout the development of fruits, the transcriptional levels of MdF3'H genes along with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes are higher in the red-skinned cv. Red Delicious than that in the yellow-skinned cv. Golden Delicious. Patterns of MdF3'H gene expression correspond to accumulation patterns of flavonoids in apple fruit
regulation during fruit development, overview, berry skin, transcriptional regulation of the enzyme, onset of expression after flowering, low expression at the onset of ripening, high expression after veraison concomitant with the accumulation of 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins, overview
berry skin; berry skin; berry skin; berry skin
-
enzyme is constitutively expressed in all tested tissues including fibrous roots, thick roots, storage roots, stems and leaves
F3'H is expressed consistent with the accumulation of 3'-hydroxylated proanthocyanidins in this tissue
high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression
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enzyme is constitutively expressed in all tested tissues including fibrous roots, thick roots, storage roots, stems and leaves
high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression; high level of F3'H expression
additional information
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tissue expression pattern of gene GmF3'H at different developmental stages
additional information
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enzyme is constitutively expressed in all tested tissues including fibrous roots, thick roots, storage roots, stems and leaves. During storage root formation, enzyme is expressed most abundantly in the storage roots
additional information
tissue- and development-specific expression, F3'H is expressed in grapes before flowering, when 3'-hydroxylated flavonols are made, and after flowering, when proanthocyanidins are synthesized, the expression of flavonoid hydroxylases in grape is correlated to the expression of cytochrome b5, overview
additional information
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one F3'H gene copy is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs at comparable levels among cultivars, while the other is transcriptionally silent
additional information
-
one F3'H gene copy is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs at comparable levels among cultivars, while the other is transcriptionally silent
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
the secondary structure is dominated by alpha-helices and random coils
additional information
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the secondary structure is dominated by alpha-helices and random coils
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
14 mM mercaptoethanol plus 15% sucrose stabilize, mercaptoethanol can be replaced by 1.4 mM dithiothreitol
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-70°C, storage of microsomes in presence of 14 mM mercaptoethanol and 15% sucrose, stable for several weeks
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-70°C, sucrose or glycerol plus dithiothreitol stabilize during purification and storage
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-80°C, microsomal preparations containing 10% sucrose, frozen in liquid nitrogen, stable
-
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning of coding sequence in over-expression vector, for complementation analysis Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the plasmid into transparent testa Arabidopsis mutant tt7 (defective in flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene) leads to quercetin (3',4'-hydroxylated) accumulation, for yeast fusion enzyme interaction study PCR-amplification from cDNA, subcloned in pGADT7 fusion vector transformed in Saccharomyces cervisiae strains AH109 and Y187, pair-wise combination of fusion constructs by mating
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic mapping, phylogenetic analysis, expression analysis and metabolic profiling, phenotypes
-
expression of wild-type enzyme and chimeric mutants in yeast strain INVSc 1 microsomes
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gene F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of wild-type and mutant genes, genomic organization, overview
gene F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, developmental expression analysis, comparison of red and white cultivar enzyme expression levels, functional ectopic expression in Petunia hybrida altering flower color and flavonoid composition, overview
gene F3'H-1, two clones, DNA and amio acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, expression analysis, alternative polyadenylation in the 3'-UTR is adopted by this gene to generate heterogeneous transcripts, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of His-tagged F3'H-1 in Escherichia coli
gene F3'h1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genomic structure, expression pattern analysis; gene F3'h2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genomic structure, expression pattern analysis; gene F3'h3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genomic structure, expression pattern analysis; gene F3'h4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genomic structure, expression pattern analysis
gene F3'H1, DNA and amio acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree; gene F3'H1, DNA and amio acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, overexpression of F3'H1 under control of the CaMV 35S promoter using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection method; gene F3'H2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, overexpression of F3'H1 under control of the CaMV 35S promoter using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection method
gene F3'h1, DNA, amino acid sequence, and promoter determination and analysis, the promoter region of the gene contains a putative G-box, two MYB-binding domains, and TA-repeats, the structure and number of the TA repeats is cultivar-dependent and highly polymorphic, the enzyme is encoded in the Tau locus involved in control of the pubescens and seed coat color, genetic structure and organization, dominant Tau and recessive tau allele of the locus produce tawny and gray pubescence, respectively, alleles at the locus are associated with chilling tolerance, overview
gene GmF3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of 19 different cultivars, linked to the pleiotropic T locus and 2 recessive alleles, determination of the tissue expression pattern of gene GmF3'H
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gene MdF3'HI, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, functional ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana tt7 mutant and in Nicotiana tabacum; gene MdF3'HIIa, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, functional ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana tt7 mutant and in Nicotiana tabacum; gene MdF3'HIIb, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, functional ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana tt7 mutant and in Nicotiana tabacum
sf3'h1 gene, the enzyme is encoded at the T locus, quantitative expression analysis in wild-type and mutant plants
-
two genes F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, genomic analysis and expression analysis in strain PN40024, phylogenetic tree, overview
-
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
-
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
-
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, detailed phylogenetic analysis and comparison of sequences of both enzymes indicate that F3',5'H is recruited from F3'H before the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, overview
gene F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of wild-type and mutant genes, genomic organization, overview
-
gene F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of wild-type and mutant genes, genomic organization, overview
-
gene F3'H, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of wild-type and mutant genes, genomic organization, overview
-
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ectopic expression of apple F3'H genes contributes to anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa7-1 mutant tt7 grown under nitrogen stress, overview. Transgenic Arabidopsis tt7 seedlings xpressing apple F3'H regain red color pigmentation and significantly accumulate both 4'-hydroxylated pelargonidin and 3',4'-hydroxylated cyanidin; ectopic expression of apple F3'H genes contributes to anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa7-1 mutant tt7 grown under nitrogen stress, overview. Transgenic Arabidopsis tt7 seedlings xpressing apple F3'H regain red color pigmentation and significantly accumulate both 4'-hydroxylated pelargonidin and 3',4'-hydroxylated cyanidin; ectopic expression of apple F3'H genes contributes to anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa7-1 mutant tt7 grown under nitrogen stress, overview. Transgenic Arabidopsis tt7 seedlings xpressing apple F3'H regain red color pigmentation and significantly accumulate both 4'-hydroxylated pelargonidin and 3',4'-hydroxylated cyanidin
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
T484F
-
site-directed mutagenesis, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
T487A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
T487S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, a conservative Thr to Ser exchange at position 487 conferred additional 5'-hydroxylation activity to recombinant Gerbera hybrida F3'H
Y484F/T487S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
recombinant expression of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, EC 1.14.13.88, from Petunia sp. in Dendrathemum grandiflora plants leads to competition of the endogenous flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase with the recombinant enzyme for the same substrates in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway leading to a change in flower petal colors, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
loss of enzyme activity leads to accumulation of 3,5-di-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)pelargonidin 6''-O-4,6'''-O-1-cyclic malate instead of 3,5-di-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)cyanidin 6''-O-4,6'''-O-1-cyclic malate, the only difference between these two anthocyanins is a hydroxyl grouppresent at the 3' position in the B-ring of aglycone. Loss of enzme results in a color change in buds from purple to deep pink. Mutation is due to an active hAT type transposable element, designated Tdic101. The color change is attributed to Tdic101 insertion into the second intron of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase
additional information
-
generation of chimeric constructs consisting of cDNA fragments of Gerbera hybrida F3'H and Osteospermum hybrida F3'5'H, EC 1.14.13.88, overview
additional information
-
downregulation of the F3'H gene expression by virus-induced gene silencing in soybean does not alter the tawny pubescence pigmentation proved to be unchanged in greenhouse-grown plants, but is reduced when the steady-state mRNA level of the F3'H gene is reduced to approximately 5% of that of greenhouse-grown plants, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
an enzyme-deficient mutant line shows altered flower color, i.e. magenta flowers instead of bright blue due to accumulation of dihydrokaempherol instead of dihydroquercetin
additional information
-
an enzyme-deficient mutant line shows altered flower color, i.e. pink flowers instead of dark purple due to accumulation of dihydrokaempherol instead of dihydroquercetin
additional information
-
an enzyme-deficient mutant line shows altered flower color, i.e. fuchsia flowers instead of bright blue due to accumulation of dihydrokaempherol instead of dihydroquercetin
additional information
-
transformation of enzyme overexpressing vector into Arabidopsis mutant tt7 defective in flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene, introduction of genes into yeast fusion system to monitor interactions with other enzymes in the anthocyanin regulation and flavone biosynthesis
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
enzyme expression is under control of pericarp color1, P1. The P1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1/P1 silks show slower growth as compared to pr1/P1 silks
additional information
understanding the regulation of flavonoid hydroxylases could be used to modify flavonoid composition of fruits
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.14.13.21)
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