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Information on EC 1.1.3.41 - alditol oxidase and Organism(s) Streptomyces coelicolor and UniProt Accession Q9ZBU1
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1.1.3.41 alditol oxidaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme from Streptomyces sp. IKD472 and from Streptomyces coelicolor is a monomeric oxidase containing one molecule of FAD per molecule of protein [1,2]. While xylitol (five carbons) and sorbitol (6 carbons) are the preferred substrates, other alditols, including L-threitol (four carbons), D-arabinitol (five carbons), D-galactitol (six carbons) and D-mannitol (six carbons) can also act as substrates, but more slowly [1,2]. Belongs in the vanillyl-alcohol-oxidase family of enzymes .
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Word Map
- 1.1.3.41
- alditols
- coelicolor
- aldos
- synthesis
- xylitol
- polyols
- flavoprotein
- fad
- flavin
- oxidases
- medicine
-
one-pot
- jeotgalicoccus
-
oletje
- d-glycerate
-
oxidase-peroxidase
-
biodiesel
-
regioselective
-
biofuels
- dhap
-
biocatalytic
-
feedstock
- dihydroxyacetone
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Streptomyces coelicolor
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
alditol oxidase, hotaldo, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
catalytic mechanism and stereoselectivity, substrate binding occurs through a lock-and-key mechanism and does not induce conformational changes with respect to the ligand-free protein, overview
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
proposed mechanism for the oxidation of 1,2-diols to the alpha-hydroxy acids, overview
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
alditol:oxygen oxidoreductase
The enzyme from Streptomyces sp. IKD472 and from Streptomyces coelicolor is a monomeric oxidase containing one molecule of FAD per molecule of protein [1,2]. While xylitol (five carbons) and sorbitol (6 carbons) are the preferred substrates, other alditols, including L-threitol (four carbons), D-arabinitol (five carbons), D-galactitol (six carbons) and D-mannitol (six carbons) can also act as substrates, but more slowly [1,2]. Belongs in the vanillyl-alcohol-oxidase family of enzymes [2].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
177322-52-0
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid + H2O2
-
-
product identification by NMR
-
?
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
mandelic acid + H2O2
-
the enzyme is highly enantioselective for the oxidation of (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
-
?
1,3-butanediol + O2
3-hydroxybutanal + H2O2
-
-
product identification by GC-MS
-
?
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
?
-
the enzyme is highly enantioselective for the oxidation of 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 35% conversion to mandelic acid and two minor by-products (less than 5%) is observed after 65 h
-
-
?
1,2-pentanediol + O2
2-hydroxypentanoic acid + H2O2
-
-
product identification by NMR
-
?
1,2-pentanediol + O2
2-hydroxypentanoic acid + H2O2
-
50% conversion after 22 h
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AldO catalyzes the C1 oxidation of several polyols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, besides alditols, 1,2-diols are reasonable substrates indicating that two adjacent hydroxy groups at C-1 and C-2 seem to be a minimal requirement for a compound in order to be effectively oxidized by AldO, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is able to perform oxidations of alcohols into aldehydes/ketones (single oxidation) and oxidations of alcohols into acids (double oxidation)
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
flavin-dependent oxidase with covalently linked FAD which is located at the bottom of a funnel-shaped pocket that forms the active site
FAD
-
a flavoprotein, the flavin cofactor is covalently linked to the polypeptide chain, covalent anchoring of the FAD cofactor is an autocatalytic process and that only occurs upon correct folding of the polypeptide chain
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
101
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
86
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.29 - 0.35
xylitol
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
101
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
86
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
170
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
150
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
97
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
52
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
83
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
35
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
250
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
42
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
1.4
D-sorbitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
430
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetic analysis, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
substrate specificity and steady state kinetics, overview
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.74
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.008
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
9.1 - 12.2
xylitol
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.74
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.008
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
4.4
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.29
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
2
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.85
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.36
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.017
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.34
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.35
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
9.2
D-mannitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
1.7
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
6.3
L-Threitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0073
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0001
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0043
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0073
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0001
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.026
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0019
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.021
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.016
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0003
1,2-propanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0078
1,3,5-pentanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0043
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0006
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0014
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0002
3-butenol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0083
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0003
D-galactose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.26
D-mannitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0046
glycerol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.004
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.25
L-Threitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6 - 9
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
50000
x * 50000, recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
45100
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
?
x * 50000, recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
additional information
additional information
AldO shares the same folding topology of the members of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase family of flavoenzymes, three-dimensional structure analysis, overview
additional information
-
AldO shares the same folding topology of the members of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase family of flavoenzymes, three-dimensional structure analysis, overview
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native wild-type enzyme, hanging-drop vapor diffusion method at 4°C by mixing equal volumes of 14 mg/mL AldO solution in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, with reservoir solutions containing 0.1 M MES/HCl, pH 6.5, 0.2 M MgCl2 and 18-20% w/v PEG4000, 3-4 days, substrate incorporation by soaking the wild-type AldO crystals in a solution consisting of 0.1 M MES/HCl, pH 6.5, 0.2 M MgCl2, 25% w/v PEG 4000, 17.5% sucrose, and 25 mM substrate for 3 h, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.1-1.9 A resolution
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
-
synthesis of rare sugars using Escherichia coli whole cells. The donor substrate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is generated from glycerol by glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO). The acceptor D-glyceraldehyde is directly produced from glycerol by alditol oxidase. The aldol reaction between DHAP and D-glyceraldehyde is performed by L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD) to generate the corresponding sugar-1-phosphate. Finally, the phosphate group is removed by fructose-1-phosphatase (YqaB) to obtain the rare sugars D-sorbose and D-psicose. Under the optimized conditions, the cascade produces 7.9 g/l of D-sorbose and D-psicose with a total conversion rate of 17.7% from glycerol
additional information
construction of an AldO mutant synthetic bifunctional enzyme, the enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is endowed with an extra catalytic functionality by fusing it to a microperoxidase. The mutant is functional and a both fully covalently flavinylated and heminylated: an oxiperoxidase. Replacement of portions of the wild-type AldO sequence with the bacterial cytochrome c CXXCH heme-binding motif, domain structure, overview
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 60
inactivation at 60°C and 50% remaining activity at 55°C
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
under conditions which are applied for the oxidation experiments (10 mM of aldoitol oxidase in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, at 30°C and rotary shaking (100 rpm)) the enzyme has a half-life of 30 h
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain MC1061
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain MC1061
functional expression of recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) periplasm
recombinant enzyme expression in the periplasm or on the cell surface of Escherichia coli cells of different strains. The enzyme is differently tagged, i.e. expressed as Tat-AldO or INP-AldO, and exported to the periplasm or to the cell surface of the transformed cells, overview. AldO is successfully displayed at the surface of Escherichia coli using a truncated INP variant, it contains covalently bound FAD, thus has attained a correctly folded and active conformation
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
synthesis
-
AldO is an enantioselective biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of racemic 1,2-diols
synthesis
-
utilization of recombinant enzyme expressed in the periplasm or on the cell surface of Escherichia coli as biocatalyst in a non-laborious and non-costly whole-cell application for reacting on towards different polyols such as xylitol and sorbitol
synthesis
-
biosynthetic production of glycolate from glycerol using a variant of alditol oxidase, 2-hydroxyglutarate-pyruvate transhydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, and aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli in an artificial operon expressed in Escherichia coli. To redirect glycerol flux toward glycolate synthesis, key genes of the native glycerol assimilation pathways are deleted and a second plasmid expressing Dld3 to reduce the accumulation of the intermediate D-glycerate is introduced. The final engineered strain produces 0.64 g/l glycolate in shake flasks, which is increased to 4.74 g/l in fed-batch fermentation
synthesis
-
one-pot biocatalytic system converting a range of triacylglycerols/natural oils into alpha-olefins. The system consists of CRL from Candida rugosa (for triacylglycerol hydrolysis to provide free fatty acids and glycerol), AldO (for in situ H2O2 generation upon glycerol oxidation), and OleTJE (for free fatty acid decarboxylation using H2O2 as cofactor) and is independent of exogenous addition of H2O2. The reaction system achieves a 68.5% total alkene yield from 500 microM coconut oil. About 0.5 g/l of alpha-olefins are produced from coconut oil (1500 microM) upon some reaction optimization
synthesis
-
production of ethylene glycol from glycerol by an artificial enzymatic cascade comprised of alditol oxidase, catalase, glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase. The NADH generated during the dehydrogenation of the glycerol oxidation product D-glycerate can be used as the reductant to support the ethylene glycol production. Using this in vitro synthetic system with self-sufficient NADH recycling, 7.64 mM ethylene glycol is produced from 10 mM glycerol in 10 h, with a yield of 0.515 g/g
synthesis
-
synthesis of rare ketoses from glycerol and D-/L-glyceraldehyde in a one-pot multienzyme fashion in which the only carbon source is glycerol. Glycerol is phosphorylated and then oxidized at C2 to afford dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The primary alcohol of glycerol is also oxidized to give the acceptor molecule glycerol aldehyde in situ (D- or L-isomer can be formed stereospecifically with either alditol oxidase or horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase). Different dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases are used to generate the aldol adducts (rare ketohexose phosphates) with various stereoconfigurations and diastereomeric ratios
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Van Hellemond, E.; Vermote, L.; Koolen, W.; Sonke, T.; Zandvoort, E.; Heuts, D.; Janssen, D.; Fraaije, M.
Exploring the biocatalytic scope of alditol oxidase from Streptomyces coelicolor
Adv. Synth. Catal.
351
1523-1530
2009
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
-
van Bloois, E.; Winter, R.T.; Janssen, D.B.; Fraaije, M.W.
Export of functional Streptomyces coelicolor alditol oxidase to the periplasm or cell surface of Escherichia coli and its application in whole-cell biocatalysis
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
83
679-687
2009
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Forneris, F.; Heuts, D.; Delvecchio, M.; Rovida, S.; Fraaije, M.; Mattevi, A.
Structural analysis of the catalytic mechanism and stereoselectivity in Streptomyces coelicolor alditol oxidase
Biochemistry
47
978-985
2008
Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Winter, R.T.; Heuts, D.P.; Rijpkema, E.M.; van Bloois, E.; Wijma, H.J.; Fraaije, M.W.
Hot or not? Discovery and characterization of a thermostable alditol oxidase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
95
389-403
2012
Acidothermus cellulolyticus (A0LST6), Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B (A0LST6), Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B, Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Winter, R.T.; van den Berg, T.E.; Colpa, D.I.; van Bloois, E.; Fraaije, M.W.
Functionalization of oxidases with peroxidase activity creates oxiperoxidases: a new breed of hybrid enzyme capable of cascade chemistry
ChemBioChem
13
252-258
2012
Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (Q9ZBU1), Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Matthews, S.; Tee, K.L.; Rattray, N.J.; McLean, K.J.; Leys, D.; Parker, D.A.; Blankley, R.T.; Munro, A.W.
Production of alkenes and novel secondary products by P450 OleTJE using novel H2O2-generating fusion protein systems
FEBS Lett.
591
737-750
2017
Streptomyces coelicolor
Zhan, T.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, C.; Bi, C.; Zhang, X.
Constructing a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of glycolate from glycerol in Escherichia coli
ACS Synth. Biol.
9
2600-2609
2020
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Chen, Z.; Li, Z.; Li, F.; Wang, N.; Gao, X.D.
Characterization of alditol oxidase from Streptomyces coelicolor and its application in the production of rare sugars
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
28
115464
2020
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Jiang, Y.; Li, Z.; Zheng, S.; Xu, H.; Zhou, Y.; Gao, Z.; Meng, C.; Li, S.
Establishing an enzyme cascade for one-pot production of alpha-olefins from low-cost triglycerides and oils without exogenous H2O2 addition
Biotechnol. Biofuels
13
52
2020
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Li, K.; Sun, W.; Meng, W.; Yan, J.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, S.; Lue, C.; Ma, C.; Gao, C.
Production of ethylene glycol from glycerol using an in vitro enzymatic cascade
Catalysts
11
214
2021
Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
-
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